Abstract:
:Activation of glial cells has been proposed to contribute to neuronal dysfunction and neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we attempt to determine some of the effects of secreted factors from activated murine N-11 microglia on viability and morphology of neurons using the differentiated neuroblastoma cell line Neuro2a. Microglia were activated either by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bacterial cell wall proteoglycans, or advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), protein-bound sugar oxidation products. At high LPS or AGE concentrations, conditioned medium from microglia caused neuronal cell death in a dose-dependent manner. At sublethal LPS or AGE concentrations, conditioned media inhibited retinoic acid-induced neurite outgrowth and stimulated retraction of already extended neurites. Among the many possible secreted factors, the contribution of NO or NO metabolites in the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium was investigated. Cell death and changes in neurite morphology were partly reduced when NO production was inhibited by nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. The results suggest that even in the absence of significant cell death, inflammatory processes, which are partly transmitted via NO metabolites, may affect intrinsic functions of neurons such as neurite extension that are essential components of neuronal morphology and thus may contribute to degenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Münch G,Gasic-Milenkovic J,Dukic-Stefanovic S,Kuhla B,Heinrich K,Riederer P,Huttunen HJ,Founds H,Sajithlal Gdoi
10.1007/s00221-003-1389-5keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-05-01 00:00:00pages
1-8issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
150pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Our aim was to describe the differences in the presence of trigger points (TrPs) in the shoulder muscles and to investigate the presence of mechanical hypersensitivity in patients with unilateral shoulder impingement and healthy controls. Twelve patients with strictly unilateral shoulder impingement and 10 matched con...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2196-4
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dorsal horn neurons that express the neurokinin 1 receptor (NK-1R) play an important role in nociceptive processing. The targetting of NK-1R neurons by serotoninergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) axons would provide a straightforward means to exert an inhibitory analgesic effect at spinal level. This study used single ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2018-7
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fast cyclic movements and discrete motor acts are controlled differently, presumably because fast cyclic tasks are more automated, thereby depending on different circuits. If fast cyclic movements are made less predictable (e.g., by mixing frequencies), one would predict that their control will be less automated, requ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3686-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of unilateral vestibular deafferentation (UVD) on the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) was studied in 11 humans an average of 52 months following surgical UVD. Controls consisted of seven healthy age-matched subjects. The LVOR was evoked by directionally random, transient whole body interaural (heave) ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2089-5
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The short-latency electromyographic response evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (MEP) increases in size during fatigue, but the mechanisms are unclear. Because large changes occur in the muscle action potential, we tested whether changes in the response to stimulation of the peripheral motor nerve could fully...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050779
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to investigate the role of mental rotation in the directional control of eye movements, we instructed subjects to make saccades in directions different from that of a visual stimulus (rotated saccades). Saccadic latency increased linearly with the amount of directional transformation imposed between the stimu...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050765
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During cerebral neocortical development, excitatory neurons are generated from radial glial cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) or from secondary progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ); these neurons then migrate toward the pial surface. We have observed that post-mitotic neurons generated directly in the VZ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2933-3
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pieces of the developing cerebellar anlage were prepared from 13-15 day old rat embryos and transplanted to the cerebellar region of 5-7 and 13-14 day old rat pups. Approximately two months later, sections showed most grafts to consist of both cerebellar cortex, with a typical trilaminar organization, and white matter...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237288
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pedaling is widely used for rehabilitation of locomotion because it induces similar muscle activity to that observed during locomotion. However, no study has examined the effects of pedaling exercise on intracortical inhibition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of pedaling exercise on short-i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3026-7
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-consciously perceived arrow stimuli can speed up responses to similar stimuli that are shortly presented after a masked prime. Yet response facilitation may turn into a delay at particular intervals between masked primes and targets. In this case, the lateralized readiness potential, as a measure of the time cours...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0371-4
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain needs information about the size of the body to control our interactions with the environment. No receptor signals this information directly; the brain must determine body size from multiple sensory inputs and then store this information. This process is poorly understood, but somatosensory information is th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-015-4249-1
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study used the redundant target paradigm on healthy subjects to investigate functional hemispheric asymmetries and interhemispheric cooperation in the perception of emotions from faces. In Experiment 1 participants responded to checkerboards presented either unilaterally to the left (LVF) or right visual h...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0279-4
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats with unilateral or bilateral partial section of the fornix were impaired on an eight arm radial maze task. Neurochemical analysis of hippocampal tissue four weeks after the lesions revealed a 50% reduction of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity. The cholinergic marker was correlated negatively with the numb...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229009
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of intact pigmented rats was adaptively modified by training protocols that created a visual-vestibular conflict. For training, head restrained animals were oscillated on a turntable in front of an optokinetic pattern projected onto a cylindrical wall. The optokinetic patt...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230530
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hand shaping during prehension involves intricate coordination of a complex system of bones, joints, and muscles. It is widely hypothesized that the motor system uses strategies to reduce the degrees of independent control. Both biomechanical constraints that result in coupling of the fingers and joints and neural syn...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4117-4
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ventral medial nucleus of the thalamus (VM) has been shown in rats and cats to constitute a common target for nigro- and cerebello-thalamic pathways. In the present study the responses of VM neurons to ipsilateral substantia nigra (SN) and contralateral cerebellar nuclei stimulation were analyzed in the rat. The t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238613
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has previously been demonstrated that Pre-I neurons, localized in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, are important in the generation of the primary respiratory rhythm in brainstem-spinal cord preparations from newborn rats. To investigate whether or not Pre-I neurons have endogenous pacemaker properties, we examine...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248909
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::When reaches are performed toward target objects, the presence of other non-target objects influences kinematic parameters of the reach. A typical observation has been that non-targets positioned ipsilaterally to the acting limb interfere more with the trajectory of the hand than contralateral non-targets. Here, we in...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3615-0
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) adversely affects information processing and motor performance. The impact of aerobic exercise on modifying the deleterious effects of PD underlying information and motor control processes is not well established. The primary aim of this project was to determine the effects of an 8-week high i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-06009-0
更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::We tested the hypothesis that geniculate X cells are the neural substrate of psychophysically identified pattern channels and that geniculate Y cells are the neural substrate of psychophysically identified flicker channels. The hypothesis was tested by measuring the relative sensitivity of isolated X and Y cells in th...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00240505
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates how the efficiency and robustness of a skilled rhythmic task compete against each other in the control of a bimanual movement. Human subjects juggled a puck in 2D through impacts with two metallic arms, requiring rhythmic bimanual actuation. The arms kinematics were only constrained by the posi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-008-1297-9
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delay eyeblink conditioning was examined in patients with genetically-defined heredoataxias and age-matched control subjects. 24 patients with spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6), type 3 (SCA3), and Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) participated. SCA6 affects primarily the cerebellum, whereas extracerebellar involvement is ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2181-x
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stair walking is a challenging locomotor task, and visual information about the steps is considered critical to safely walk up and down. Despite the importance of such visual inputs, there remains relatively little information on where gaze is directed during stair walking. The present study investigated the role of v...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2520-z
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv) can be dynamically modulated by several events, including neurotransmitter stimulated biochemical cascades mediated by G protein-coupled receptors such as 5-HT2 receptors (5-HT2Rs). Activation of 5-HT2A/CR inhibits the Shaker-like K(+) channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, and this...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3555-8
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study attempted to demonstrate that the indicator arm influences end point distribution in contralateral multi-joint proprioceptive tasks and also that intrinsic physical characteristics of multi-joint arms (arm stiffness) may predict the error pattern. For this purpose, we carried out two types of contral...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3196-3
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to examine coherence between surface electromyographic (EMG) signals from two index finger flexor muscles, the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), during and immediately following sustained, fatiguing isometric contraction. Coherence was observed between ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2110-0
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The projection from the nucleus prepositus hypoglossi (PH) to the superior colliculus (SC) has been proposed to provide a feedback control of collicular saccadic activities. The present study aimed to identify the functional properties of PH neurones projecting to the SC relative to eye movement parameters. Preposito-...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00229141
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to study the neurochemical effects in the brain of GABA-transaminase inhibition by systemic administration of gabaculine (100 mg/kg, i.a.) in the rat. In order to investigate neurotransmitter and related amino-acid compartmentation and metabolism, we have developed an original tool: the coupli...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050802
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) causes the corticospinal system to become refractory to subsequent stimuli for up to 200 ms. We examined the phenomenon of paired pulse inhibition with TMS under conditions of rest, ongoing voluntary activation (isometric force generation), and at variable delays following activ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228638
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objectives of this study were to determine whether changes in electromyographic (EMG) responses observed during prolonged intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) were due to local plasticity of the motor system or to global changes in the preparation. Local effects would be expressed as changes only along the activa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00242909
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00