Abstract:
:In the cat it is known that the distribution and modulation of the so-called P2 responses are similar, irrespective of whether they are obtained with electrodes implanted in the different skin areas or in the various leg muscles. In man it is known that the specific stimulation of cutaneous afferents from different parts of the foot evokes P2 responses, the phase-dependent modulation pattern of which exhibits both location-specific and common features. Responses generally differ, but one striking feature is the occurrence of suppressive responses in the tibialis anterior (TA) of the ipsilateral (i) leg at the end of the swing phase independent of the nerve stimulated. The question arises of whether this aspecificity is limited to the foot. Can similar suppressive P2 responses in iTA be obtained when afferents outside the region of the foot are stimulated during walking? If so this would indicate that there is a very general suppression occurring of input to the TA motor neuron pool, for example through presynaptic inhibition of a corticospinal drive. To answer this type of question the motor responses following transcutaneous stimulation of the rectus femoris (RF) and the motor responses following stimulation of the femoral nerve branch innervating the skin area above the quadriceps were determined during human locomotion. Electromyographic (EMG) activity in iTA was recorded by means of surface electrodes. In all subjects (N=10), the first consistent responses following RF stimulation occurred at about 80 ms poststimulus. The amplitude of these responses showed a clear phase-dependent modulation pattern. Facilitatory responses occurred during the end stance and early swing phase and turned into suppressive responses at the end of the swing phase. To investigate whether cutaneous afferents overlying the RF determined some of the responses following transcutaneous RF stimulation, the experiments were repeated following local anesthesia of the skin under the stimulation electrodes. This did not affect the responses substantially, indicating that most of the RF stimulation results were related to activation of muscle afferents. A similar phase-dependent modulation pattern was found following stimulation of cutaneous afferents of the femoral nerve (Fn). However, this phase-dependent modulation pattern was less pronounced and less consistent over the subjects when compared to the one found following RF stimulation. Our first conclusion is that the results show that P2 reflexes can be elicited both by stimulation of cutaneous afferents in the foot and by proximal cutaneous nerve and muscle stimulation. Secondly, it can be concluded that the suppressive responses at the end of the swing phase are present for both RF stimulation and stimulation of cutaneous afferents of the foot. This result indicates that a wide variety of afferent inputs have a suppressive influence on the input drive to TA motor neurons just prior to heel strike.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Van de Crommert HW,Steijvers PJ,Mulder T,Duysens Jdoi
10.1007/s00221-002-1366-4keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
405-12issue
4eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
149pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Joint stiffness measurements during small transient perturbations have suggested that stiffness during movement is different from that observed during posture. These observations are problematic for theories like the classical equilibrium point hypothesis, which suggest that desired trajectories during movement are en...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000598
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In walking cats decerebrated at the premammillary level, single neurone activity of Purkinje cells (P-cells) with long corticofugal axons was recorded in the cerebellar vermis. The P-cells (N = 145) were identified as they showed spontaneous simple and complex spikes and also antidromic activation from Deiters' nucleu...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238886
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the circuitry between the utricular (UT) nerve and ventral neck motoneurons innervating the longus capitis (LC), a neck flexor muscle, in decerebrate cats. We recorded intracellularly from 63 LC (ipsilateral 37, contralateral 26) motoneurons in C1 and C2 segments. UT nerve stimulation evoked disynaptic, exc...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00233975
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebral response evoked by stimulation of the bulbar pyramidal tract in wood rats, like that of laboratory rats, consisted of a small alpha wave, almost obscured by a very large, superimposed r wave. The alpha wave behaved like a purely antidromic response, whereas the r wave behaved like a postsynaptic response,...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228700
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared set-related premotor cortex activity in two conditional motor tasks. In both tasks, a rhesus monkey moved its forelimb to one of two possible targets on the basis of visuospatial instruction stimuli. One target was located to the left of the limb's starting position, the other to the right. In the directio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247578
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Information about the direction of the virtual line between two positions in space (directional information) is used in many decision-making and motor tasks. We investigated how accurately directional information is processed by the brain. Subjects performed two types of task. In both tasks they sat at a table. In the...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231466
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports on experiments in which the effect of disconnection of association fibres from Area 17/18 to the posterior suprasylvian cortex (PSSC) was investigated. In the control experiments, all neurons had large receptive fields in the central 5-10 degrees of the visual field without detailed retinotopy. In t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235537
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two monkeys, we measured the initial vergence eye movements elicited by sudden forward motion on a linear sled. Animals faced a tangent screen and experienced the translation while in darkness, fixating a small, centered spot, or viewing a large-field pattern. Forward movements elicited convergent responses that we...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1351-y
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to define the spike threshold changes in motoneurons during naturally evoked activation. Spike activity was evoked in the gastrocnemius-soleus motoneurons of decerebrate cats by controlled stretches of the homonymous muscles. The spike thresholds were defined by using the first derivative of t...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2285-4
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Descending vestibular pathways have been shown to influence recruitment thresholds of alpha motoneurones in both human and cat. However, whereas parallel connections to the fusimotor system have been shown in the cat, such connections have not yet been demonstrated in humans. In the present study we investigated wheth...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0836-5
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation of motor control to weightlessness was studied during a 7-day spaceflight. The maintenance of control of upright posture was examined during a voluntary raising movement of the arm and during the voluntary raising on tiptoe. In order to evaluate the contribution of visual cues, three types of visual situati...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00231132
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Single neurons in the auditory cortex of anesthetized cats were examined quantitatively for their sensitivity to the sound pressure level of characteristic frequency (CF) tone pulses, and to 6 dB, linear modulations in the amplitude of a continuous CF carrier tone. The direction and rate of amplitude modulation (AM), ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247281
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Young children rely heavily on vision for postural control during the transition to walking. Although by 10 years of age, children have automatic postural responses similar to adults, it is not clear when the integration of sensory inputs becomes fully developed. The purpose of this study was to examine this transitio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0109-8
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Saccadic eye movements made to remembered locations in the dark show a distinct up-shift in macaque monkey, and slight upward bias in humans (Gnadt et al. 1991). This upward bias created in the visual spatial mapping of a saccade may be translated downstream in a hand/touch movement. This error could possibl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-004-2033-8
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well established that neuronal transmission from the entorhinal cortex through the dentate gyrus via the perforant path is dependent on behavioral state. To further study the modulation of neuronal transmission by behavioral state we employed the paired-pulse technique to study interneuronally-mediated inhibitio...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00249612
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Control of velocity in rapid flexion movements of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb was investigated by examining movement trajectories and patterns of activity in the extensor pollicis longus (EPL) and flexor pollicis longus (FPL) muscles. Although velocity was controlled with considerable accuracy, it was not s...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237406
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In earlier studies the tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative N-methyl-norsalsolinol (2-MDTIQ) was discovered in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid and brain of patients with Parkinson's disease. To establish whether 2-MDTIQ is toxic to the dopaminergic system, 2-MDTIQ or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were stereotactically injected i...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227181
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of 80 amygdaloid neurons to the four basic taste (sucrose, NaCl, HCl and quinine hydrochloride), thermal (5 degrees C, 20 degrees C and 40 degrees C) and tactile (brushing) stimuli applied to the anterior part of the tongue were recorded in anesthetized rats. About 90% of the taste-sensitive amygdaloid n...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237437
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence is presented that simple cells in the cat striate cortex (area 17) fail to respond to two dimensional random patterns but respond vigorously to one dimensional patterns with identical power at the preferred orientation of the cell. Further observations suggest that complex cells inhibit simple cells so as to ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238391
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The parameters characterizing Listing's plane have been determined in a group of normal subjects, and in patients who have had unilateral vestibular deafferentation on the right or left side. All patients were well compensated. There was no statistically significant difference in the orientation of Listing's plane bet...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227346
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand spatiotemporally coordinated activity in neural networks and interaction between different areas or layers in brain tissue, simultaneous multisite recording is a prerequisite. For in vitro studies pursuing these goals, substrate integrated, planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have been developed to monit...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-001-0932-5
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human subjects can readily adapt their movement trajectories to different dynamic or visuomotor environments. The focus of the current study was to determine whether subjects could simultaneously adapt to multiple dynamic environments. Subjects ( n=5) drew ellipses continuously for 70 s using a torquable manipulandum ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1260-0
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In three monkeys made hemianopic by unilateral striate cortical ablation, in one normal monkey and in a human hemianope (GY), we measured reaction times to chromatic targets presented in the normal hemifield as a function of prior chromatic primes in the blind field. The first of our three tasks showed an unspecific p...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1521-6
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This investigation aimed at assessing the extent to which memory from practice in a specific condition of target displacement modulates temporal errors and movement timing of interceptive movements. We compared two groups practicing with certainty of future target velocity either in unchanged target velocity or in tar...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2657-4
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When asked to identify the position of a sound, listeners can report its perceived location as well as their subjective certainty about this spatial judgement. Yet, research to date focused primarily on measures of perceived location (e.g., accuracy and precision of pointing responses), neglecting instead the phenomen...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05748-4
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We applied vibration at various rates to the biceps tendon of a passive, restrained arm in normal human subjects and measured its effect on the perception of forearm position and the perception of forearm velocity. The disturbances of limb position perception and limb velocity perception depended on the vibration rate...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00269450
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of body posture on the human soleus H-reflex via electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa was studied. All parameters that may influence the reflex were controlled stringently. H-reflexes were elicited in three different body postures while keeping the level of background muscle act...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5182-x
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perception of our own bodies is based on integration of visual and tactile inputs, notably by neurons in the brain's parietal lobes. Here we report a behavioural consequence of this integration process. Simply viewing the arm can speed up reactions to an invisible tactile stimulus on the arm. We observed this visual e...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1651-x
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to detect an instantaneous lateral displacement of a small spot of light. The smallest movement for 79% correct performance was then determined. Severing the splenium of the corpus callosum, which has to be done to reveal the superior colliculi, had no effect on the m...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237444
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary auditory "cortex" field L, of the Guinea fowl is a three layer tonotopically organized structure. Isofrequency planes as shown with the 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method cut across these layers and with their second dimension extend in rostro-caudal direction. The input layer L2 exhibits "spontaneous" labeling d...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00238839
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00