Toxicity of 99Tc: can it represent a risk to man?

abstract：:This work describes the design, development, and characterization of an ionization chamber to detect and locate gamma ray sources with intensities down to 100 mu Gy h(-1). The results show that sources of x ray and gamma radiation in the energy range of 14 to 1,250 keV can be located. The directional sensitivity of th...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kronenberg S,Bruckner GJ,Bechtel E,Gentner F

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Findings of the Life Span Study (LSS) cohort of atomic-bomb survivors are a primary source for quantitative risk estimates that underlie radiation protection. Because of the size and length of follow-up, the LSS provides considerable information on both the nature of the dose response and on how radiation-associated e...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Preston DL,Pierce DA,Shimizu Y,Ron E,Mabuchi K

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mayak Production Association (MPA) worker registry has shown evidence of plutonium-induced health effects. Workers were potentially exposed to plutonium nitrate [(239)Pu(NO(3))(4)] and plutonium dioxide ((239)PuO(2)). Studies of plutonium-induced health effects in animal models can complement human studies by prov...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Wilson DA,Mohr LC,Frey GD,Lackland D,Hoel DG

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The University of Cincinnati has reproduced the original formulation for the Livermore Thoracic Phantom lungs using contemporary materials and has adopted the linear attenuation coefficient as the primary quality assurance parameter for evaluating the performance capabilities of these new lung phantoms. The Livermore ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Spitz H,Glover S,Liu N,Smith B,Hickman D,Kruchten D,Anderson L

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation sickness is challenging to diagnose, and the diagnosis is often based on nonclinical data. In accidents where patients are not aware of their exposure to radiation (so-called "occult exposures"), a correct diagnosis can take weeks or months. The purpose of this study is to review the time to diagnosis of rad...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kunkler J,Adams TG,Manger M,Casagrande R

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sources of outdoor and indoor atmospheric radon are examined. The variation of outdoor atmospheric radon with time of day, time of year, altitude and geographic location is quantitatively assessed. Average values of outdoor atmospheric radon concentrations are examined and it is estimated that the mean value for n...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Gesell TF

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics with which tritiated thymidine is eliminated from birds and the concentration of radioactivity remaining in the carcass after 350-430 h were measured. Birds injected with tritiated thymidine eliminated 98% of the radioactivity injected within 28 h. Ninety-eight percent was identified in the excreta, and l...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Party E,Barnea A,Linins I,Gershey EL

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The former Apollo facility converted enriched uranium hexafluoride into uranium oxide for shipment to nuclear fuel fabrication plants from 1957 to 1983. This paper describes quantification of the source term from the Apollo facility in terms of quantities of uranium released, particle size, and solubility characterist...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Caffrey EA,Voillequé PG,Rood AS,Grogan HA,Mohler HJ,Meyer KR,Till JE

更新日期：2020-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Indoor 222Rn concentrations were measured in 37 houses with alpha track detectors placed in water-use rooms near water sources (bathrooms, laundry rooms, and kitchens) and in non-water-use living rooms, dining rooms, and bedrooms away from water sources. Results show that relative contributions of 222Rn to indoor air ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Folger PF,Nyberg P,Wanty RB,Poeter E

更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The geometrical structure of the lung is one of the main factors governing inhaled particle deposition; structural differences among different species are, therefore, of great importance for extrapolation modeling. A statistical analysis of morphometric data for the human and rat tracheobronchial tree reveals signific...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hofmann W,Koblinger L,Martonen TB

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A radiation detector constructed of common household materials was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) by Cresson H. Kearny and has been referred to as the Kearny Fallout Meter (KFM). Developed during the height of the Cold War, the KFM was intended to place a radiation meter capable of measuring fallout...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： McDonald JT,West WG,Kearfott KJ

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this work was to evaluate the reproductive toxicological effects of uranium (U) at 2.5, 5, and 10 mgU/kg/d chronically administered in drinking water for 40 d. Swiss female control mice (n = 28) and mice chronically contaminated with uranyl nitrate in drinking water (n = 36) were tested. The number and qual...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kundt MS,Martinez-Taibo C,Muhlmann MC,Furnari JC

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our analysis of data from the beagle project completed at the University of Utah has provided some comparisons that appear to be useful in testing the model proposed by Raabe of effective thresholds for induction of skeletal malignancy by bone-seeking radionuclides in beagles. Raabe's model predicted that cumulative s...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lloyd RD,Taylor GN,Fisher DR,Schlenker RA,Miller SC

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The shaft portion of the left femur from an individual occupationally exposed to Pu was used to investigate the suitability of an ethylenediamine extraction technique to separate mineral bone from organic material. Marrow in the lumen was removed before the extraction technique was used and was analyzed separately for...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Miglio JJ,Willis LC

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depleted uranium (DU) munitions were initially used by the United States (U.S.) military during the first Persian Gulf War in 1991 in order to penetrate heavily armored vehicles. However, as a result of friendly fire, several U.S. military personnel received intakes from DU munitions. One of the ongoing concerns for t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Walkingstick MT,Krage ES,Brey RR

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With possibilities for radiation terrorism and intensified concerns about nuclear accidents since the recent Fukushima Daiichi event, the potential exposure of large numbers of individuals to radiation that could lead to acute clinical effects has become a major concern. For the medical community to cope with such an ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Swartz HM,Flood AB,Williams BB,Dong R,Swarts SG,He X,Grinberg O,Sidabras J,Demidenko E,Gui J,Gladstone DJ,Jarvis LA,Kmiec MM,Kobayashi K,Lesniewski PN,Marsh SD,Matthews TP,Nicolalde RJ,Pennington PM,Raynolds T,Sal

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PATHWAY model results were used, in conjunction with a hypothetical major nuclear attack on the U.S., to arrive at the ratio of internal to external dose for humans from early (48 h) fallout. Considered were the four nuclides (137Cs, 89Sr, 90Sr, 131I) that account for most of the reconstructed whole-body committed...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Peterson KR,Shapiro CS

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mathematical simulations and benchmark measurements were performed to assess the impact that normal variations in human calcium content have on in vivo K x-ray fluorescence measurements of lead in bone. Four sets of cortical bone tissue simulants were fabricated containing from 20.8% to 23.8% calcium (by weight) for m...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lodwick CJ,Lodwick JC,Spitz HB

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large-scale radiological incident would result in an immediate critical need to assess the radiation doses received by thousands of individuals to allow for prompt triage and appropriate medical treatment. Measuring absorbed doses of ionizing radiation will require a system architecture or a system of platforms that...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Grace MB,Moyer BR,Prasher J,Cliffer KD,Ramakrishnan N,Kaminski J,Coleman CN,Manning RG,Maidment BW,Hatchett R

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The real-time radiation monitoring system (RMS) in the Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (SRRC) has been upgraded significantly during the past years. The new framework of the RMS is built on the popular network technology, including Ethernet hardware connections and Web-based software interfaces. It features virt...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Sheu RJ,Wang JP,Chen CR,Liu J,Chang FD,Jiang SH

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of the ingestion dose pathways in collective effective dose due to severe reactor accidents is evaluated by studying two different radioactive accidental releases. A short description of the ingestion dose pathway model is also given. Typically, exposure via contaminated food without countermeasures cau...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Partanen JP,Savolainen I

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three models for the biodistribution and dosimetry of 82Rb-chloride were reviewed and a proposal is made for the best dosimetry for this agent to be adopted. Data from three proposed biokinetic models for 82Rb-chloride were used to calculate dose estimates for the compound, and the results were compared. The blood con...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Stabin MG

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of laboratory animal retinal exposure to green monochromatic laser radiation show an increasing stability of tissue with increasing pulse duration up to 10(-1) s. This mechanism of biological response of the eye to light damage is fundamental to living systems. It does not manifest itself in animals under deep...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Zheltov G,Glazkov V,Podol'tzef A,Linnik L,Privalov A

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cohort-based dose-response analyses can be biased if based on a comparison group that is not comparable to the exposed persons with respect to uncontrolled factors related to disease incidence or mortality. When data exist over a range of doses including the very low dose region, internal regression standardized analy...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cologne JB,Preston DL

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neyman-Pearson principles are briefly discussed and 95% confidence intervals of the form [0, ##.##] are presented. Use is made of the fact that the probability of the difference of two random variables, each with a Poisson distribution, can be expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions of integral order and eleme...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Potter WE

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The apparent risk of childhood leukemia resulting from paternal pre-conception radiation exposure found among children of the Sellafield (West Cumbria, UK) workforce is compared with the apparent risk in a number of other epidemiological studies. In particular, the extent of the incompatibility of the leukemia pre-con...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Little MP,Charles MW,Wakeford R

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A new 241Am lung monitoring system without shielding was devised by using an imaging plate system. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's realistic torso phantom containing a 241Am lung was covered by imaging plates sealed in lightproof bags. The imaging plate system displayed 241Am lung images characteristic of...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hirota M,Kurihara O,Takada C,Takasaki K,Momose T,Deji S,Ito S,Saze T,Nishizawa K

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Count rates were measured as a function of distance from a planar concrete reflector for a set of eight Bonner-sphere detectors and four isotopic neutron sources. These data can be used to determine the contributions of scattered neutrons to the response of moderated detectors used in environments bounded by concrete....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Sun RK

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Global concerns over energy supply and climate change have given rise to an increase in uranium prospecting, mining and extraction. The changing world economy is spreading the use of advanced nuclear and radiation-related technologies to many parts of the world, giving rise to global initiatives on nuclear energy and ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kase KR,Metcalf P

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An empirical expression of cavity theory for electron fields is developed in a fashion similar to Burlin's general theory of cavity ionization for photons. It incorporates a term that relates the absorbed dose ratio in the cavity and material medium to the differences in electron scattering. This new expression correl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ogunleye OT,Paliwal BR

更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00