Crystal structure of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin protease in a product-bound state: Evidence for noncanonical zinc protease activity.

abstract：:Apoptosis has been shown to be a significant form of cell loss in many diseases. Detachment of photoreceptors from the retinal pigment epithelium, as seen in various retinal disorders, causes photoreceptor loss and subsequent vision decline. Although caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways are activated after retinal det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trichonas G,Murakami Y,Thanos A,Morizane Y,Kayama M,Debouck CM,Hisatomi T,Miller JW,Vavvas DG

更新日期：2010-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The notion of stability of a local ring arises naturally in investigating completed moduli spaces via geometric invariant theory. A scheme corresponding to a boundary point of a moduli space of nonsingular varieties cannot have unstable singular points. This paper reports some results concerning the stability of surfa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shah J

更新日期：1978-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 0.5 microM and above) stimulated the synthesis of prostacyclin (as measured by radioimmunoassay of 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha) by bovine aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. This effect was structurally specific; a similar response was not elicited by the other indoles (tryptophan, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coughlin SR,Moskowitz MA,Antoniades HN,Levine L

更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A genomic clone of one member of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14) gene family (AT-ACC1) was isolated and sequenced. A region of homology was found in the 5'-untranslated region with the promoter of a z...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van der Straeten D,Rodrigues-Pousada RA,Villarroel R,Hanley S,Goodman HM,Van Montagu M

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cereal agriculture originated with the domestication of barley and early forms of wheat in the Fertile Crescent. There has long been speculation that barley was domesticated more than once. We use differences in haplotype frequency among geographic regions at multiple loci to infer at least two domestications of barle...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morrell PL,Clegg MT

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Foreign DNA molecules and chromosomal fragments are generally eliminated from proliferating cells, but we know little about how mammalian cells prevent their propagation. Here, we show that dividing human and canine cells partition transfected plasmid DNA asymmetrically, preferentially into the daughter cell harboring...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang X,Le N,Denoth-Lippuner A,Barral Y,Kroschewski R

更新日期：2016-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungi that are resistant or sensitive to the singlet oxygen-generating toxin cercosporin were assayed for their ability to detoxify it by reduction. Cercosporin reduction was assayed microscopically by using bandpass filters to differentiate between fluorescence emission from cercosporin and reduced cercosporin. Hypha...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Daub ME,Leisman GB,Clark RA,Bowden EF

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Human tuberculosis is caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) that vary in virulence and transmissibility. While genome-wide association studies have uncovered several mutations conferring drug resistance, much less is known about the factors underlying other bacterial phenotypes. Variation ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Øyås O,Borrell S,Trauner A,Zimmermann M,Feldmann J,Liphardt T,Gagneux S,Stelling J,Sauer U,Zampieri M

更新日期：2020-04-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned a murine cDNA encoding a tyrosine kinase receptor with about 90% similarity to the chicken fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor and the human fms-like gene (FLG) tyrosine kinase. This mouse receptor lacks 88 amino acids in the extracellular portion, leaving only two immunoglobulin-like domains compar...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mansukhani A,Moscatelli D,Talarico D,Levytska V,Basilico C

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The extensive intratumor heterogeneity revealed by sequencing cancer genomes is an essential determinant of tumor progression, diagnosis, and treatment. What maintains heterogeneity remains an open question because competition within a tumor leads to a strong selection for the fittest subclone. Cancer cells also coope...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Archetti M,Ferraro DA,Christofori G

更新日期：2015-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In the troposphere, methanol (CH3OH) is present ubiquitously and second in abundance among organic gases after methane. In the surface ocean, methanol represents a supply of energy and carbon for marine microbes. Here we report direct measurements of air-sea methanol transfer along a ∼10,000-km north-south transect of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang M,Nightingale PD,Beale R,Liss PS,Blomquist B,Fairall C

更新日期：2013-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently identified a family of rhesus monkeys with members exhibiting a spontaneous hypercholesterolemia associated with a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) deficiency. By using the polymerase chain reaction, we now show that the affected monkeys are heterozygous for a nonsense mutation in exon 6 of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hummel M,Li ZG,Pfaffinger D,Neven L,Scanu AM

更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two differentiation antigens of spermatogenesis in the mouse are defined by monoclonal antibodies from hybridomas produced between the myeloma P3-X63Ag8 and spleen lymphocytes immunized with syngeneic testis cells. These antigens are on testis cells, and not liver, kidney, brain, spleen, or whole ovary. They are speci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bechtol KB,Brown SC,Kennett RH

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary cultures of differentiated liver cells from fetal rats respond to serum from partially hepatectomized rats by an increased uptake of [(3)H]thymidine and [(3)H]leucine as compared with cultures incubated with normal rat serum. These findings are discussed in relation to the mechanism of induction of DNA synthes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paul D,Leffert H,Sato G,Holley RW

更新日期：1972-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Asexual freshwater planarians reproduce by tearing themselves into two pieces by a process called binary fission. The resulting head and tail pieces regenerate within about a week, forming two new worms. Understanding this process of ripping oneself into two parts poses a challenging biomechanical problem. Because pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malinowski PT,Cochet-Escartin O,Kaj KJ,Ronan E,Groisman A,Diamond PH,Collins ES

更新日期：2017-10-10 00:00:00

abstract：:For a number of viruses, oligomerization is a critical component of envelope processing and surface expression. Previously, we reported that a synthetic peptide (DP-107) corresponding to the putative leucine zipper region (aa 553-590) of the transmembrane protein (gp41) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wild C,Dubay JW,Greenwell T,Baird T Jr,Oas TG,McDanal C,Hunter E,Matthews T

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of protein subunit vaccines to combat some of the world's deadliest pathogens such as a malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, is stalled, due in part to the inability to induce and sustain high-titer antibody responses. Here, we show the induction of persistent, high-titer antibody responses to reco...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu Y,Przysiecki C,Flanagan E,Bello-Irizarry SN,Ionescu R,Muratova O,Dobrescu G,Lambert L,Keister D,Rippeon Y,Long CA,Shi L,Caulfield M,Shaw A,Saul A,Shiver J,Miller LH

更新日期：2006-11-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In nine patients with GM1 gangliosidosis, liver ganglioside GM1 beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) activity ranged from less than 0.01% to 0.05% of normal. In a tenth patient's liver, much higher activity was found (0.5% of normal). In this patient the residual enzyme had the same molecular weight as beta-galactosidase ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Norden AG,O'Brien JS

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:By using a simplified model of small open liquid-like clusters with surface effects, in the gas phase, it is shown how the statistical thermodynamics of small systems can be extended to include metastable supersaturated gaseous states not too far from the gas-liquid equilibrium transition point. To accomplish this, on...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill TL,Chamberlin RV

更新日期：1998-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:We have selected from a mixture of random polynucleotides an RNA that is able to replicate in the presence of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli, provided the medium contains Mn(2+) and ITP, in addition to ATP, CTP, and UTP. The RNA consists of a chain of about 125 (+/-25) nucleotides and appears to ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Biebricher CK,Orgel LE

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK1) is an effector of both Ras/MEK/MAPK and PI3K/PDK1 pathways. We present evidence that RSK1 drives p27 phosphorylation at T198 to increase RhoA-p27 binding and cell motility. RSK1 activation and p27pT198 both increase in early G(1). As for many kinase-substrate pairs, cellular RSK1 copreci...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larrea MD,Hong F,Wander SA,da Silva TG,Helfman D,Lannigan D,Smith JA,Slingerland JM

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A preparative two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel system was used to separate and purify the major Coomassie blue-stained proteins from the isolated rat liver nuclear matrix. Approximately 12 major proteins were consistently found. Of these, 5 proteins represented identified proteins, including nuclear lamins A, B, and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakayasu H,Berezney R

更新日期：1991-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The pancreatic beta cell can respond in the long term to hyperglycemia both with an increased capacity for insulin production and, in susceptible individuals, with apoptosis. When glucose-induced apoptosis offsets the increasing beta cell capacity, type 2 diabetes results. Here, we tested the idea that the pathway of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu K,Paterson AJ,Chin E,Kudlow JE

更新日期：2000-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The seventh cholera pandemic caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor (ET) has been superseded in Asia and Africa by altered ET possessing the cholera toxin (CTX) gene of classical (CL) biotype. The CL biotype of V. cholerae was isolated, along with prototypic and altered ET, during the 1991 cholera epidemic in Mexico and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alam M,Rashed SM,Mannan SB,Islam T,Lizarraga-Partida ML,Delgado G,Morales-Espinosa R,Mendez JL,Navarro A,Watanabe H,Ohnishi M,Hasan NA,Huq A,Sack RB,Colwell RR,Cravioto A

更新日期：2014-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The values of the moment of inertia of the ground-state band of (168)Hf from J = 0(+) to 22(+) are interpreted as involving a revolving cluster with composition increasing steadily from p(10.5)n(14) to p(20.5)n(24), with radius of revolution 6.390 fm. The excited bands from 14(+) to 34(+), 21(-) to 33(-), and 18(-) to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pauling L

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonenzymatic manganese was first shown to provide protection against superoxide toxicity in vivo in 1981, but the chemical mechanism responsible for this protection subsequently became controversial due to conflicting reports concerning the ability of Mn to catalyze superoxide disproportionation in vitro. In a recent ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barnese K,Gralla EB,Valentine JS,Cabelli DE

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prognosis for adults with precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains poor, in part from a lack of therapeutic targets. We identified the type I cytokine receptor subunit CRLF2 in a functional screen for B-ALL-derived mRNA transcripts that can substitute for IL3 signaling. We demonstrate that CRL...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yoda A,Yoda Y,Chiaretti S,Bar-Natan M,Mani K,Rodig SJ,West N,Xiao Y,Brown JR,Mitsiades C,Sattler M,Kutok JL,DeAngelo DJ,Wadleigh M,Piciocchi A,Dal Cin P,Bradner JE,Griffin JD,Anderson KC,Stone RM,Ritz J,Foà R,

更新日期：2010-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a central trafficking hub where secretory, vacuolar, recycling, and endocytic pathways merge. Among currently known molecular players involved in TGN transport, three different adaptor protein (AP) complexes promote vesicle generation at the TGN with different cargo specificity a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heinze L,Freimuth N,Rößling AK,Hahnke R,Riebschläger S,Fröhlich A,Sampathkumar A,McFarlane HE,Sauer M

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidation of genomic DNA forms the guanine lesion 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). When in the template base position during DNA synthesis the 8-oxoG lesion has dual coding potential by virtue of its anti- and syn-conformations, base pairing with cytosine and adenine, respectively. This impacts mutagenesis, because ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Batra VK,Shock DD,Beard WA,McKenna CE,Wilson SH

更新日期：2012-01-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Human capabilities in manipulating many different tools with dexterity suggest modular neural organization at functional levels, but anatomical modularity underlying the capabilities has yet to be demonstrated. Although modularity in phylogenetically older parts of the cerebellum is well known, comparable modularity i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Imamizu H,Kuroda T,Miyauchi S,Yoshioka T,Kawato M

更新日期：2003-04-29 00:00:00