Gas mixing for achieving suitable conditions for single point aerosol sampling in a straight tube: experimental and numerical results.

abstract：:As part of the UK Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food Directorate of Fisheries Research (MAFF/DFR) post-Chernobyl monitoring program, a detailed study was carried out of the change over time in dissolved-phase 137Cs concentrations in a number of lakes in Cumbria, UK. These measurements have been combined with p...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Smith JT,Leonard DR,Hilton J,Appleby PG

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The first cycle of statewide radionuclide concentration measurements of public drinking water supplies was completed in accord with the Federal and Georgia Safe Drinking Water Acts. The recommended pattern of analysis is initial screening for gross alpha-particle activity, followed by measuring 226Ra if the gross alph...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Cline W,Adamovitz S,Blackman C,Kahn B

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The materials cycle for (137)Cs, a low-level radioactive material of interest from a security perspective (as a possible source for "dirty bombs") as well as for its extensive industrial and medical uses, has been characterized for the United States for the year 2000. The focus is on products utilizing the isotope rat...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Okumura T,Graedel TE

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After the release of radioactive materials from a large radiological dispersal device (e.g., dirty bomb), improvised nuclear detonation, or nuclear power plant accident, up to hundreds of square miles may be contaminated. A portion of this area will be evacuated; however, people living in the portion that is not evacu...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Snyder E,Drake J,Cardarelli J,Hall K,Szabo J,Demmer R,Lindberg M,Riggs K,James R

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper demonstrates the utility of a portable alpha Continuous Air Monitor (CAM) as a bench top scalar counter for multiple sample types. These include using the CAM to count fixed air sample filters and radiological smears. In counting radiological smears, the CAM is used very much like a gas flow proportional co...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hayes RB,Peña AM,Goff TE

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current feasibility of protecting emergency responders through bone marrow selective shielding is highlighted in the recent OECD/NEA report on severe accident management. Until recently, there was no effective personal protection from externally penetrating gamma radiation. In Chernobyl, first-responders wore make...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Waterman G,Kase K,Orion I,Broisman A,Milstein O

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an effort motivated largely by the Chernobyl nuclear accident, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is developing age-specific biokinetic models and dose coefficients for environmentally important radionuclides. This paper describes the ICRP's age-specific biokinetic model for uranium. The...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Leggett RW

更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM) provides a coherent, technically defensible process for establishing that exposed surfaces satisfy site cleanup requirements. Unfortunately, many sites have complications that challenge a direct application of MARSSIM. Example complications incl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Johnson R,Durham L,Rieman C

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-level radioactive waste containing liquid scintillation fluid and known amounts of 14C and 3H has been incinerated in a modified pathological incinerator with the incinerator effluent, refractory surface and ash being monitored. The study relates the activity monitored to that incinerated and discusses how this re...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hamrick PE,Knapp SJ,Parker MG,Watson JE Jr

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In situ and laboratory gamma spectroscopy were used to characterize natural background levels of radiation in the soil at eight sites around the Yucca Mountain Range. The purpose of this practical field analysis was to determine if published empirical in situ calibration factors would yield accurate quantitative speci...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Benke RR,Kearfott KJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The air-kerma rate constant gamma delta (and its precursors), as one of the basic radiation characteristics of 192Ir, was determined by many authors. Analysis of accessible data on this quantity led us to the conclusion that published data strongly disagree. That is the reason we calculated this quantity on the basis ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ninković MM,Raiĉevìć JJ

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper broadly examines the historical development of radiation protection in medical practice through an examination of the interactions of those concerned with radiation protection and medical practice with emphasis on the last half century and on the role played by health physicists and the Health Physics Socie...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Stannard JN,Kathren RL

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuously repeated or frequent periodic measurements of the radiation environment in the absence of an identified source of ionizing radiation provide large data sets on the ambient background. Statistical evaluation of these data allows for the identification and quantification of the relevant background distribut...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Brandl A

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The radioactivity of coals and ashes from Spanish coal power plants (CPP) was evaluated. This radioactivity is due mainly to 40K and the U and Th series. The samples were measured in secular equilibrium using a NaI(T1) detector. The annual average airborne releases were also evaluated. An atmospheric dispersion model ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Alvarez MC,Garzon L

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Risk assessment of exposure to sources of radiation is an important tool for national governments in regulating radionuclide emissions and thus reducing radiation doses for the general public. For this reason radiation doses from sources throughout The Netherlands have been analyzed. For sources with well-defined loca...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Janssen MP,Blaauboer RO,Pruppers MJ

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We are considering some aspects related to the decontamination activities of about 50 houses affected by 137Cs in Goiânia. We describe the way these contaminations occurred, the instruments used, and the procedures. We also discuss the dose limits established for decontamination and the consequences resulting from thi...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： da Silva CJ,Delgado JU,Luiz MT,Cunha PG,Barros PD

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-evacuation by a private vehicle is one of the most commonly used methods of public evacuation in the case of a nuclear accident. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the dose-reduction effects of vehicles. To achieve this aim, a model for calculating the dose reduction factor was developed based on the actual sha...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Takahara S,Watanabe M,Hirouchi J,Iijima M,Munakata M

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thoron (Rn) exhalation from building materials has become increasingly recognized as a potential source for radiation exposure in dwellings. However, few studies have focused on mitigation strategies to reduce exposure from thoron and its progeny. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to (1) determine the reduction ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： de With G,de Jong P,Donk JJ

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dose reconstruction of populations potentially affected by the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in March 2011 is of great importance. However, it has been difficult to assess internal thyroid doses to Fukushima residents (mainly from their intake of I) due to the lack of direct measurements. F...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kim E,Yajima K,Hashimoto S,Tani K,Igarashi Y,Iimoto T,Ishigure N,Tatsuzaki H,Akashi M,Kurihara O

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of high background radiation (HBR) on mortality. A cohort of 31,604 men and women aged 30-74 y living in the study area in Guangdong Province, China, was followed during the period 1979-1998. The information on deaths and migrations of cohort members was collected by vis...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Tao Z,Akiba S,Zha Y,Sun Q,Zou J,Li J,Liu Y,Yuan Y,Tokonami S,Morishoma H,Koga T,Nakamura S,Sugahara T,Wei L

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Radiation doses to workers at the Manhattan Engineer District (MED) and Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) sites due to external irradiation during 1940-1960 are reviewed. Categorized radiation dose data were available from AEC annual reports for some years. Annual individual radiation dose data for nine MED/AEC sites for...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Strom DJ,Smith MH,Swinth KL,Pettengill HJ

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the tragic events of 11 September 2001, the nation has made significant strides in preparing for disasters and emergencies of all types. Federal funding to state, local, territorial, and tribal public health and healthcare systems has required an all-hazards preparedness approach with special focus on those ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Herrmann J

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It seems obvious that if a significant increase in occupancy occurs in the immediate vicinity of any radiation room a reexamination of the adequacy of the shielding should be performed. We discuss a facility where a new building was constructed in close proximity to an existing medical linear accelerator and no consid...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Barish RJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An evaluation was performed to determine the distribution of radiation dose received by vascular/interventional radiologists, hence forth called radiologists, to their hands and arms during interventional radiology procedures. During 87 patient procedures, measurements were made using thermoluminescent dosimeters to d...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Anderson NE,King SH,Miller KL

更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fractal analysis is introduced in the field of environmental health physics. In particular, it is applied to the complex and inhomogeneous deposition pattern of radioactivity after the Chernobyl accident. The patchiness of 137Cs hot spots is quantified by a fractal dimension as low as 1. The problem of finding hot spo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Raes F,De Cort M,Graziani G

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A Monte Carlo based method for the conversion of an in-situ gamma-ray spectrum obtained with a portable Ge detector to photon flux energy distribution is proposed. The spectrum is first stripped of the partial absorption and cosmic-ray events leaving only the events corresponding to the full absorption of a gamma ray....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Clouvas A,Xanthos S,Antonopoulos-Domis M,Silva J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assumptions supporting a chronic aqueous release methodology are inappropriate for estimating dose from accidental discharges. A method of modeling acute or accidental releases is being developed for predicting maximum individual dose. Standardization of consumption rates and usage factors for acute aqueous releases i...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hamby DM

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental data are given on the content of genetically related pairs of radionuclides (226Ra and 222Rn; 224Ra and 220Rn) in soils and the above-ground phytomass of plants growing on plots with differing genesis of the higher concentrations of natural radionuclides in soils. Methods for determining gaseous radionucl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Taskayev AI,Popova ON,Alexakhin RM,Testov BV

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ISO standard 4037 specifies that for calibrating protection level dosimeters, scattered radiation should contribute less than 5% of the exposure. In previous work, the authors reported the results of an MCNP analysis of the shadow shield technique that was performed for a calibration range with a Cs irradiator. This p...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Petrie CM,Blue TE,Herminghuysen K

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is presented to determine the uncertainties in the reported dose due to incorporated plutonium for the Mayak Worker Cohort. The methodology includes errors generated by both detection methods and modeling methods. To accomplish the task, the method includes classical statistics, Monte Carlo, perturbation, and...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Krahenbuhl MP,Bess JD,Wilde JL,Vostrotin VV,Suslova KG,Khokhryakov VF,Slaughter DM,Miller SC

更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00