Abstract:
:Genome projects allow us to sample copies of a retrotransposon sequence family residing in a host genome. The variation in DNA sequence between these individual copies will reflect the evolutionary process that has spread the sequences through the genome. Here I review quantitatively the expected diversity of elements belonging to a transposable genetic element family. I use a simple neutral model for replicative mobile DNAs such as retrotransposons to predict the extent of sequence variability between members of a single family of transposable elements, both within and between species. The effects of horizontal transfer are also explored. I also consider the impact on these distributions of an increase in transposition rate arising from a mutational change in copy of the sequence. In addition, I consider the question of the interaction between retrotransposons and their hosts, and the causes of the abundance of transposable elements in the genomes that they occupy.
journal_name
Cytogenet Genome Resjournal_title
Cytogenetic and genome researchauthors
Brookfield JFdoi
10.1159/000084970keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
383-91issue
1-4eissn
1424-8581issn
1424-859Xpii
84970journal_volume
110pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Xenopus is an important model organism for the study of genome duplication in vertebrates. With the full genome sequence of diploid Xenopus tropicalis available, and that of allotetraploid X. laevis close to being finished, we will be able to expand our understanding of how duplicated genes have evolved. One of the ke...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000431386
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome abnormality identified in human males. This syndrome is generally associated with infertility. Men with KS may have a 47,XXY or a 46,XY/47,XXY karyotype. Studies carried out in humans and mice suggest that only XY cells are able to enter and complete meiosi...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000321794
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The X chromosomes of the extant equids, in general, share morphology and banding pattern similarities. However, the donkey X is, in part, an exception because of significantly different centromeric index and variant banding patterns in the pericentromeric region. To verify the underlying molecular basis of this differ...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000063050
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Merle is a distinct coat color and pattern found in numerous species, including the domestic dog, characterized by patches of diluted eumelanin (black pigment) interspersed among areas of normal pigmentation. In dogs, this variegated pattern is caused by an insertion of a SINE element into the canine PMEL gene. Althou...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000491408
更新日期:2018-08-03 00:00:00
abstract::Mismatch repair (MMR) systems are central to maintaining genome stability in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. MMR proteins play a fundamental role in avoiding mutations, primarily by removing misincorporation errors that occur during DNA replication. MMR proteins also act during genetic recombination in steps that include ...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000080593
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The osprey (Pandion haliaetus) has a diploid number of 74 chromosomes, consisting of a large number of medium-sized macrochromosomes and relatively few microchromosomes; this differs greatly from the typical avian karyotype. Chromosome painting with chicken DNA probes revealed that the karyotype of P. haliaetus differ...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000358407
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately 15 patients with partial trisomy 9p involving de novo duplications have been previously described. Here, we present clinical, cytogenetic, FISH and aCGH findings in a patient with a de novo complex rearrangement in the short arm of chromosome 9 involving an inverted duplication at 9p24-->p21.3 and a dele...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000251966
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously revealed similarity in gene expression patterns between human brain and testis, based on digital differential display analyses of 760 human Unigenes. In the present work, we reanalyzed the gene expression data in many tissues of human and mouse for a large number of genes almost covering the respective w...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000086378
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chromosomes in hymenopteran insects cannot currently be analysed in adult individuals. The only available cytogenetic techniques need to be performed in larvae. Here we develop and implement a SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) marker, associated with B chromosomes in the bee Partamona helleri, which has p...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000097430
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of quantitative changes in genomic DNA, i.e. deletions and duplications or Copy Number Variants (CNVs), has recently gained considerable interest. First, detailed analysis of the human genome showed a surprising amount of CNVs, involving thousands of genes. Second, it was realised that the detection of C...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000184723
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In rye each B chromosome (B) represents 5.5% of the diploid A genome. Rye Bs have several nuclear to whole plant effects although they seem to bear no genes except for the ones that lead to their maintenance within a population. In this context, and considering that rye Bs are enriched in repetitive non-coding regions...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000079306
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translocations involving chromosomal region 19q13 are a frequent finding in follicular adenomas of the thyroid and might represent the most frequent type of structural aberration in human epithelial tumors. By positional cloning, a putative candidate gene, ZNF331 (formerly RITA) located close to the breakpoint was ide...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000074165
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) was applied on fifteen gastric cancer (GCA) samples to reveal information of DNA copy number changes at an exon-level resolution. Twelve of the samples represented the intestinal (IGCA) and three the diffuse (DGCA) type of GCA. The samples had previously b...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000109617
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report on the conventional cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results obtained for a 3.5-year-old girl with developmental and language delay and a supernumerary ring chromosome mosaicism in 8% of T-lymphocytes analyzed. Using different conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques as YAC ...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000076285
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::RNA interference (RNAi) refers to the selective degradation of mRNA induced by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans. Homology-dependent silencing phenomena related to RNAi have been observed in many species from all eukaryotic kingdoms. RNAi and related mechanisms share several conse...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000078215
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single female with 206 chromosomes and another 26 females with 156 chromosomes identified as Prussian carp, Carassius gibelio, and 5 individuals with 100 chromosomes identified as crucian carp, C. carassius, were sampled during field survey in one locality in the upper Elbe River. To identify the origin of females w...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000350689
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyzed genetic changes in condylomas (four cases), vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia I-III (VIN I-III, eleven cases), and primary vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC, ten cases) by high-resolution comparative genomic hybridization (HR-CGH) and flowcytometry. All samples were also human papilloma virus (HPV)-geno...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000078559
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An important aspect of genome reprogramming is the establishment and maintenance of gamete-specific DNA methylation patterns that distinguish the parental alleles of imprinted genes. Disrupting the accurate transmission of genomic imprints by interfering with these methylation patterns causes severe defects in fetal g...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000090822
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spectral karyotyping (SKY) was used to assess the chromosomal constitution of embryos generated by nuclear transfer (NT) of neuronal nuclei (N-NT) or cumulus cell nuclei (C-NT) into oocytes and of their embryonic stem cell derivatives (ntES cells). We detected chromosomal changes during the first mitotic cleavage and ...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000230004
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The article reviews the existing methods of multicolor FISH on nuclear targets, first of all, interphase chromosomes. FISH proper and image acquisition are considered as two related components of a single process. We discuss (1) M-FISH (combinatorial labeling + deconvolution + wide-field microscopy); (2) multicolor la...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000094227
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroglobin and cytoglobin are two novel members of the vertebrate globin family. Their physiological role is poorly understood, although both proteins bind oxygen reversibly and may be involved in cellular oxygen homeostasis. Here we investigate the selective constraints on coding and non-coding sequences of the neur...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000078011
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomic imprinting has a special role in placental biology. Imprinted genes are often strongly expressed in the placenta, and the allelic expression bias due to imprinting is sometimes stronger in this extraembryonic organ than in the embryo and adult. Mutations, epimutations, and uniparental disomies affecting imprin...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000090842
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteosarcomas are primary tumors of bone that most often develop in adolescents. They are characterized by complex genomic changes including amplifications, deletions, and translocations. The chromosome region 17p11.2p12 is frequently amplified in human high grade osteosarcomas (25% of cases), suggesting the presence ...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000451046
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rubus yellow net virus (RYNV) infects Rubus spp., causing a severe decline when present in mixed infections with other viruses. RYNV belongs to the family Caulimoviridae, also known as plant pararetroviruses, which can exist as episomal or integrated elements (endogenous). Most of integrated pararetroviruses are nonin...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000509845
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is incredible morphological and behavioral diversity among the hundreds of breeds of the domestic dog, CANIS FAMILIARIS. Many of these breeds have come into existence within the last few hundred years. While there are obvious phenotypic differences among breeds, there is marked interbreed genetic homogeneity. Th...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000075756
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12), now described in European-American and Asian (Indian) pedigrees, is unique among the SCAs from clinical, pathological, and molecular perspectives. Clinically, the distinguishing feature is early and prominent action tremor with variability in other signs. Pathologically, brain M...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000072854
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several patients with 5p duplication or 15q deletion have been reported in the literature, involving different chromosome regions and clinical features. Here, we describe a family in which we identified a 30-Mb 5p15.33p13.3 gain and a 2.5-Mb 15q26.3 loss in 3 individuals, due to a balanced familial translocation betwe...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type:
doi:10.1159/000511235
更新日期:2020-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::Among birds, species with the ZZ/ZW sex determination system generally show significant differences in morphology and size between the Z and W chromosomes (with the W usually being smaller than the Z). In the present study, we report for the first time the karyotype of the spot-flanked gallinule (Gallinula melanops) b...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000501381
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The chromosomal band 17q21.31, containing the microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene, is a hotspot for chromosomal rearrangements. It is known to contain a common inversion polymorphism of approximately 900 kb in populations with European ancestry. The inverted configuration is linked to a distinct MAPT haplot...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000315901
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisomes are cell organelles that perform multiple functions in the metabolism of lipids and of reactive oxygen species. They are present in most eukaryotic cells. However, they are believed to be absent in spermatozoa and they have never been described in male germ cells. We have used the immortalized germ cell li...
journal_title:Cytogenetic and genome research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000076825
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00