Extension of the thermodynamics of small systems to open metastable states: an example.

abstract：:We present a unique proxy for the reconstruction of variation in precipitation over the Amazon: oxygen isotope ratios in annual rings in tropical cedar (Cedrela odorata). A century-long record from northern Bolivia shows that tree rings preserve the signal of oxygen isotopes in precipitation during the wet season, wit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brienen RJ,Helle G,Pons TL,Guyot JL,Gloor M

更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro occurs on a linearized plasmid DNA containing 3,327 base pairs of the adenovirus terminal sequence. Various deletions have been constructed in the plasmid DNA and their template activities examined. Deletions from an internal restriction enzyme cleavage site that retai...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tamanoi F,Stillman BW

更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mpemba effect occurs when a hot system cools faster than an initially colder one, when both are refrigerated in the same thermal reservoir. Using the custom-built supercomputer Janus II, we study the Mpemba effect in spin glasses and show that it is a nonequilibrium process, governed by the coherence length ξ of t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Baity-Jesi M,Calore E,Cruz A,Fernandez LA,Gil-Narvión JM,Gordillo-Guerrero A,Iñiguez D,Lasanta A,Maiorano A,Marinari E,Martin-Mayor V,Moreno-Gordo J,Muñoz Sudupe A,Navarro D,Parisi G,Perez-Gaviro S,Ricci-Tersenghi F,Rui

更新日期：2019-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo production of frameshift and base-substitution mutations predicted as a consequence of the metabolic processing of misaligned quasipalindromic DNA sequences has been confirmed. Spontaneous frameshift mutations of the T4 rII gene that had been genetically mapped to quasipalindromic DNA sequences were sequen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Boer JG,Ripley LS

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative stress is known to cause tumorigenesis through induction of DNA and lipid damage. It also promotes cancer progression through a largely unknown mechanism. Sulfiredoxin (Srx) is a novel oxidative stress-induced antioxidant protein whose function in tumorigenesis and cancer progression has not been well studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wei Q,Jiang H,Xiao Z,Baker A,Young MR,Veenstra TD,Colburn NH

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:We introduce a new genetic distance for microsatellite loci, incorporating features of the stepwise mutation model, and test its performance on microsatellite polymorphisms in humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas. We find that it performs well in determining the relations among the primates, but less well than other dist...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Goldstein DB,Ruiz Linares A,Cavalli-Sforza LL,Feldman MW

更新日期：1995-07-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The template for transcription and replication of negative-stranded RNA viruses is a ribonucleoprotein structure, the nucleocapsid. We have developed a system that supports assembly of the negative-stranded RNA genome of a defective interfering (DI) particle of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) into a nucleocapsid in v...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mirakhur B,Peluso RW

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD11c, also known as integrin alpha X, is the most widely used defining marker for dendritic cells (DCs). CD11c can bind complement iC3b and mediate phagocytosis in vitro, for which it is also referred to as complement receptor 4. However, the functions of this prominent marker protein in DCs, especially in vivo, rema...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu J,Wu H,An J,Ballantyne CM,Cyster JG

更新日期：2018-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In December of 2015, the international community pledged to limit global warming to below 2 °C above preindustrial (PI) to prevent dangerous climate change. However, to what extent, and for whom, is danger avoided if this ambitious target is realized? We address these questions by scrutinizing heat stress, because the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Matthews TK,Wilby RL,Murphy C

更新日期：2017-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:This article briefly summarizes the research activities in the field of hydrogen storage in sorbent materials and reports our recent works and future directions for the design of such materials. Distinct features of sorption-based hydrogen storage methods are described compared with metal hydrides and complex chemical...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Park N,Choi K,Hwang J,Kim DW,Kim DO,Ihm J

更新日期：2012-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:How colloidal particles interact with each other is one of the key issues that determines our ability to interpret experimental results for phase transitions in colloidal dispersions and our ability to apply colloid science to various industrial processes. The long-accepted theories for answering this question have be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu J,Bratko D,Prausnitz JM

更新日期：1998-12-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 is the preferred substrate of the oligosaccharyltransferase of N-linked glycosylation of proteins, but nonglucosylated oligosaccharides can be transferred to proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutations affecting the addition of the three terminal glucose residues lead to accumulation of Man9GlcNAc2...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stagljar I,te Heesen S,Aebi M

更新日期：1994-06-21 00:00:00

abstract：:An RNA-directed DNA polymerase was isolated from the peripheral blood leukocytes of a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia by successive purification of a particulate cytoplasmic fraction with endogenous, ribonuclease-sensitive DNA polymerase activity. Like RNA-directed DNA polymerase from mammalian type-C virus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gallagher RE,Todaro GJ,Smith RG,Livingston DM,Gallo RC

更新日期：1974-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although many types of ancient bacteria and archea rely on hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) for their energy production, eukaryotes generate ATP in an oxygen-dependent fashion. We hypothesize that endogenous H(2)S remains a regulator of energy production in mammalian cells under stress conditions, which enables the body to co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fu M,Zhang W,Wu L,Yang G,Li H,Wang R

更新日期：2012-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the transport sector is responsible for a large and growing share of global emissions affecting climate, its overall contribution has not been quantified. We provide a comprehensive analysis of radiative forcing from the road transport, shipping, aviation, and rail subsectors, using both past- and forward-loo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fuglestvedt J,Berntsen T,Myhre G,Rypdal K,Skeie RB

更新日期：2008-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Developing tools for investigating the cellular activity of glycans will help to delineate the molecular basis for aberrant glycosylation in pathological processes such as cancer. Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering, which inserts sugar-reporting groups into cellular glycoconjugates, represents a powerful method for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu TL,Hanson SR,Kishikawa K,Wang SK,Sawa M,Wong CH

更新日期：2007-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Polymorphonuclear leukocytes isolated from chicken peritoneal exudates have been found to catalyze cyanide-insensitive stimulation of respiration and the hexose monophosphate shunt upon exposure to heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. However, there was no demonstrable formate oxidation concomitant with phagocytosi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Penniall R,Spitznagel JK

更新日期：1975-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a murine gene, metaxin, that spans the 6-kb interval separating the glucocerebrosidase gene (GC) from the thrombospondin 3 gene on chromosome 3E3-F1. Metaxin and GC are transcribed convergently; their major polyadenylylation sites are only 431 bp apart. On the other hand, metaxin and the thrombospon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bornstein P,McKinney CE,LaMarca ME,Winfield S,Shingu T,Devarayalu S,Vos HL,Ginns EI

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Physical activity increases energy metabolism in exercising muscle. Whether acute exercise elicits metabolic changes in nonexercising muscles remains unclear. We show that one of the few genes that is more highly induced in nonexercising muscle than in exercising human muscle during acute exercise encodes angiopoietin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Catoire M,Alex S,Paraskevopulos N,Mattijssen F,Evers-van Gogh I,Schaart G,Jeppesen J,Kneppers A,Mensink M,Voshol PJ,Olivecrona G,Tan NS,Hesselink MK,Berbée JF,Rensen PC,Kalkhoven E,Schrauwen P,Kersten S

更新日期：2014-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturition, lactation, appetite, and social behavior. We have shown that OXT has direct actions on the mammalian skeleton, stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and modulating the genesis and function of bone-resorbing osteocla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun L,Lizneva D,Ji Y,Colaianni G,Hadelia E,Gumerova A,Ievleva K,Kuo TC,Korkmaz F,Ryu V,Rahimova A,Gera S,Taneja C,Khan A,Ahmad N,Tamma R,Bian Z,Zallone A,Kim SM,New MI,Iqbal J,Yuen T,Zaidi M

更新日期：2019-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Representational difference analysis was used to search for pathogens in multiple sclerosis brains. We detected a 341-nucleotide fragment that was 99.4% identical to the major DNA binding protein gene of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). Examination of 86 brain specimens by PCR demonstrated that HHV-6 was present in > 70% ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Challoner PB,Smith KT,Parker JD,MacLeod DL,Coulter SN,Rose TM,Schultz ER,Bennett JL,Garber RL,Chang M

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the main differences between bacteria and archaea concerns their membrane composition. Whereas bacterial membranes are made up of glycerol-3-phosphate ester lipids, archaeal membranes are composed of glycerol-1-phosphate ether lipids. Here, we report the construction of a stable hybrid heterochiral membrane thr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caforio A,Siliakus MF,Exterkate M,Jain S,Jumde VR,Andringa RLH,Kengen SWM,Minnaard AJ,Driessen AJM,van der Oost J

更新日期：2018-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein kinase A (PKA) is activated during sympathetic stimulation of the heart and phosphorylates key proteins involved in cardiac Ca(2+) handling, including the L-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(V)1.2) and phospholamban (PLN). This results in acceleration and amplification of the beat-to-beat changes in cytosolic Ca(2+) in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones BW,Brunet S,Gilbert ML,Nichols CB,Su T,Westenbroek RE,Scott JD,Catterall WA,McKnight GS

更新日期：2012-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Type IV pili are thin filaments that extend from the poles of a diverse group of bacteria, enabling them to move at speeds of a few tenths of a micrometer per second. They are required for twitching motility, e.g., in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and for social gliding motility in Myxococcus xanth...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Skerker JM,Berg HC

更新日期：2001-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) is mainly localized and functions in the nucleus of latently infected cells, playing a pivotal role in the replication and maintenance of latent viral episomal DNA. In addition, N-terminally truncated cytoplasmic isoforms of LANA, resul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang G,Chan B,Samarina N,Abere B,Weidner-Glunde M,Buch A,Pich A,Brinkmann MM,Schulz TF

更新日期：2016-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Establishment of loss-of-function phenotypes is often a key step in determining the biological function of a gene. We describe a procedure to obtain mutant petunia plants in which a specific gene with known sequence is inactivated by the transposable element dTph1. Leaves are collected from batches of 1000 plants with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koes R,Souer E,van Houwelingen A,Mur L,Spelt C,Quattrocchio F,Wing J,Oppedijk B,Ahmed S,Maes T

更新日期：1995-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Attention allows animals to respond selectively to competing stimuli, enabling some stimuli to evoke a behavioral response while others are ignored. How the brain does this remains mysterious, although it is increasingly evident that even animals with the smallest brains display this capacity. For example, insects res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulk AC,Stacey JA,Pearson TW,Taylor GJ,Moore RJ,Srinivasan MV,van Swinderen B

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:mRNA coding for mouse major transplantation antigens of the d haplotype was partially purified, copied into double-stranded cDNA, and cloned in Escherichia coli. Clones were selected by their ability to hybridize specifically with mRNA coding for H-2K, D, or L antigens. One of these clones, pH-2d-1, carries a 1200-bas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kvist S,Bregegere F,Rask L,Cami B,Garoff H,Daniel F,Wiman K,Larhammar D,Abastado JP,Gachelin G,Peterson PA,Dobberstein B,Kourilsky P

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate [3H]phencyclidine ([3H]PCP)as a probe for the ionic channel of the nicotinic receptor, the characteristics of its binding to electric organ membranes od Torpedo ocellata and its effects on frog sartorius muscle were studied. Similar to PCP, [3H]PCP depressed the peak amplitude of endplate current, caused n...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eldefrawi ME,Eldefrawi AT,Aronstam RS,Maleque MA,Warnick JE,Albuquerque EX

更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The c-fos protooncogene is transcriptionally activated by a wide variety of agents including serum, growth factors, and phorbol esters. This induction is rapid and transient and is mediated through a number of identified promoter elements. Growth hormone (GH) is also known to induce transcription of c-fos in a variety...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer DJ,Stephenson EW,Johnson L,Cochran BH,Schwartz J

更新日期：1993-07-15 00:00:00