Abstract：
:The U.S. Department of Energy initiated the Radiation Exposure Review Project to provide a critical reexamination of radiation doses to people resulting from testing nuclear devices at the Nevada Test Site. One part of this effort focused on the dose resulting from the ingestion of contaminated food. The PATHWAY radionuclide transport model was developed to provide estimates of food concentrations for 20 radionuclides for each of 86 test events and 15 agricultural scenarios. These results were then used as input to the Human Ingestion model to provide dose estimates for individuals and populations in 9 western states. The model considered the life-style and age of the people, and accounted for the transport of milk between locations. Estimates of uncertainty were provided for all doses using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Propagation of uncertainty between the PATHWAY model and the Human Ingestion model required the development of special strategies to ensure that the inherent correlations between concentrations of the radionuclides in foods were handled properly. In addition, the size of the input data base (60 megabytes), the number of cases to consider (over 30,000), and the number of Monte Carlo simulations (over 6 million) required the development of efficient and reliable methods of data access and storage while running simulations concurrently on up to 14 UNIX workstations. The problems encountered in this effort are likely to be typical of any dose reconstruction involving geographically heterogeneous environmental conditions. This paper documents the methods used to disaggregate the system to achieve computation efficiency, the methods used to propagate uncertainty through the model system, and the techniques used to manage data in a distributed computing environment. The radionuclide- and age-specific dose factors used in the analysis are also provided.
journal_name
Health Physjournal_title
Health physicsauthors
Kirchner TB,Whicker FW,Anspaugh LR,Ng YCdoi
10.1097/00004032-199610000-00007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-10-01 00:00:00pages
487-501issue
4eissn
0017-9078issn
1538-5159journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
HEALTH PHYSICS文献大全abstract：:This presentation provides an overview of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's experiences and ongoing studies related to technologically enhanced, naturally occurring radioactive material (TENORM) in the oil and gas industry. It has been known for many years that Pennsylvania's geology is unique, with several areas hav...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000251
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical health physics is the profession dedicated to the protection of healthcare providers, members of the public, and patients from unwarranted radiation exposure. Medical health physicists must be knowledgeable in the principles of health physics and in the applications of radiation in medicine. Advances in medica...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00004032-200405000-00001
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is strong evidence that ionizing radiation increases cancer risks at high doses (e.g., >or=1 Gy), and persuasive, if controversial, epidemiological evidence that cancer risks are increased at low doses ( approximately 10 mGy). Discussed here are the issues related to extrapolating radiation risks from low radiat...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e3181ad7f04
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The monetary value of the averted dose is a key element in the implementation of the optimization principle both in radiation praxis and intervention. The main concept of this principle is to select options so as to maintain exposures at a reasonable level. The feature of this concept is to look for the minimal total ...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200102000-00004
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emergency responders from the Department of Energy are trained regularly to assess the environmental consequences of a radiological or nuclear incident. While drills and exercises are highly effective tools in rehearsing for an emergency, the accidents at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants presented real-world...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e31824c5ae4
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Accurate extrapolation of animal toxicity data for human health risk assessment requires determination of the effective dose to the target tissue and the sensitivity of the target tissue to that dose. The methodology for deriving reference doses [the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) benchmark values for ga...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198907001-00022
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many first responders are outfitted with electronic personal dosimeters to recognize and be alerted to radiological hazards during their response operations. These dosimeters provide invaluable measurement data for force protection, allowing the first responder to assess a response situation and take protective measur...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000001178
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Timely achievement of uranium series' secular equilibrium is not always feasible. Our objective is to mathematically justify methods for early uranium series gamma spectroscopy measurements that can accurately predict naturally occurring radioactive material equilibrium activities long before equilibrium is establishe...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000001073
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The radionuclide contents of conventional natural raw building materials, coal ash and slag, and finished building products have been determined using gamma-ray spectrometry. Results of brick measurements in their original geometry and in crushed form are compared. The radioactive concentrations in cement and sand, mo...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198909000-00004
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple method based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was developed to identify exposure to depleted uranium by measuring the isotopic composition of uranium in urine. Exposure to depleted uranium results in a decreased percentage of 235U in urine samples causing measurements to vary between n...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200002000-00003
更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study provides a retrospective assessment of doses to 13 organs for the most common radiographic examinations conducted between the 1930s and 2010, taking into account typical technical parameters used for radiography during those years. This study is intended to be a resource on changes in medical diagnostic rad...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000524
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spot urine samples are often taken for emergency radiobioassay to provide a quick dose assessment for contaminated individuals. The subsequent dosimetric analysis requires a urinary output normalization method to adjust spot sampling to daily urine excretion. A rapid specific gravity method that was developed for 24-h...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e318213be69
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Elsewhere in this issue, Robin Elliott outlined a successful program for performing annual radiation safety management program audits. The results of such audits provide a useful means of evaluating and correcting deficiencies or weaknesses in a radiation safety program. At our institution we also perform an annual au...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199911001-00003
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For efficiently measuring ultraviolet transmission through clothing materials for a large number of samples, an automated measuring system with a broad-band method has been built and calibrated against a spectroradiometer based instrument. The apparatus can be used to test 60 samples in 25 min. A selection of clothing...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199702000-00008
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A significant portion of the cost for D&D is related to low-level waste disposal, decontamination, and final radiological survey. For that reason, a careful cost-benefit analysis must be performed weighing the cost of decontaminating and radiologically surveying the building media for release against the cost of dispo...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neyman-Pearson principles are briefly discussed and 95% confidence intervals of the form [0, ##.##] are presented. Use is made of the fact that the probability of the difference of two random variables, each with a Poisson distribution, can be expressed in terms of modified Bessel functions of integral order and eleme...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199911001-00013
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the winter months of 1992/93 and 1993/94, instantaneous indoor radon concentrations and gamma dose rates were measured in 890 schools in Slovenia attended in total by about 280,000 pupils. Under "closed conditions," the room to be surveyed was closed for more than 12 h prior to sampling, the air was sampled int...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200005000-00014
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years, regulatory emphasis on the prevention of loss, theft and intentional misuse of radioactive materials at academic institutions has forced radiation safety personnel to devote increasing amounts of time and effort to address security issues. NRC regulations require that radioactive materials used or sto...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-200311002-00009
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The statistical distribution of 222Rn measurements from basements and first floors of homes in northeastern Pennsylvania was investigated. The gamma distribution was statistically significantly superior to the normal distribution (p less than 0.005) in describing the frequency distribution of the logarithm of observed...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199208000-00009
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The design and performance of a positionally sensitive system for the laser read-out of dosimetric information contained in LiF chips and a specially designed composite detector having a thin LiF layer is reported. A 2 cm X 3 cm X 0.254 mm LiF layer was successfully manufactured with a glass backing; however, this was...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199010000-00004
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The combined expertise of radiation epidemiologists and laboratory experimentalists is required to accurately define health risks from exposure to a low/very low radiation dose. Although stochastic risk can be estimated when a known threshold dose is exceeded, risk must be inferred from data transference at sub-thresh...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000465
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new 241Am lung monitoring system without shielding was devised by using an imaging plate system. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's realistic torso phantom containing a 241Am lung was covered by imaging plates sealed in lightproof bags. The imaging plate system displayed 241Am lung images characteristic of...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.HP.0000258917.88579.a3
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radioactive seed localization procedures, using I seeds of typical activity 3.7 MBq and higher, are performed to localize nonpalpable lesions in the breast for surgical excision and pathology analysis. This study evaluated the use and dosimetry of I seeds of activity <3.7 MBq in radioactive seed localization procedure...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000001159
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To assess internal annual dose in the general public in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, 80 duplicate cooked diet samples, equivalent to the food consumed over a 400-d period by one person, were collected from 100 volunteers in Aomori City and the village of Rokkasho during 2006–2010 and were analyzed for 11 radionuclides. T...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0b013e31829ae95f
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intestinal absorption of strontium from an oral test dose was studied in 13 healthy human volunteers using double tracer techniques with two stable strontium isotopes as tracers. Defined amounts of one isotope were administered orally, while tracer amounts of the second isotope were injected intravenously. Two differe...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.HP.0000180867.60763.4b
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ICRP effective dose equivalent has been compared with a weighted dose equivalent, computed by treating the entire remainder instead of the sample of five remainder organs in the ICRP method as uniformly radiosensitive, for dose distributions from three common diagnostic exposures: chest, dental full-mouth and dent...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198904000-00012
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A very limited number of field experiments have been performed to assess the relative radiation detection sensitivities of commercially available equipment used to detect radioactive sources in recycled metal scrap. Such experiments require the cooperation and commitment of considerable resources on the part of vendor...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/01.hp.0000144567.83125.00
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroids from mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) were collected in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming and Idaho and 129I/127I atom ratios were determined. Iodine-129/127 atom ratios were significantly (P less than 0.005) different among states. Ratios in Wyoming and Idaho control thyroids were significantly (P less than 0.05)...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-198307000-00004
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study is to evaluate the application and accuracy of polymer gels for determining electron dose distributions in the presence of small heterogeneities made of bone and air. Different cylindrical phantoms containing MAGIC (Methacrylic and Ascorbic acid in Gelatin Initiated by Copper) normoxic polymer ge...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/HP.0000000000000724
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work describes the design, development, and characterization of an ionization chamber to detect and locate gamma ray sources with intensities down to 100 mu Gy h(-1). The results show that sources of x ray and gamma radiation in the energy range of 14 to 1,250 keV can be located. The directional sensitivity of th...
journal_title：Health physics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00004032-199604000-00007
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
