Abstract:
:This paper demonstrates the utility of a portable alpha Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) as a bench top scalar counter for multiple sample types. These include using the CAM to count fixed air sample filters and radiological smears. In counting radiological smears, the CAM is used very much like a gas flow proportional counter (GFPC), albeit with a lower efficiency. Due to the typically low background in this configuration, the minimum detectable activity for a 5-min count should be in the range of about 10 dpm which is acceptably below the 20 dpm limit for transuranic isotopes. When counting fixed air sample filters, the CAM algorithm along with other measurable characteristics can be used to identify and quantify the presence of transuranic isotopes in the samples. When the radiological control technician wants to take some credit from naturally occurring radioactive material contributions due to radon progeny producing higher energy peaks (as in the case with a fixed air sample filter), then more elaborate techniques are required. The techniques presented here will generate a decision level of about 43 dpm for such applications. The calibration for this application should alternatively be done using the default values of channels 92-126 for region of interest 1. This can be done within 10 to 15 min resulting in a method to rapidly evaluate air filters for transuranic activity. When compared to the 1-h count technique described by , the technique presented in the present work demonstrates a technique whereby more than two thirds of samples can be rapidly shown (within 10 to 15 min) to be within regulatory compliant limits. In both cases, however, spectral quality checks are required to insure sample self attenuation is not a significant bias in the activity estimates. This will allow the same level of confidence when using these techniques for activity quantification as is presently available for air monitoring activity quantification using CAMs.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Hayes RB,Peña AM,Goff TEdoi
10.1097/01.hp.0000156959.35525.57keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-08-01 00:00:00pages
172-80issue
2eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159pii
00004032-200508000-00009journal_volume
89pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::Reliable radon laboratory operations motivated the construction of three radon gas calibration chambers. One chamber is used for background calibrations while the other two cover a radon gas concentration range of 110 to >5,550 Bq m(-3) (3-150 pCi L(-1)). The chambers entered commercial service, for tertiary radon cal...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000267006.55621.2f
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our analysis of data from the beagle project completed at the University of Utah has provided some comparisons that appear to be useful in testing the model proposed by Raabe of effective thresholds for induction of skeletal malignancy by bone-seeking radionuclides in beagles. Raabe's model predicted that cumulative s...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200012000-00019
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the steps that has been taken to expedite the radiation dose reconstruction process is the development of "site profiles." These reports, one of which has been prepared for each of the major U.S. Department of Energy nuclear sites, include detailed assessments of the dose rates at a given site due to on-site ex...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000265217.20406.c7
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The data presented show early results from a longitudinal survey of "therapeutic" ultrasonic instrument performance in clinical physiotherapy. Previous studies undertaken in North America and the United Kingdom have shown that these units tend not to be scientifically tested and recalibrated, and have been found to ha...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198209000-00007
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The natural radioactivity in some rock samples in Ikogosi-Ekiti, Southwestern Nigeria, has been measured using a very sensitive gamma spectroscopic system consisting of a 76 mm x 76 mm NaI(TI) scintillation detector system coupled to a versatile Canberra Series 10 plus multichannel analyzer. The average concentrations...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200008000-00013
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experience gained from involvement in a number of emergency response activities since September 2001 in Texas indicated that the likely roles of statewide medical reserve corps units typically included aspects such as crowd control, registration and tracking, and information management. The need for training specifica...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e3181aeb3d5
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article an overview of the historical development of light water reactor health physics programs is presented. Operational health physics programs have developed and matured as experience in operating and maintaining light water reactors has been gained. Initial programs grew quickly in both size and complexit...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-200506000-00011
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A complete, historical dataset is presented of radionuclide resuspension-factors. These data span six orders of magnitude in time (ranging from 0.1 to 73,000 d), encompass more than 300 individual values, and combine observations from events on three continents. These data were then used to derive improved, empirical ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31821ddb07
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The processes of uranium extraction, purification, and manufacture involve the risk of chemical intoxication. Acute uranium poisoning elicits renal failure which in turn may lead to death. Great efforts have been put into the search for a protective agent for acute uranium poisoning. Several chelating agents such as E...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199405000-00005
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The U.S. Department of Energy initiated the Radiation Exposure Review Project to provide a critical reexamination of radiation doses to people resulting from testing nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site. One part of this effort focused on the dose resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food. The PATHWAY radio...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199610000-00007
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Medical health physics is the profession dedicated to the protection of healthcare providers, members of the public, and patients from unwarranted radiation exposure. Medical health physicists must be knowledgeable in the principles of health physics and in the applications of radiation in medicine. Advances in medica...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-200405000-00001
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mathematical model describing the dynamics of lymphopoiesis in mammals continuously exposed to ionizing radiation has been developed. It is based on the theory of chalone regulation of hematopoiesis. The model comprises a system of nine differential equations. Results from the model were compared with our experiment...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199107000-00009
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1980, the NCRP formed Scientific Committee 66 with an assignment to address the subject of "biological effects of ultrasound and exposure criteria." It was recognized that the primary source of exposure to ultrasound was through medical applications and, especially, through procedures employing diagnostic ultrasoun...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type:
doi:10.1097/00004032-200205000-00004
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The current feasibility of protecting emergency responders through bone marrow selective shielding is highlighted in the recent OECD/NEA report on severe accident management. Until recently, there was no effective personal protection from externally penetrating gamma radiation. In Chernobyl, first-responders wore make...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000688
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper summarizes an environmental radionuclide baseline study undertaken for the Department of National Defence in Canada. The purpose of the project was to establish levels of radionuclides present in the environment around areas where nuclear propelled vessels may be berthed. Specifically, this report describes...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199907000-00008
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data on nuclear medicine thyroid examinations performed in Manitoba (population 1 million) from 1981-1985 were collected, with more detailed demographic data obtained on 1,100 consecutive patients between June 1987 and January 1988. An average of 2,081 patients were examined per year, 81% female and 19% male, represen...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary target for uranium toxicity is the kidney. The most frequently used guideline for uranium kidney burdens is the International Commission on Radiological Protection value of 3 microg U g(-1) kidney, a value that is based largely upon chronic studies in animals. In the present effort, a risk model equation w...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000338421.07312.ed
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conversion factors for the dose rate 1 m above the ground level from the measured activities for different gamma-ray emitters in soil are calculated using the Monte Carlo method. The calculations are based on the GEANT system developed at CERN, Geneva. Results for the uniform and surface distribution of the emitters i...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199808000-00007
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most effective countermeasure for radioiodine contamination of milk is to provide dairy animals with uncontaminated feed, with the added advantage that it will be effective for other radionuclides in the fallout. Another effective response is to process the milk into storable dairy products for an appropriate leng...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199611000-00005
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The movement through the environment and the toxicity to plants of 99Tc have been studied. However, information is scanty on 99Tc toxicity to mammals even though this is the decisive criterion for assessing the consequences of releases of Tc. A critical tissue could be the thyroid because of its preferential accumulat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198908000-00014
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentrations of natural alpha-emitting isotopes of thorium (228Th, 230Th and 232Th) have been determined in 22 sets of human tissue samples obtained at autopsy from Grand Junction, CO and in 10 sets from Washington, DC. Tissues included lung, pulmonary lymph nodes, liver, kidney, bone, a few gonads, spleen and t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198306001-00018
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::New technologies such as intensity modulated and image guided radiation therapy, computer controlled linear accelerators, record and verify systems, electronic charts, and digital imaging have revolutionized radiation therapy over the past 10-15 y. Quality assurance (QA) as historically practiced and as recommended in...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000326334.64242.46
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::²²²Rn (radon) and ²²⁰Rn (thoron) progeny are known to interfere with determining the presence of long-lived transuranic radionuclides, such as plutonium and americium, and require from several hours up to several days for conclusive results. Methods are proposed that should expedite the analysis of air samples for det...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31824641a8
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prompt gamma emission data from the International Atomic Energy Agency's Prompt Gamma-ray Neutron Activation Analysis database are analyzed to determine the absorbed dose rates in tissue to be expected when natural elements are exposed in a near-thermal neutron environment. ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000288
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A simple approximation for estimating the centerline gamma absorbed dose rates due to a continuous Gaussian plume was developed. To simplify the integration of the dose integral, this approach makes use of the Gaussian cloud concentration distribution. The solution is expressed in terms of the I1 and I2 integrals whic...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198708000-00004
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bioassay and laboratory survey schedules can be generated using a radioisotope inventory program. This paper discusses the use of laboratory activity, past performance and operational factors for laboratory survey frequency determination, and use of laboratory activity for bioassay scheduling. Mayo Clinic has recently...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Weathering of fuel particles and the subsequent leaching of radionuclides causes 90Sr mobility in Chernobyl soils to increase with time after deposition. Studies of 90Sr speciation in soils collected in 1995 and 1996 from the Chernobyl 30-km exclusion zone have been used to calculate rates of fuel particles dissolutio...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199903000-00006
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::At least 350,000 workers at U.S. radiation facilities are being followed up to monitor their mortality experience, with particular reference to cancer. Although these studies are expensive, they are needed from the standpoint of public health and radiation protection; they also provide a useful check that the risk ext...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199007000-00007
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Goiânia accident, many individuals suffered external and internal contamination. The screening of internal contamination was done through 137Cs urinary excretion. During the first month after the accident, only in-vitro bioassay procedures were done. Incorporation into the body and committed doses were estimate...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199101000-00006
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brown coal unusually rich in uranium is burnt in a coal-fired power plant that lies inside the confines of a small industrial town named Ajka, Hungary, and has been operational since 1943. The 238U (226Ra) activity discharged to the atmosphere per unit electrical energy produced was about 330-400 GBq (GW y)(-1), which...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200306000-00003
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00