Abstract:
:The most effective countermeasure for radioiodine contamination of milk is to provide dairy animals with uncontaminated feed, with the added advantage that it will be effective for other radionuclides in the fallout. Another effective response is to process the milk into storable dairy products for an appropriate length of time to allow for physical decay. The use of additives given to ruminants to reduce radioiodine in milk is an alternative countermeasure which could be effective. Stable iodine administration is a practically feasible option which has the potential to reduce radioiodine levels in milk by at most a factor of three. Stable iodine supplementation should be at sufficiently high rates to be effective (and at least 1 g d-1 for dairy cows), particularly for ruminants already receiving high amounts of iodine in the diet. Currently available data are inadequate to recommend a suitable stable iodine administration rate for different species of ruminants. Other compounds, such as perchlorate and thiocyanate, also reduce the transfer to radioiodine to milk (and thyroid). Some of these compounds seem to be potentially equally as effective as stable iodine. However, currently there is inadequate information on their effectiveness and possible toxicity to both ruminants and humans for these compounds to be considered as suitable countermeasure additives.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Howard BJ,Voigt G,Segal MG,Ward GMdoi
10.1097/00004032-199611000-00005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-11-01 00:00:00pages
661-73issue
5eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract::Studies of laboratory animal retinal exposure to green monochromatic laser radiation show an increasing stability of tissue with increasing pulse duration up to 10(-1) s. This mechanism of biological response of the eye to light damage is fundamental to living systems. It does not manifest itself in animals under deep...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00004032-198905000-00004
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentration of 220Rn in the exhaled breath of workers currently employed in a Th plant was measured using a double filter system. The results are expressed in terms of the equivalent activity of 224Ra freely emanating 220Rn at the mouth. Measurements performed on 176 subjects, without isolating them from day-to-...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198612000-00004
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of 222Rn levels in 453 houses of physics professors from 101 universities in 42 states (plus the District of Columbia) was carried out with 1-y exposures of nuclear track detectors, accompanied by an extensive questionnaire. The geometric mean concentration was 38 Bq/m3 (1.03 pCi/l), the standard deviation wa...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198608000-00002
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, regulatory emphasis on the prevention of loss, theft and intentional misuse of radioactive materials at academic institutions has forced radiation safety personnel to devote increasing amounts of time and effort to address security issues. NRC regulations require that radioactive materials used or sto...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200311002-00009
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Trinity nuclear test, conducted in 1945, exposed residents of New Mexico to varying degrees of radioactive fallout. Companion papers in this issue have detailed the results of a dose reconstruction that has estimated tissue-specific radiation absorbed doses to residents of New Mexico from internal and external exp...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001333
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dose reconstruction of populations potentially affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 is of great importance. However, it has been difficult to assess internal thyroid doses to Fukushima residents (mainly from their intake of I) due to the lack of direct measurements. F...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001125
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental measurements of velocity and tracer gas concentration are taken in a straight tube to evaluate the effectiveness of mixing in achieving conditions as required by ANSI N13.1-1999 for single point extractive sampling from stacks and ducts of nuclear facilities. Mixing is evaluated for inlet turbulent intens...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200301000-00007
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary target for uranium toxicity is the kidney. The most frequently used guideline for uranium kidney burdens is the International Commission on Radiological Protection value of 3 microg U g(-1) kidney, a value that is based largely upon chronic studies in animals. In the present effort, a risk model equation w...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.HP.0000338421.07312.ed
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nineteen UF6/UO2F2 inhalation studies were undertaken in purebred, female beagle dogs (N = 16) to examine inter alia, (a) the possible relations of exposure, whole body, lung and renal uranium levels to excretion rates; (b) the threshold U6+ dose and renal concentration for renal injury; (c) the distribution and reten...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198212000-00008
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Open-faced and diffusion-barrier charcoal canisters were individually exposed to a fixed temperature, humidity, and radon concentration in a chamber for a period of 7 d. The radon progeny activity in the canister under study was measured every 3 h. A total of 15 runs were made for the open-faced canisters and nine run...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199401000-00009
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing audience knowledge is often set as a primary objective of risk communication efforts. But is it worthwhile focusing risk communication strategies solely on enhancing specific knowledge? The main research questions tackled in this paper were: (1) if prior audience knowledge related to specific radiation risk...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0b013e31823fb5a5
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study is to support retrospective dose estimation for epidemiological studies by providing estimates of historical absorbed organ doses to the brain, lens of the eye, salivary glands, and thyroid from intraoral dental radiographic examinations performed from 1940 to 2009. We simulated organ doses t...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000001138
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expressions are derived in three cases for the expectation and uncertainty of body burdens and doses calculated from a linear model of environmental transport and human metabolism in terms of expectation and uncertainty in inputs of discrete, stochastic random variables. Three cases are compared to determine the relat...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199307000-00007
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considering that in 1899 neither biotechnology nor the electronic revolution were foreseen, some humility might be advisable when one looks into the crystal ball for the future role of radiation sources. In the past 50 years, nuclear medicine, nuclear weapons, and nuclear power have had a huge impact in the world. In ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200104000-00008
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparatively little research has been published on radioactive contamination from nuclear medicine patients using hospital toilet facilities. The present study was undertaken to obtain an estimate of the amount of restroom contamination found in a typical 700-bed community hospital as a result of nuclear medicine pro...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199205000-00015
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our analysis of data from the beagle project completed at the University of Utah has provided some comparisons that appear to be useful in testing the model proposed by Raabe of effective thresholds for induction of skeletal malignancy by bone-seeking radionuclides in beagles. Raabe's model predicted that cumulative s...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200012000-00019
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Published in December 2014, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report No. 175, Decision Making for Late-Phase Recovery from Major Nuclear or Radiological Incidents, emphasizes the importance of local, state, and national plans addressing late-phase issues and decision-making processes concurrent...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000784
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::For efficiently measuring ultraviolet transmission through clothing materials for a large number of samples, an automated measuring system with a broad-band method has been built and calibrated against a spectroradiometer based instrument. The apparatus can be used to test 60 samples in 25 min. A selection of clothing...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199702000-00008
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To estimate of the dispersion trend of 3H and 14C discharged from the Wolsung Nuclear Power Plants, the present level of 3H and 14C in environmental samples in the vicinity of the Wolsong site was studied. Tree-ring cellulose analyses were carried out for retrospective evaluation of 3H and 14C in the environment aroun...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200006000-00013
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a continuation of previous research on worst case transportation accidents involving radioactive material (Dodd and Humphries 1988a), and protective action guidance for radioactive material transportation accidents (Dodd and Humphries 1988b), this paper describes the risks from such accidents in Oregon. Radioactive...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-198907000-00016
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fusion research conducted at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics requires large amounts of tritium and generates brief but very high, neutron fluxes. This raises a number of radiological concerns that have been satisfactorily addressed via a combination of engineering controls, training, and administrative control...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-200111001-00016
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A very limited number of field experiments have been performed to assess the relative radiation detection sensitivities of commercially available equipment used to detect radioactive sources in recycled metal scrap. Such experiments require the cooperation and commitment of considerable resources on the part of vendor...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000144567.83125.00
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An attempt was made to test the hypothesis (McLeod et al. 1987; Smith et al. 1987) that a certain combination of direct current and alternating current magnetic field exposures at room temperature results in an increase in motility of a marine diatom (Amphora coffeaeformis) to a maximum value. Diatom motility increase...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199403000-00011
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standardized activated charcoal canisters (according to the U.S. EPA) have been used to collect radon exhaled from concrete surfaces covered with thin plaster (categorically different from thick plaster) of 32 buildings of different ages (0.5-31 y) in Hong Kong. Concrete surfaces covered with thin plaster is the commo...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199505000-00013
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radon-222 concentrations in the air of 12 tourist caves in Slovenia, Yugoslavia were measured. In almost all the caves concentrations are higher than in the outdoor air, with the highest concentration in the Tabor Cave at about 6000 Bq m-3. From the 222Rn concentrations obtained, the activity of 222Rn inhaled by a vis...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Monitoring Laboratory has replaced its lung counting system with four large area (85 mm x 30 mm) HPGe detectors, electronics, and software. The system has been calibrated with the same lung set and phantom that was used to calibrate the Human Monitoring Laboratory's previous lung counting system and the Came...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.hp.0000167148.87179.b7
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thermoluminescent (TL) response to ultraviolet irradiation of CaF2:Tm phosphor is affected by pre-irradiation high-temperature treatment. The experimental results indicate that the maximum intrinsic TL output is about 2000 times higher for 1000 degrees C treatment than when not treated. TL stability for this phosp...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199112000-00017
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) has been regarded as the gold standard of radiation biodosimetry. The assay, however, requires a 2-d peripheral blood lymphocyte culture before starting metaphase chromosome analyses to estimate biological doses. Other biological assays also have drawbacks with respect to the time ...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000182
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of americium-induced liver cancer in beagle dogs that received long-term dietary ethanol was two to three times that of their nonalcoholic cohorts, even though the radionuclide retention time in hepatic tissue was shortened by the alcohol treatment. Liver malignancies did not occur in the ethanol-treated, non...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00004032-199202000-00008
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Just two years have passed since the Tokyo Electric Power Company-Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) accident, a multidimensional disaster that combined to destroy the local infrastructure on which the safety system depended and gave a serious impact to the world. Countermeasures including evacuation, shelter...
journal_title:Health physics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/HP.0000000000000007
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00