Abstract:
:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) causes the corticospinal system to become refractory to subsequent stimuli for up to 200 ms. We examined the phenomenon of paired pulse inhibition with TMS under conditions of rest, ongoing voluntary activation (isometric force generation), and at variable delays following activation (postactivation) of the wrist extensors of seven normal subjects. Paired stimuli were delivered to the motor cortex with a circular coil at 1.1 times motor evoked potential (MEP) threshold, with various interstimulus intervals. Voluntary activation caused a marked decrease in the variability of the ratio of the amplitude of the MEP evoked by the test pulse to that of the MEP evoked by the conditioning pulse. Marked inhibition of the MEP evoked by the test pulse was still present. Postactivation, however, caused a dramatic reversal of the inhibitory effect of the conditioning pulse in all subjects at interstimulus intervals ranging from 40 to 120 ms. This effect lasted for up to 10 s following the cessation of activation. MEPs to transcranial electrical stimulation were also inhibited by conditioning TMS, but postactivation did not reverse this inhibition, indicating that the reversal of paired pulse inhibition is intracortical. We conjecture that paired pulse inhibition reflects activity of inhibitory interneurons or inhibitory connections between cortical output cells that are inactivated in the postactivation state.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Wassermann EM,Samii A,Mercuri B,Ikoma K,Oddo D,Grill SE,Hallett Mdoi
10.1007/BF00228638subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-04-01 00:00:00pages
158-63issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
109pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The adaptation and habituation characteristics produced by the repeated presentation of a moving visual stimulus were studied in single cells in the pigeon's optic tectum. Units located near the surface in the stratum opticum showed little adaptation. However, cells located in deeper layers exhibited varying rates and...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235509
更新日期:1977-03-30 00:00:00
abstract::In order to relate single cell performance to behavioral discrimination one needs measurements of the response variance of the units. We recorded from 183 single units of area V1 of monkeys performing an orientation discrimination task. The response variance was found to increase with increasing response strength. Thi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00275002
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinsonian rigidity is characterized by an increased resistance of a joint to externally imposed motion that remains uniform with changing joint angle. Two candidate mechanisms are proposed for the uniformity of rigidity, involving neural-mediated excitation of shortening muscles, i.e., shortening reaction (SR), or ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2594-2
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the role of gravitational cues in the learning of a dynamic balancing task, we placed blindfolded subjects in a device programmed with inverted pendulum dynamics about the yaw axis. Subjects used a joystick to try and maintain a stable orientation at the direction of balance during 20 100 s-long trials....
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5216-4
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model of global hypoxia during Caesarean-section (C-section) birth has been widely used to study long-term effects of birth hypoxia on central nervous system (CNS) function. However, the actual degree of CNS and systemic hypoxia produced by the birth insult in this model has never been characterised. Additionally, t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002219900305
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normally, gamma motoneurones innervate only the intrafusal fibres of muscle spindles. This is a report of sprouting of gamma motoneurones to innervate extrafusal muscle fibres following partial denervation of the soleus muscle of kittens. In eight newborn animals, the L7 ventral root was cut on one side under anaesthe...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227250
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of L-DOPA, naloxone, and the opioids (D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol)-enkephalin (DAGO) and D-Ser2-Leu-enkephalin-Thr6 (DSLET) on spinal motor rhythm generation were compared in anemically decapitated high spinal cats. After premedication with nialamide, DOPA caused the well-known, slow rhythmic motor activity w...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00241493
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empathy, i.e., the ability to perceive and share another person's affective state, is associated with activity in a complex neural network, including the anterior insula, the anterior and mid-cingulate cortex, and the lateral prefrontal cortex. Here, we were interested in the question how facial emotions influence the...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-016-4731-4
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of voltage-gated K(+) channels (Kv) can be dynamically modulated by several events, including neurotransmitter stimulated biochemical cascades mediated by G protein-coupled receptors such as 5-HT2 receptors (5-HT2Rs). Activation of 5-HT2A/CR inhibits the Shaker-like K(+) channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, and this...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3555-8
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sudden limb displacement evokes a complex sequence of compensatory muscle activity. Following the short-latency reflex and preceding voluntary reactions is an epoch termed the medium-latency reflex (MLR) that could reflect spinal processing of group II muscle afferents. One way to test this possibility is oral ingesti...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-017-5162-6
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral representation of space depends on the integration of many different sensory inputs. The vestibular system provides one such input and its dysfunction can cause profound spatial disorientation. Using positron emission tomography (PET), we measured regional cerebral perfusion with various vestibular stimul...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00241421
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is well known that the corticospinal system exerts more influence over distal (hand and fingers) than proximal (elbow and shoulder) upper limb muscles, differences in the importance of this system for voluntary activation of these muscle groups have not been demonstrated directly. Two investigations were c...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210050926
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perhaps the most intriguing disorders of body representation are those that are not due to primary disease of brain tissue. Strange and sometimes painful phantom limb sensations can result from loss of afference to the brain; and Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)-the subject of the current report-can follow limb t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2107-8
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of 80 amygdaloid neurons to the four basic taste (sucrose, NaCl, HCl and quinine hydrochloride), thermal (5 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C) and tactile (brushing) stimuli applied to the anterior part of the tongue were recorded in anesthetized rats. About 90% of the taste-sensitive amygdaloid n...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237437
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to further our understanding of action-blindsight, four hemianopic patients suffering from visual field loss contralateral to a unilateral occipital lesion were compared to six healthy controls during a double task of verbally reported target detection and saccadic responses toward the target. Three oculomoto...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3803-y
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The properties of adaptation within the locomotor and balance control systems directed towards improving one's recovery strategy for fall prevention are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine adaptive control of gait stability to repeated slip exposure leading to a reduction in backward loss of ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0189-5
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The method of microneurography was used to record activity in trigeminal cutaneous and mucosal mechanoreceptive afferents during natural orofacial behaviors such as speech gestures, chewing, licking and swallowing. Multi-unit activity and impulses in single nerve fibers were recorded from the infraorbital nerve. It ap...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248519
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vection is the illusion of self-motion in the absence of real physical movement. The aim of the present study was to analyze how multisensory inputs (visual and auditory) contribute to the perception of vection. Participants were seated in a stationary position in front of a large, curved projection display and were e...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3793-9
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The morphology of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat has been examined in both Golgi impregnated and in horseradish peroxidase (HRP) filled material. Two major classes of neurons are seen in Golgi material which encompass the variety of cells described in previous reports. Cells of one group (class A...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237987
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study was conducted to investigate the difference between Han Chinese and Caucasians on various parameters measured from responses to transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS). Sixteen subjects were studied in each group. A circular coil at the vertex was used for stimulation, whilst recording surface electrom...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-013-3763-2
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate whether the sensory perception could be a more direct assessment of sensory deficit as oppose to the postural performance, we examined the effect of reduced cutaneous cues on motion perception and motion control. The subject was translated in a mediolateral direction with a single sinusoidal acceleratio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1796-3
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acute and subacute effects of intracerebroventricularly (ICV) administered nerve growth factor (NGF) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on locomotor activity were evaluated in awake adult rats. Immediately after ICV injection through an implanted cannula, locomotor activity was measured by a computerized ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/pl00005759
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transient receptor potential receptors (TRP) on primary afferent neurons respond to noxious and/or thermal stimuli. TRPV1 receptors can be activated by noxious heat, acid, capsaicin and resiniferatoxin, leading to burning pain or itch mediated by discharges in C polymodal and Adelta mechano-heat nociceptors and in cen...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-1760-2
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe a new form of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -mediated regulation of the inactivation and of the recovery from inactivation of the L-type Ca2+ current (I(Ca)) in crayfish muscle. GABA (1 mM) was applied during a 2-min period and the peak I(Ca) was measured using two-electrode voltage-clamp recordings 30 mi...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000445
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previous study, we found that haptic guidance from a robotic steering wheel can improve short-term learning of steering of a simulated vehicle, in contrast to several studies of other tasks that had found that the guidance either impairs or does not aid motor learning. In this study, we examined whether haptic gu...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-009-2026-8
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human subjects attempted to modify their vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) in the dark by fixating imagined targets while experiencing predictable (SIN) sinusoidal (0.01-2.5 Hz) and unpredictable (SSN) sum of sines rotational stimuli (0.02-1.9 Hz). Modification was attempted under 2 instructional sets: VOR enhancement, ie ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236931
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In addition to giving primary projections to the parabrachial and periaqueductal gray regions, ascending lamina I projections course through and terminate in brainstem regions known to contain catecholaminergic cells. For this reason, double-labeling experiments were designed for analysis with light and electron micro...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228547
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fate of monoclonal anti-vasopressin antibodies (VP-MAbs) injected in vivo into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat brain was studied by immunocytochemistry. Depending on the post survival time, VP-MAbs contained in an ascites fluid were stained at different levels of the VP neurons: the cytoplasm of the P...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235986
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nystagmic eye movements in response to selective optokinetic stimulation of different parts of the retina were studied in normal human subjects by two methods: 1. a digital computer controlled by the eye movement signal was used to generate an optokinetic display which stimulated only the peripheral retina, simulating...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235455
更新日期:1975-08-14 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the distribution of labeled neurons in the parabigeminal nucleus of the monkey following injections of retrograde fluorescent tracers into the superior colliculus. The extent of the visual field representation included in the injection site was assessed from the location of labeled cells in striate cortex....
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230521
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00