Changing education, changing assessment, changing research?

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:In medical education, assessment of medical competence and performance, important changes have taken place in the last 5 decades. These changes have affected the basic concepts in all 3 domains. DEVELOPMENTS IN EDUCATION AND ASSESSMENT:In education constructivism has provided a completely new view on how students learn best. In assessment the change from trait-orientated to competency- or role-orientated thinking has given rise to a whole range of new approaches. Certain methods of education, such as problem-based learning (PBL), and assessment, however, are often seen as almost synonymous with the underlying concepts, and one tends to forget that it is the concept that is important and that a particular method is but 1 way of using a concept. When doing this, one runs the risk of confusing means and ends, which may hamper or slow down new developments. LESSONS FOR RESEARCH:A similar problem seems to occur often in research of medical education. Here too, methods--or, rather, methodologies--are confused with research questions. This may lead to an overemphasis on research that fits well known methodologies (e.g. the randomised controlled trial) and neglect of what are sometimes even more important research questions because they do not fit well known methodologies. CONCLUSION:In this paper we advocate a return to the underlying concepts and a careful reflection of their use in various situations.

journal_name

Med Educ

journal_title

Medical education

authors

Schuwirth LW,van der Vleuten CP

doi

10.1111/j.1365-2929.2004.01851.x

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2004-08-01 00:00:00

pages

805-12

issue

8

eissn

0308-0110

issn

1365-2923

pii

MED1851

journal_volume

38

pub_type

杂志文章
  • The superiority of three-dimensional physical models to two-dimensional computer presentations in anatomy learning.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although several studies (Anat Sci Educ, 8 [6], 525, 2015) have shown that computer-based anatomy programs (three-dimensional visualisation technology [3DVT]) are inferior to ordinary physical models (PMs), the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we explored three mechanisms: haptic feedback, transfer-app...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/medu.13683

    authors: Wainman B,Wolak L,Pukas G,Zheng E,Norman GR

    更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00

  • Teaching problem-solving and clinical reasoning: 20 years experience with video-supported small-group learning.

    abstract::In the context of a curriculum reform the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Leuven, Belgium, introduced a new teaching project: video-supported small-group learning on problem-solving and clinical reasoning. The aim of this study is to reflect 20 years experience. The video-supported sessions for sixth-year med...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00219.x

    authors: Dequeker J,Jaspaert R

    更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00

  • Supporting Pre-registration House Officers: the needs of educational supervisors of the first phase of postgraduate medical education.

    abstract::The GMC's publications The New Doctor (GMC 1997) outlines an approach for the education of Pre-registration House Officers using designated educational supervisors. In order to establish appropriate means of training consultants to undertake this role, the Centre for Postgraduate and Continuing Medical Education at th...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1998.00209.x

    authors: Challis M,Williams J,Batstone G

    更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00

  • Perceptions of how well graduates are prepared for the role of pre-registration house officer: a comparison of outcomes from a traditional and an integrated PBL curriculum.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Most medical schools in the UK have been engaged in major curriculum reform based on their premises of what might improve undergraduate medical education. In 1994 the course at the medical school of the University of Manchester changed to an integrated course using problem-based learning throughout and wit...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01105.x

    authors: Jones A,McArdle PJ,O'Neill PA

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Identifying coaching skills to improve feedback use in postgraduate medical education.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Coaching in medical education has recently gained prominence, but minimal attention has been given to key skills and determining how they work to effectively ensure residents are progressing and developing self-assessment skills. This study examined process-oriented and content-oriented coaching skills used ...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/medu.13818

    authors: Armson H,Lockyer JM,Zetkulic M,Könings KD,Sargeant J

    更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00

  • Medical electives in sub-Saharan Africa: a host perspective.

    abstract:CONTEXT:Electives are part of most Western medical school curricula. It is estimated that each year 3000-4000 undergraduate medical students from the UK alone undertake an elective in a developing country. The impact of these electives has given some cause for concern, but the views of elective hosts are largely missin...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/medu.12727

    authors: Kumwenda B,Dowell J,Daniels K,Merrylees N

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Project work in the medical curriculum.

    abstract::This paper outlines one component, the project, which in 4 years became an integral part of the Human Ecology course at the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Glasgow. Although it is to be retained in some form, it would seem that the full potential of the device for medical undergraduates has not b...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1984.tb01012.x

    authors: Craddock MJ

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00

  • Linked tutorial teaching by teleconference and videocassette.

    abstract::A system for linked tutorial teaching involving several groups of students at different locations has been introduced successfully into the teaching resources of the University of Wales College of Medicine. It utilizes standard telephone equipment supplemented by specially prepared videocassette material. The results ...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1985.tb01344.x

    authors: Hibbard BM,Marshall RJ,Evans RW,Duthie HL

    更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00

  • Teaching X-ray interpretation: selecting the radiographs by the target population.

    abstract:CONTEXT:The unbiased selection of images representing a spectrum of diagnostic difficulty is an important first step in designing effective assessment and teaching interventions for X-ray interpretation. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to develop a scale that would reliably differentiate more difficult X-rays from those t...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03311.x

    authors: Boutis K,Pecaric M,Pusic M

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • In search of educational efficiency: 30 years of Medical Education's top-cited articles.

    abstract:CONTEXT:Academic journals represent shared spaces wherein the significance of thematic areas, methodologies and paradigms are debated and shaped through collective engagement. By studying journals in their historical and cultural contexts, the academic community can gain insight into the ways in which authors and audie...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/medu.13349

    authors: Rangel JC,Cartmill C,Martimianakis MA,Kuper A,Whitehead CR

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Rater cognition: review and integration of research findings.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the complexity of competency frameworks, associated skills and abilities, and contexts in which they are to be assessed in competency-based education (CBE), there is an increased reliance on rater judgements when considering trainee performance. This increased dependence on rater-based assessment has l...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/medu.12973

    authors: Gauthier G,St-Onge C,Tavares W

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • A systematic review of assessment and intervention strategies for effective clinical communication in culturally and linguistically diverse students.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) students often experience difficulties with the clinical communication skills that are essential for successful interactions in the workplace. However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of assessment and intervention strategies for this population. The ...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/medu.13117

    authors: Chan A,Purcell A,Power E

    更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00

  • Portfolio-based learning: continuing medical education for general practitioners--a mid-point evaluation.

    abstract::In October 1994 a project was initiated by the General Practice Continuing Medical Education Tutors in the Department of General Practice at Sheffield University. The project sought to evaluate the efficiency (effort expended) and effectiveness (distance travelled) of a model of continuing professional development for...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1997.tb00038.x

    authors: Challis M,Mathers NJ,Howe AC,Field NJ

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • The use of the nominal group technique as an evaluative tool in medical undergraduate education.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:In the present state of flux affecting UK medical undergraduate education, there is a pressing need for evaluative methods which will identify relevant outcomes both expected and unanticipated. The student perspective is now legitimately accepted to form part of any evaluative exercise but qualitative method...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.1999.00288.x

    authors: Lloyd-Jones G,Fowell S,Bligh JG

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Developing medical student competence in lifelong learning: the contract learning approach.

    abstract::How contract learning may be used in the introduction to clinical medicine is described, with the goal to develop and enhance self-directed learning skills and attitudes of first- and second-year medical students. Essential tasks associated with successful self-directed learning are cited, and the contract method is d...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1983.tb01458.x

    authors: Fox RD,West RF

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • Issues of intervention aimed at preventing prospective surplus of physicians in Japan.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:In Japan, regulatory intervention aimed at preventing a prospective surplus of physicians is an important medical issue. The study committees organized by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MHW) in 1986, 1993 and 1998, concluded that the number of physicians would exceed demand for their services in the fut...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00937.x

    authors: Asano N,Kobayashi Y,Kano K

    更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00

  • Who are the providers of postgraduate medical education?

    abstract::The view, background and motivation of providers of medical education was studied using a structured questionnaire which was sent to all those who organized courses for the Postgraduate Education Allowance in the West of Scotland. Two hundred and twenty-five replies were received from 254 course providers, giving an 8...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00300.x

    authors: Kelly MH,Murray TS

    更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00

  • Understanding the impact of simulated patients on health care learners' communication skills: a systematic review.

    abstract:CONTEXT:Effective communication skills are at the core of good health care. Simulated patients (SPs) are increasingly engaged as an interactive means of teaching, applying and practising communication skills with immediate feedback. There is a large body of research into the use of manikin-based simulation but a gap ex...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1111/medu.13387

    authors: Kaplonyi J,Bowles KA,Nestel D,Kiegaldie D,Maloney S,Haines T,Williams C

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of directed and self-directed learning in evidence-based medicine: a randomised controlled trial.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare 2 educational programmes for teaching evidence-based medicine (EBM). DESIGN:Prospective randomised controlled trial accompanied by a qualitative evaluation. SETTING:University of Oslo, Norway, 2002-03. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 175 students entered the study. All tenth semester medical students f...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2929.2005.02268.x

    authors: Bradley P,Oterholt C,Herrin J,Nordheim L,Bjørndal A

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • What advice is given to newly qualified doctors on Twitter? An analysis of #TipsForNewDocs tweets.

    abstract:CONTEXT:Twitter is a social media platform on which users post very brief messages that can be rapidly communicated across wide geographical areas and audiences. Many doctors use Twitter for personal as well as professional communications and networking. The #TipsForNewDocs hashtag is used on Twitter to give advice to ...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/medu.13589

    authors: Rashid MA,McKechnie D,Gill D

    更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00

  • Publication pattern of medical theses, France, 1993-98.

    abstract:CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE:In many countries, medical training must be completed by presentation of a thesis. We report publication patterns of French medical theses. MATERIALS:We drew a random sample of theses presented in the 36 French medical universities between 1 January 1993 and 31 December 1997. The sample was strat...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00768.x

    authors: Salmi LR,Gana S,Mouillet E

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Characteristics of graduating medical students who were matched and unmatched to hospital training posts.

    abstract::The purpose of this paper is to examine similarities and differences between graduating medical students who do and do not match through the National Internship and Resident Matching Programme (NIRMP). Data from graduates of 3- and 4-year undergraduate curricula were examined separately. A two way analysis of variance...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1979.tb01530.x

    authors: Garrard J

    更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00

  • A preliminary study of the impact of a handover cognitive aid on clinical reasoning and information transfer.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess the impact of a written cognitive aid on expressed clinical reasoning and quantity and the accuracy of information transfer during resident doctor handover. METHODS:This study was a randomised controlled trial in an academic paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of 20 handover events (10 events pe...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1111/medu.12212

    authors: Weiss MJ,Bhanji F,Fontela PS,Razack SI

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • Beyond summative decision making: Illuminating the broader roles of competence committees.

    abstract:CONTEXT:Although competence committees (CCs) are most often conceptualised as group decision-making bodies, policy documents forward a more ambitious vision and outline several additional roles for CCs that support the continuous quality improvement of education programmes and promote formative feedback. However, wheth...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/medu.14072

    authors: Pack R,Lingard L,Watling C,Cristancho S

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • The rating of pre-clerkship examination questions by postgraduate medical students: an assessment of quality and relevancy to medical practice.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether postgraduate students are able to assess the quality of undergraduate medical examinations and to establish whether faculty can use their results to troubleshoot the curriculum in terms of its content and evaluation. SUBJECTS:First and second year family medicine postgraduate students. ...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01403.x

    authors: Harris JA,Heneghan HC,McKay DW

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • The impact of cueing on written examinations of clinical decision making: a case study.

    abstract:CONTEXT:Selected-response (SR) formats (e.g. multiple-choice questions) and constructed-response (CR) formats (e.g. short-answer questions) are commonly used to test the knowledge of examinees. Scores on SR formats are typically higher than scores on CR formats. This difference is often attributed to examinees being cu...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/medu.12296

    authors: Desjardins I,Touchie C,Pugh D,Wood TJ,Humphrey-Murto S

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Medical teaching of the cultural aspects of ethnic minorities: does it exist?

    abstract::The development of published material relating to the practice of medicine in multiracial and multicultural Britain is briefly reviewed. The utilization of such information in English medical schools is found to be absent or at a low level of priority. A more detailed study of one region demonstrates that junior hospi...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01388.x

    authors: Poulton J,Rylance GW,Johnson MR

    更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00

  • Medical students' attitudes towards and perception of the basic sciences: a comparison between students in the old and the new curriculum at the University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The attitudes towards the basic sciences of medical students enrolled in either of 2 different curricula at the University of Utrecht Medical School in The Netherlands were investigated. The purpose of this study was threefold: first, to compare students (beginning clerks) in a conventional and an innovative...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1046/j.1365-2923.2002.01371.x

    authors: Custers EJ,Cate OT

    更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00

  • Medical specialization in Europe: the way forward. Promotion of educational quality.

    abstract::The medical specialties are being intensively reconsidered in the countries of Europe. The important need is for promoting improvement of educational training programmes. Evaluation and improvement of specialist training programmes is the priority and not the setting up of qualifying examinations. The first necessity ...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1993.tb00274.x

    authors: Karle H,Nystrup J,Walton H

    更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00

  • Student expectations and personal perceptions as an approach to course evaluation.

    abstract::Evaluation of courses tends to emphasize individual teacher behaviour and/or student reaction to the course. To avoid this approach a technique to determine student expectations and the degree to which the expectations were or were not met by the course was used. In addition, student perceptions of laboratory teaching...

    journal_title:Medical education

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.1986.tb01173.x

    authors: Rosinski EF,Hill PM

    更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00