Abstract：
:Hand shaping during prehension involves intricate coordination of a complex system of bones, joints, and muscles. It is widely hypothesized that the motor system uses strategies to reduce the degrees of independent control. Both biomechanical constraints that result in coupling of the fingers and joints and neural synergies act to simplify the control problem. Synergies in hand shaping are typically defined using principal component-like analyses to define orthogonal patterns of movement. Although much less examined, joint angle velocities are also important parameters governing prehension. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate joint angles and joint angle velocities during prehension in monkeys. Fourteen joint angles and angular velocities were measured as monkeys reached to and grasped a set of objects designed to systematically vary hand shapes. Hand shaping patterns in joint angles and velocities were examined using singular value decomposition (SVD). Highly correlated patterns of movements were observed in both joint angles and joint angle velocities, but there was little correlation between the two, suggesting that velocities are controlled separately. Joint angles and velocities can be defined by a small number of eigenvectors by SVD. The unresolved question of the functional relevance of higher-order eigenvectors was also evaluated. Results support that higher-order components are not easily distinguished from noise and are likely not of physiological significance.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Prosise JF,Hendrix CM,Ebner TJdoi
10.1007/s00221-014-4117-4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-02-01 00:00:00pages
339-50issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
233pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:We employed binocular magnetic search coils to study the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) and visually enhanced vestibulo-ocular reflex (VVOR) of 15 human subjects undergoing passive, whole-body rotations about a vertical (yaw) axis delivered as a series of pseudorandom transients and sinusoidal oscillations at frequenci...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/pl00005639
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Albino mammals show very characteristic deficits in their optokinetic system, and albino ferrets are even optokinetically blind. To investigate the neuronal causes for this defect we compared the morphology of retinal slip cells in the pretectal nucleus of the optic tract and the dorsal terminal nucleus of the accesso...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210100832
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Navigation through complex environments requires a greater degree of control and attentional resources from the central nervous system to ensure postural stability and efficient goal completion as compared to quiet standing or unobstructed walking. Furthermore, when a cognitive task is also performed in a dual-task sc...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4461-z
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is well known that visual expectation and attention modulate object perception. Yet, the mechanisms underlying these top-down influences are not completely understood. Event-related potentials (ERPs) indicate late contributions of expectations to object processing around the P2 or N2. This is true independent of wh...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4362-1
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The topography and receptive field (RF) organization of neurones in the trunk zone of the thalamic ventrobasal complex (VB) projecting to the homologous zone of the ipsilateral first somatosensory area (SI) were studied in the cat by performing experiments of retrograde neuronal tracing and microelectrode recording. P...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236234
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vision can improve bipedal upright stability during standing and locomotion. However, during locomotion, vision supports additional behaviors such as gait cycle modulation, navigation, and obstacle avoidance. Here, we investigate how the multiple roles of vision are reflected in the dynamics of trunk control as the ne...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2414-0
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to examine the effect of explicit cuing on reactive stepping with the paretic limb during slip-like perturbations in stroke survivors and to identify differences in postural stability and fall-risk while stepping with either limb. Eleven chronic hemiparetic stroke survivors received slip-like stance p...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4367-9
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between phantom limb phenomena and cortical reorganization was examined in five subjects with congenital absence of an upper limb and nine traumatic amputees. Neuromagnetic source imaging revealed minimal reorganization of primary somatosensory cortex in the congenital amputees (M=0.69 cm, SD 0.24) an...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050334
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cerebellum is known to participate in visually guided eye movements. The cerebellar uvula receives projections from pontine nuclei that have been implicated in visual motion processing and the generation of smooth pursuit. Single-unit and lesion studies were conducted to determine how the uvula might further proce...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00241368
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The task of sliding a nut from a rod has been used to study manual slowing in old age (Smith et al. in Neurology 53:1458-1461, 1999; Neurobiol Aging 26:883-890, 2005). In this experiment, we sought to determine if the age-related slowing in this task occurs with losses of motor precision, as indicated by the forces ex...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2030-z
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulation of muscle activity during locomotor-like movements by different walking speeds in subjects with a motor complete spinal cord injury (SCI) compared to actively--and passively-walking control subjects without neurological deficit. Stepping movements on a treadmill wer...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0509-4
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Humans can skillfully recognize actions from others' body motion and make a judgment or response at once. Previous neuroimaging studies have mostly utilized diminished and brief human motion stimuli and indicated that human occipito-temporal cortex plays a critical role at biological motion recognition. It remains unc...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5175-9
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endogenous peroxidase-like activity was investigated with a combined light and electron microscopical technique in 15 cats. The lateral cervical nucleus, the dorsal column nuclei, and segments C6 and L5 of the spinal cord were incubated with diaminobenzidine-tetrahydrochloride (DAB) or tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). Afte...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237283
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of radial (near-far) and vertical (upper-lower) dimensions on lateral visuo-spatial neglect was studied using two horizontal line-bisection tasks (one motor and one perceptual). A group of 15 patients with neglect and a group of 14 right-brain damaged patients without neglect were examined. This latter g...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000580
更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pain serves to protect against bodily threat, and therefore initiates protective responses such as attending toward threat-relevant information. Since pain is often exacerbated by executing movements, these motor actions may serve as cues for pain. Up to date, however, pain-related attention during movement remains la...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05790-2
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Realistic appearance and complexity in the visual field are known to affect the strength of vection (visually induced self-motion perception). Although surface properties of materials are, therefore, expected to be visual features that influence vection, to date, the results have been mixed. Here, we used computer gra...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05620-0
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intervention-induced neuroplastic changes within the motor or cognitive system have been shown in the human brain. While cognitive and motor brain areas are densely interconnected, it is unclear whether this interconnectivity allows for a shared susceptibility to neuroplastic changes. Using the preparation for a theor...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05933-5
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that some of the electromyographic (EMG) responses elicited in preactivated forearm muscles by transcranial stimulation of the human motor cortex are produced by activity in a disynaptic corticospinal linkage involving propriospinal-like interneurones with cell bodies in the spinal C3-4 segmen...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229634
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Using different tracer substances the pathways connecting the superior colliculus with the diencephalon were studied in the Madagascan hedgehog tenrec (Echinops telfairi), a nocturnal insectivore with tiny eyes, a small and little differentiated superior colliculus and a visual cortex with no obvious fourth granular l...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228725
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Norepinephrine has been hypothesized to provide a learning and memory signal. Norepinephrine long-term potentiation of perforant path input to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus provides a model for norepinephrine initiated memory processes. However, in vitro, the pairing of perforant path stimulation and norepineph...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1955-6
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have reported abnormalities in fine hand and finger movements following interruption of the fasciculus cuneatus (FC) in primates. We report here that many of these deficits could be caused by an inability to actively regulate the position of the finger. Three macaques were trained to maintain the inde...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00227785
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to define the spike threshold changes in motoneurons during naturally evoked activation. Spike activity was evoked in the gastrocnemius-soleus motoneurons of decerebrate cats by controlled stretches of the homonymous muscles. The spike thresholds were defined by using the first derivative of t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2285-4
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) using intensities ≤ 2 mA on physical and cognitive outcomes has been extensively investigated. Studies comparing the effects of different intensities of tDCS have yielded mixed results and little is known about how higher intensities (> 2 mA) affect outcomes. This study e...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05721-w
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticofugal influence upon lateral geniculate units was evaluated by inactivating the visual cortex with a topical application of 3M KCL in rabbits. The results revealed a decrease of spontaneous firing in slow P cells following cortical depression suggesting a tonic corticofugal influence. The most consistently obse...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236189
更新日期：1977-09-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The properties of the retinal ganglion cell classes in the cuban treefrog Hyla septentrionalis were studied qualitatively and quantitatively. In the superficial layers of the optic tectum three main classes of afferent optic nerve fibers could be distinguished, class-1*, class-3 and class-4 neurons. Hyla displays a mo...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00279659
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) is a physiological technique demonstrated to transiently improve hemianaesthesia in right brain-damaged patients (Bottini et al. in Exp Brain Res 99(1):164-169, 1994, Nature 376:778-781, 1995, Neurology 65(8):1278-1283, 2005). Recent studies suggest that these effects are based on ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2450-9
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gaze in real-world scenarios is controlled by a huge variety of parameters, such as stimulus features, instructions or context, all of which have been studied systematically in laboratory studies. It is, however, unclear how these results transfer to real-world situations, when participants are largely unconstrained i...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3254-x
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aiming movements of the upper limbs can be classified either as discrete, or reciprocal, or cyclic. The control of these movements after a stroke can be affected. The aim of this experimental, cross-sectional study was to characterize the performance of these movements after the right and left hemisphere chronic strok...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05897-6
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efferent projections of the five histaminergic neuronal subgroups in the tuberomammillary nucleus to the medial preoptic area (MPO) and inferior colliculus (IC) were examined by immunocytochemistry with antihistidine decarboxylase (HDC) antibodies combined with retrograde axonal tracing with Fast Blue (FB). The te...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228164
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human orientation in novel and familiar environments is a complex skill that can involve numerous different strategies. To date, a comprehensive account of how these strategies interrelate at the behavioural level has not been documented, impeding the development of elaborate systems neuroscience models of spatial ori...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3316-0
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
