Abstract：
:A connection between thunderstorms and the ionosphere has been hypothesized since the mid-1920s. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this connection, and evidence from modelling as well as various types of measurements demonstrate that lightning can interact with the lower ionosphere. It has been proposed, on the basis of a few observed events, that the ionospheric 'sporadic E' layer--transient, localized patches of relatively high electron density in the mid-ionosphere E layer, which significantly affect radio-wave propagation--can be modulated by thunderstorms, but a more formal statistical analysis is still needed. Here we identify a statistically significant intensification and descent in altitude of the mid-latitude sporadic E layer directly above thunderstorms. Because no ionospheric response to low-pressure systems without lightning is detected, we conclude that this localized intensification of the sporadic E layer can be attributed to lightning. We suggest that the co-location of lightning and ionospheric enhancement can be explained by either vertically propagating gravity waves that transfer energy from the site of lightning into the ionosphere, or vertical electrical discharge, or by a combination of these two mechanisms.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Davis CJ,Johnson CGdoi
10.1038/nature03638keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-09 00:00:00pages
799-801issue
7043eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature03638journal_volume
435pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:How to image objects that are hidden from a camera's view is a problem of fundamental importance to many fields of research, with applications in robotic vision, defence, remote sensing, medical imaging and autonomous vehicles. Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging at macroscopic scales has been demonstrated by scanning a ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25489
更新日期：2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulatory aspects of the Warnock Committee's report on reproductive technologies are summarized. A licensing authority with "substantial lay representation" would license practitioners and approve experimentation. Artificial insemination by donor would become a regulated service, and resulting children would be leg...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1038/310266b0
更新日期：1984-07-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges are to understand when evolution will occur and to identify potential evolutionary winners as well as losers, such as species lacking adaptive c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature09670
更新日期：2011-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantum mechanical experiments in ring geometries have long fascinated physicists. Open rings connected to leads, for example, allow the observation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, one of the best examples of quantum mechanical phase coherence. The phase coherence of electrons travelling through a quantum dot embedded in...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35101552
更新日期：2001-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The identical structure of two racially distinct alpha 1-globin alleles and the high degree of homology between the alpha 1- and alpha 2-globin loci indicate that mechanisms exist for suppression of allelic polymorphisms and for exchange of genetic information within the alpha-globin gene complex. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/290026a0
更新日期：1981-03-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery that the primary transcripts of many genes are processed to produce more than one kind of messenger RNA focuses attention on the control of RNA processing as a developmental regulatory mechanism. In the fruit-fly Drosophila melanogaster, differential splicing of a hierarchy of regulatory genes determines...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/340521a0
更新日期：1989-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:The mammalian microbiome has many important roles in health and disease, and genetic engineering is enabling the development of microbial therapeutics and diagnostics. A key determinant of the activity of both natural and engineered microorganisms in vivo is their location within the host organism. However, existing m...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature25021
更新日期：2018-01-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The assimilation and mineralization of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by marine bacterioplankton is a major process in the ocean carbon cycle. However, little information exists on the specific metabolic functions of participating bacteria and on whether individual taxa specialize on particular components of the marin...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06513
更新日期：2008-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10295
更新日期：2011-08-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Oscillations in cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity drive the somatic cell cycle. After entry into mitosis, CDKs activate the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which then promotes cyclin degradation and mitotic exit. The re-accumulation of cyclin A causes the inactivation of APC and entry into S phase, but how cycl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03023
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:During early mammalian development, as the pluripotent cells that give rise to all of the tissues of the body proliferate and expand in number, they pass through transition states marked by a stepwise restriction in developmental potential and by changes in the expression of key regulatory genes. Recent findings show ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature09228
更新日期：2010-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Capacitors are a mainstay of electronic integrated circuits and devices, where they perform essential functions such as storing electrical charge, and blocking direct current while allowing alternating currents to propagate. Because they are often the largest components in circuits, extensive efforts are directed at r...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05148
更新日期：2006-10-12 00:00:00
abstract：:The recruitment model for gene activation stipulates that an activator works by bringing the transcriptional machinery to the DNA. Recent experiments in bacteria and yeast indicate that many genes can be activated by this mechanism. These findings have implications for our understanding of the nature of activating reg...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/386569a0
更新日期：1997-04-10 00:00:00
abstract：:ATP is the dominant energy source in animals for mechanical and electrical work (for example, muscle contraction or neuronal firing). For chemical work, there is an equally important role for NADPH, which powers redox defence and reductive biosynthesis. The most direct route to produce NADPH from glucose is the oxidat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13236
更新日期：2014-06-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex is expensive. A population of females that reproduce asexually should prima facie have twice the growth rate of an otherwise equivalent anisogamous sexual population lacking paternal care, or a population with modes of paternal care that can be co-opted by parthenogenetic females. The two leading theories for the ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35079578
更新日期：2001-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Complex-oxide materials exhibit a vast range of functional properties desirable for next-generation electronic, spintronic, magnetoelectric, neuromorphic, and energy conversion storage devices1-4. Their physical functionalities can be coupled by stacking layers of such materials to create heterostructures and can be f...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-1939-z
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no consensus on whether climate change has yet affected the statistics of tropical cyclones, owing to their large natural variability and the limited period of consistent observations. In addition, projections of future tropical cyclone activity are uncertain, because they often rely on coarse-resolution clim...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0673-2
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neuronal structure and connectivity underlying receptive field organisation of cells in the cat visual cortex have been investigated. Intracellular recordings were made using a micropipette filled with a histochemical marker, which was injected into the cells after their receptive fields had been characterised. Th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/280120a0
更新日期：1979-07-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Neutrophils activated by the formyl peptide f-Met-Leu-Phe transiently accumulate a small subset of highly polar inositol lipids. A similar family of lipids also appear in many other cells in response to a range of growth factors and activated oncogenes, and are presumed to be the direct or indirect products of 3-phosp...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/351033a0
更新日期：1991-05-02 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that is essential for various developmental processes through regulating gene expression, genomic imprinting, and epigenetic inheritance. Mammalian genomic DNA methylation is established during embryogenesis by de novo DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B, a...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13899
更新日期：2015-01-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the very rapid two-step dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical (O-2) to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through the alternate reduction and oxidation of the active-site copper. We report here that after refitting and further refinement of the previous 2 A s...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/306284a0
更新日期：1983-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Whether or not the Large Hadron Collider reveals the long-awaited Higgs particle, it is likely to lead to discoveries that add to, or challenge, the standard model of particle physics. Data produced will be pored over for any evidence of supersymmetric partners for the existing denizens of the particle 'zoo' and for t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06079
更新日期：2007-07-19 00:00:00
abstract：:An amino acid sequence analysis of the N-terminal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain variable regions (VH and VL) from 16 hybridoma proteins which bind phosphorylcholine as well as the complete sequence analysis of 9 of these VH regions is presented. There seem to be more VH regions participating in the phosphorylch...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/291029a0
更新日期：1981-05-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory formation is a multi-stage process that initially requires cellular consolidation in the hippocampus, after which memories are downloaded to the cortex for maintenance, in a process termed systems consolidation. Epigenetic mechanisms regulate both types of consolidation, but histone variant exchange, in which c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13707
更新日期：2014-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Variation in ways in which proteins can identify and lock on to genes due for transcription is illuminated by studies of the Arc repressor, which has a beta-sheet, rather than alpha-helical, recognition motif. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/368082a0
更新日期：1994-03-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The generation of a double-strand break in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome is a potentially catastrophic event that can induce cell-cycle arrest or ultimately result in loss of cell viability. The repair of such lesions is strongly dependent on proteins encoded by the RAD52 epistasis group of genes (RAD50-55, RAD5...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/34950
更新日期：1998-01-22 00:00:00
abstract：:In cardiac muscle, where Ca2+ influx across the sarcolemma is essential for contraction, the dihydropyridine (DHP)-sensitive L-type calcium channel represents the major entry pathway of extracellular Ca2+. We have previously elucidated the primary structure of the rabbit skeletal muscle DHP receptor by cloning and seq...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/340230a0
更新日期：1989-07-20 00:00:00
abstract：:A high degree of polymorphism for the length and copy number of rDNA spacers, in both the X and Y chromosome clusters, has been found in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster. The genetic behaviour of rDNA structural variants in separate and mixed populations derived from isofemale lines suggest that they are n...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/295564a0
更新日期：1982-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The mariner transposable element is a small member of the short inverted terminal repeat class thought to transpose through a DNA intermediate. Originally described in Drosophila mauritiana, it is now known in several species of the family Drosophilidae, and in a moth Hyalophora cecropia. Here I use primers designed t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/362241a0
更新日期：1993-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:A plasmalemmal Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange mechanism is an important electrogenic determinant of contractility in cardiac cells. As in other cell types, calcium influx by Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange is secondarily activated by cytoplasmic calcium and probably ATP, but these modulatory mechanisms are either absent or altered in isolat...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/344242a0
更新日期：1990-03-15 00:00:00
