Abstract:
:DNA from phi X174 is replicated in vitro with a fidelity similar to that found genetically. A mutation of TAG leads to TGG may be induced, however, by varying the concentrations of deoxynucleoside triphosphates, with a frequency proportional to [dGTP]2/[dATP]. This complex concentration dependence is consistent with the active participation of a proofreading mechanism that hydrolytically excises mismatched base pairs as they are formed. A simple kinetic analysis predicts that the frequency of misincorporation depends on the ratio of incorrect to correct deoxynucleoside triphosphates times the concentration of the next triphosphate in the sequence to be added. This suggests that spontaneous mutation by misincorporation depends crucially on the composition of the deoxynucleoside triphosphate pool.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Fersht ARdoi
10.1073/pnas.76.10.4946keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1979-10-01 00:00:00pages
4946-50issue
10eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::ATP-dependent RNA ligases are agents of RNA repair that join 3'-OH and 5'-PO4 RNA ends. Naegleria gruberi RNA ligase (NgrRnl) exemplifies a family of RNA nick-sealing enzymes found in bacteria, viruses, and eukarya. Crystal structures of NgrRnl at three discrete steps along the reaction pathway-covalent ligase-(lysyl-...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1516536112
更新日期:2015-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::This paper's findings suggest that an arbitrary Chinese policy that greatly increases total suspended particulates (TSPs) air pollution is causing the 500 million residents of Northern China to lose more than 2.5 billion life years of life expectancy. The quasi-experimental empirical approach is based on China's Huai ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1300018110
更新日期:2013-08-06 00:00:00
abstract::The temperature dependence of fatty acid spin label resonance spectra and freeze fracture micrographs of sonicated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles in the absence and presence of concanavalin A demonstrate a strong interaction of concanavalin A with these lipid membranes, which results in fusion of the vesicles...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.72.11.4409
更新日期:1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many membrane channels and receptors exhibit adaptive, or desensitized, response to a strong sustained input stimulus. A key mechanism that underlies this response is the slow, activity-dependent removal of responding molecules to a pool which is unavailable to respond immediately to the input. This mechanism is imple...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0902146106
更新日期:2009-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::III-V compound semiconductors are widely used for electronic and optoelectronic applications. However, interfacing III-Vs with other materials has been fundamentally limited by the high growth temperatures and lattice-match requirements of traditional deposition processes. Recently, we developed the templated liquid-p...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1915786117
更新日期:2020-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Superoxide dismutase from chicken-liver mitochondria (manganese enzyme) and the two dismutases from Escherichia coli (manganese and iron enzymes) were analyzed through 29 cycles of automated Edman degradations. The high degree of homology among the amino-terminal sequences of these three dismutases corroborates their ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.12.3725
更新日期:1973-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Destruction of mitotic cyclins by ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis is required for cells to complete mitosis and enter interphase of the next cell cycle. In clam eggs, this process is catalyzed by a cyclin-selective ubiquitin carrier protein, E2-C, and the cyclosome/anaphase promoting complex (APC), a 20S particle cont...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2362
更新日期:1997-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Plants can sense the direction of gravity and change the growth orientation of their organs. The molecular mechanisms of gravity sensing and signal transduction during gravitropism are not well known. We have isolated several shoot gravitropism (sgr) mutants of Arabidopsis. The sgr3-1 mutant exhibits a reduced gravitr...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1430749100
更新日期:2003-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::In Trimenia moorei, an extant member of the ancient angiosperm clade Austrobaileyales, we found a remarkable pattern of female gametophyte (egg-producing structure) development that strikingly resembles that of pollen tubes and their intrasexual competition within the maternal pollen tube transmitting tissues of most ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1104697108
更新日期:2011-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::An inborn deficiency in the ability of aldolase B to split fructose 1-phosphate is found in humans with hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI). A stable isotope procedure to elucidate the mechanism of conversion of fructose to glucose in normal children and in HFI children has been developed. A constant infusion of D-[...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.87.14.5449
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A solid-phase immunoadsorbent capable of binding mouse interferon has been prepared. Starting from crude tissue-culture material, interferon could be purified 1990 times in a single step of affinity chromatography. Overall recovery ranged from 55 to 103% with tissue culture and mouse-brain interferon; however, only 5%...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.70.4.1037
更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The voltage-sensor domain (VSD) of voltage-dependent ion channels and enzymes is critical for cellular responses to membrane potential. The VSD can also be regulated by interaction with intracellular proteins and ligands, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here, we show that the VSD of the BK-type K(+) channel ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0705873104
更新日期:2007-11-13 00:00:00
abstract::BSC-1 cells, epithelial cells of African green monkey kidney origin, show pronounced density-dependent regulation of growth in cell culture. Growth of the cells is rapid to a density of approximately 1.5 x 10(5) cells/per cm(2) in Dulbecco-modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% calf serum. Above this "saturatio...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.75.1.339
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of predator intimidation on habitat use and behavior of prey species are rarely quantified for large marine vertebrates over ecologically relevant scales. Using state space movement models followed by a series of step selection functions, we analyzed movement data of concurrently tracked prey, bowhead whal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1911761117
更新日期:2020-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes is a genetic technique for mosaic analysis in model organisms. The general application of this technique in the mouse depends on establishment of effective recombination systems for individual chromosomes and reliable and sensitive methods for detection of recombina...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0800798105
更新日期:2008-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Human fibroblast cells treated with a combination of inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis [cycloheximide and actinomycin D as used to superinduce interferon beta (IFN-beta)] secrete two proteins with molecular masses of 22000 and 27000 kilodaltons (called 22-kDal and 27-kDal) that are precipitable with an antiserum...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.79.9.2768
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Bacillus subtilis phage SP01, whose DNA contains 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmUra) in place of thymine, codes for an abundant, small, basic protein called TF1. TF1 binds preferentially to hydroxymethyluracil-containing DNA and thereby selectively inhibits transcription of such DNA in vitro. The gene for TF1 has been s...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.22.7031
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The law of the iterated logarithm provides a family of bounds all of the same order such that with probability one only finitely many partial sums of a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables exceed some members of the family, while for others infinitely many do so. In the former case, the...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.63.2.289
更新日期:1969-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bicistronic cassettes under control of a single promoter have recently been suggested as useful tools for coordinate expression of two different foreign proteins in mammalian cells. Using the long 5' untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus as translational enhancer of the second gene, a bicistronic unit comp...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.91.8.3176
更新日期:1994-04-12 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations in the presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) genes increase the production of the highly amyloidogenic 42-residue form of amyloid beta-protein (Abeta42) in a variety of cell lines and transgenic mice. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of this effect, wild-type (wt) or mutant PS1 and PS2 genes were sta...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.15.8208
更新日期:1997-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::GABAergic dysfunction is present in the hippocampus in schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD). The trisynaptic pathway was "deconstructed" into various layers of sectors CA3/2 and CA1 and gene expression profiling performed. Network association analysis was used to uncover genes that may be related to regulation...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0703806104
更新日期:2007-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::A sensitive, labor-saving, and easily automatable nonradioactive procedure named APEX-FCS (amplified probe extension detected by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy) has been established to detect specific in vitro amplification of pathogen genomic sequences. As an example, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic DNA was...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12805
更新日期:1996-11-12 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have identified an ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity intrinsic to the human minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex, composed of MCM subunits 4, 6, and 7 [Ishimi, Y. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24508-24513]. In contrast to the presence of multiple MCM genes (at least six) in eukaryotes, the archaeon...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.96.26.14783
更新日期:1999-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of acute bacterial diarrhea worldwide and is implicated in development of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Two major surface features, the outer membrane lipooligosaccharide and flagella, are highly variable and are often targets for modification. Presumably, these modifications provi...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.0913451107
更新日期:2010-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated the biochemical basis for negative regulation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain (IL-2R alpha) gene expression. Transient transfection studies employing internally deleted forms of the IL-2R alpha promoter localized a negative regulatory element (NRE) between nucleotides -400 and -368 relative ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.86.21.8526
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The claudin-low subtype is a recently identified rare molecular subtype of human breast cancer that expresses low levels of tight and adherens junction genes and shows high expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes. These tumors are enriched in gene expression signatures derived from human tumor-i...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1018862108
更新日期:2012-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Specific rearrangement of internal chromosomal regions occurs during development of the somatic macronucleus in Tetrahymena thermophila and results in elimination of germ-line (micronuclear) DNA sequences. The timing and mechanism of genome rearrangement within one particular 9.3-kilobase region, which contains three ...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.81.23.7383
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human chaperonin Hsp60 is thought to play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease by mitigating against intracellular β-amyloid stress. Here, we show that the bacterial homolog GroEL (51% sequence identity) reduces the neurotoxic effects of amyloid-β(1-42) (Aβ42) on human neural stem cell-derived neuronal...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.1817477115
更新日期:2018-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::Antibodies against an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C purified from bovine brain were used to screen rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA libraries. Complete sequences of three cDNA inserts yielded a cumulative sequence of 5106 base pairs. The deduced protein had 1289 amino acids with a calculated mole...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.85.15.5419
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selection is usually considered to be the dominant force controlling viral variation; the large population sizes suggest that deterministic population genetic models are appropriate. To investigate their validity for HIV, samples of env gene sequences were tested for departure from neutrality because of mutation-selec...
journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1862
更新日期:1997-03-04 00:00:00