Occupational radiation studies: status, problems, and prospects.

abstract：:The Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) was directed by Congress to assess the risk of thyroid cancer from 131I associated with fallout from the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons at the Nevada Test Site. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) was requested by DHHS to address Public Law 97-414, Section 7 (...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Wachholz BW

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accidental exposure to depleted or enriched uranium may occur in a variety of circumstances. There is a need to quantify such exposure, with the possibility that the testing may post-date exposure by months or years. Therefore, it is important to develop a very sensitive test to measure precisely the isotopic composit...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Parrish RR,Thirlwall MF,Pickford C,Horstwood M,Gerdes A,Anderson J,Coggon D

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A survey of the 222Rn concentrations in 106 homes in the four main towns of the Central Asturias region was carried out over three years. A total of 1,014 measurements was obtained using passive radon charcoal canisters. The 222Rn concentrations fit a log-normal distribution law, with a geometric mean of 23 Bq m(-3). ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Pérez Iglesias JM,Alvarez Alvarez MC,Dopico Vivero MT,Garzón Ruipérez L

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The new dose limits recently adopted in Canada (and elsewhere in the world) have made it more difficult to detect some radionuclides by in vivo counting at the average dose limit of 20 mSv. This is particularly true for natural uranium. Two techniques have been developed by the Human Monitoring Laboratory to reduce th...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kramer GH,Hauck BM,Allen SA,Dantas BM,Dantas AL,Azeredo AM

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The somatic-mutation theory of carcinogenesis has received strong scientific support from results of recent studies on tumor-suppressor genes. We anticipated that people among the high risk for cancer group, either through exposure to various ionizing radiations or by virtue of unique genotypes, would also manifest in...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Akiyama M,Umeki S,Kusunoki Y,Kyoizumi S,Nakamura N,Mori T,Ishikawa Y,Yamakido M,Ohama K,Kodama T

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In case of acute exposure to ionizing radiation, the dose absorbed by the victims has to be rapidly and accurately assessed in order to choose an appropriate medical treatment. Tooth enamel and bone biopsies measured by EPR spectrometry are often used as dose indicators, due to the good radiation sensitivity and the s...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Trompier F,Bassinet C,Clairand I

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sources of outdoor and indoor atmospheric radon are examined. The variation of outdoor atmospheric radon with time of day, time of year, altitude and geographic location is quantitatively assessed. Average values of outdoor atmospheric radon concentrations are examined and it is estimated that the mean value for n...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Gesell TF

更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Human Monitoring Laboratory has replaced its lung counting system with four large area (85 mm x 30 mm) HPGe detectors, electronics, and software. The system has been calibrated with the same lung set and phantom that was used to calibrate the Human Monitoring Laboratory's previous lung counting system and the Came...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kramer GH,Hauck BM

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuously repeated or frequent periodic measurements of the radiation environment in the absence of an identified source of ionizing radiation provide large data sets on the ambient background. Statistical evaluation of these data allows for the identification and quantification of the relevant background distribut...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Brandl A

更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As in the past, the principle role of the scientist in the courtroom is to assist attorneys, judges, and jurors in understanding the complex scientific and technical issues before them. In the last decade, however, changes in the law and the increasing technical complexity of many disputes have introduced new factors ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Auxier JA,Prichard HM

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many first responders are outfitted with electronic personal dosimeters to recognize and be alerted to radiological hazards during their response operations. These dosimeters provide invaluable measurement data for force protection, allowing the first responder to assess a response situation and take protective measur...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Fabian R,Bell J,Brandl A

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Monte Carlo simulation techniques using a Monte Carlo N-Particle code (MCNP5) analyzed six Source Production & Equipment Co., Inc., Se industrial radiography sources to determine an appropriate air kerma rate constant for Se, factoring in source encapsulation and compared to a theoretical approximation. Based on this ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： H Currier B,Munro JJ 3rd,Medich DC

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coyote fecal samples were collected near a radioactive waste leaching pond and a solid radioactive waste disposal facility and analyzed for radioactivity. Elevated concentrations of 137Cs, 90Sr and 238Pu in the samples from the liquid radioactive waste leaching area were attributed to coyotes ingesting contaminated po...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Arthur WJ 3rd,Markham OD

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of epithermal neutron beam in clinical trials of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy for patients with malignant brain tumors had been carried out for half a decade at the Brookhaven's Medical Reactor. The decision to permanently close this reactor in 2000 cut short the efforts to implement a new conceptual design t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hu JP,Reciniello RN,Holden NE

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The revised standard for sampling effluent air from stacks and ducts of the nuclear industry places limits on the non-uniformity of velocity and contaminant profiles at the sampling location; namely, the coefficients of variation must not exceed 20% over an area that encompasses at least the center 2/3 of the cross se...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： McFarland AR,Gupta R,Anand NK

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of nuclear gauges for process control and elemental analysis in the mining industry in Ghana, West Africa, is wide spread and on the increase in recent times. The Ghana Radiation Protection Board regulates nuclear gauges through a system of notification and authorization by registration or licensing, inspectio...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Faanu A,Darko EO,Awudu AR,Schandorf C,Emi-Reynolds G,Yeboah J,Glover ET,Kattah VK

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ABSTRACT A significant portion of the cost for D&D is related to low-level waste disposal, decontamination, and final radiological survey. For that reason, a careful cost-benefit analysis must be performed weighing the cost of decontaminating and radiologically surveying the building media for release against the cost...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Barroso J,Roberts S

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study estimated the radiation exposure attributed to nuclear medicine examinations during the period of 1985 through 1992 in Slovak Republic. It was accomplished by survey of nuclear medicine facilities from 1987 to 1992. In addition, a detailed analysis of nuclear medicine practice was obtained for 1992. The mea...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ftácniková S,Ragan P

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in wireless technologies have lead to an increase in wireless instrumentation present in healthcare centers. This paper presents an analytical method for characterizing electric field (E-field) exposure within these environments. The E-field levels of the different wireless communications systems have ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： de Miguel-Bilbao S,Martín MA,Del Pozo A,Febles V,Hernández JA,de Aldecoa JC,Ramos V

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This work summarizes the measurements and associated environmental dosimetry of reactor-released 137Cs and 134Cs and weapons-produced 137Cs in samples of water, shoreline sediment and fish collected from 1971 to 1980 in the Hudson River Estuary. Trends observed in annual mean concentrations and the resultant dose impl...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Linsalata P,Hickman D,Cohen N

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A Monte Carlo based method for the conversion of an in-situ gamma-ray spectrum obtained with a portable Ge detector to photon flux energy distribution is proposed. The spectrum is first stripped of the partial absorption and cosmic-ray events leaving only the events corresponding to the full absorption of a gamma ray....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Clouvas A,Xanthos S,Antonopoulos-Domis M,Silva J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A review is given of the classical theory of cluster formation to see whether it is a useful description of the behaviour of unattached radioactive particles. Special attention is given to the predictions concerning the size of the clusters, their growth, and their dependency on humidity and other trace gases. The the...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Raes F

更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Panasonic UD-801 thermoluminescent dosimeters ( TLDs ) containing two calcium sulfate phosphors were tested under Performance Specification 3.1 established by the American National Standard Institute ( ANSI75 ) and in the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regulatory Guide 4.13 ( NRC77 ). The specific qualifying tes...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Toke LF,Carson BH,Baker GG,McBride MH,Plato PA,Miklos JA

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Laser safety filter materials must be evaluated at various levels up to the maximum irradiances likely to be encountered, since the absorber may exhibit nonlinear properties. Extreme care is necessary around short-duration lasers due to extremely high peak irradiances in the beam. This is especially true for visible a...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lyon TL,Marshall WJ

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The many reports and other authoritative documents developed and published by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) have been of great service to the nation and the radiation protection community since its Congressional charter was signed into law 50 y ago. There will be a continuing nee...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bushberg JT

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To validate a model for radon transport in soil, measurements of diffusive radon transport under well-defined and controlled conditions have been made in a homogeneous column of dry sand with an air-filled volume on top. This volume simulates a crawl space. The measurements concern time-dependent diffusive transport w...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： van der Spoel WH,van der Graaf ER,de Meijer RJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of radiation has a substantial beneficial impact, particularly in the areas of medicine, energy production, basic science research, and industrial applications. Radiation protection knowledge and experience are required for acquiring and implementing scientific knowledge to protect workers, members of the publ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hricak H,Dauer LT

更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mayak Production Association (MPA) was the first plutonium production plant in the former Soviet Union. Workers at the MPA were exposed to relatively large internal radiation intakes and external radiation exposures, particularly in the early years of plant operations. This paper describes the updated dosimetry da...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Vasilenko EK,Khokhryakov VF,Miller SC,Fix JJ,Eckerman K,Choe DO,Gorelov M,Khokhryakov VV,Knyasev V,Krahenbuhl MP,Scherpelz RI,Smetanin M,Suslova K,Vostrotin V

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mixed radioactive and chemical wastes generated by biomedical research were characterized, and various treatment methods for reducing their volume were evaluated. These wastes consist primarily of organic solvents used in the extraction and purification of radiolabeled biomolecules that are contaminated with low level...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Linins I,Klein RC,Gershey EL

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reliable radon laboratory operations motivated the construction of three radon gas calibration chambers. One chamber is used for background calibrations while the other two cover a radon gas concentration range of 110 to >5,550 Bq m(-3) (3-150 pCi L(-1)). The chambers entered commercial service, for tertiary radon cal...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Distenfeld CH

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00