Abstract:
:The 20th century witnessed the steady development of knowledge about reproductive physiology and endocrinology in animals and humans. These advances led to the identification of higher centres governing the ovary and its follicles. Effects of X-rays on the head and other agents, or excision of the pituitary gland, led to anomalies in oestrous and menstrual cycles in animals and women, respectively. Studies on pituitary and placental extracts revealed the presence of hormones regulating the ovarian follicles and the corpus luteum for the implanting embryo. These were identified as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Increasing understanding of the mechanisms of action of these hormones led to treatments of animals and amenorrhoeic women with FSH- and LH-containing preparations in order to induce the growth of follicles and ovulation. Human FSH-rich preparations were obtained by extracting urinary gonadotrophins from the urine of post-menopausal women, and thousands of amenorrhoeic and/or anovulatory patients were treated with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and HCG to induce multifolliculation and ovulation. The introduction of IVF greatly increased the numbers of women treated in this fashion, now including cyclic women. By the mid-1980s, following the appearance of Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in women treated with gonadotrophins extracted from human pituitaries, and other safety considerations, attempts were being made to purify urinary gonadotrophin preparations, using antibodies. Increasing interest in recombinant preparations, which were pure, highly specific and highly active preparations, characterized the last years of the 20th century and the new millennium. These preparations included recombinant FSH (rFSH), recombinant LH (rLH) and recombinant HCG (rHCG). Yet, in one sense, the recombinant preparations could change the procedures of ovarian stimulation, because they focused attention on the membranal receptor in the follicle, and how best to stimulate it. Small molecules are currently being investigated, with some proving to be very active and specific, and even capable of bypassing many parts of the receptor conformation. Here lies the immediate future of this field, utilizing small, defined molecules at low cost to stimulate follicle growth, ovulation and luteinization, and perhaps one day to remove the need for gonadotrophins in clinical work.
journal_name
Reprod Biomed Onlinejournal_title
Reproductive biomedicine onlineauthors
Lunenfeld Bdoi
10.1016/s1472-6483(12)60006-6keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
11-7eissn
1472-6483issn
1472-6491pii
S1472-6483(12)60006-6journal_volume
4 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Total fertilization failures (TFF) are rare events of IVF by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). When male factor is excluded, the lack of identifiable aetiological criteria raises the question of the reliable clinical management. The goal of this study was to identify molecular abnormalities in metaphase II (MII...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60404-x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have a negative impact on sperm DNA, leading to the formation of oxidative products such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroxyguanosine. This compound causes fragmentation and, thus, has a mutagenic effect. Patient treatment with oral antioxidant vitamins is, therefore, standard practice for male infert...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60887-5
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RESEARCH QUESTION:A close association between Kisspeptin-1 (KISS-1) and reproductive physiology has been reported, but the results on circulatory KISS-1 are ambiguous in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between KISS-1 and PC...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.04.018
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents the Danish 10-year experience (1999-2009) with cryopreservation (n=386) and autotransplantation of ovarian tissue (n=18). Before applying the technique to humans, the method was thoroughly tested and validated. The cryoprotectant solution was chosen after histological evaluation of mouse and human ...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.10.015
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on mouse ovary heterotopic autotransplantation was investigated. Mice (age 4-5 weeks) were divided into the following groups: control; autograft plus NAC (150 mg/kg daily intraperitoneal injection) and autograft plus saline (n = 6 per group). Groups were treated from 1 day before u...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.09.013
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple pregnancies are a serious adverse event of IVF treatment. Several strategies have been developed to improve embryo selection and embryo developmental potential to increase pregnancy rates without increasing the risk of multiple pregnancies. The only way to effectively solve this problem is to reduce the numbe...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)61459-9
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laparoscopic surgery with the assistance of the da Vinci robotic system has been recently introduced in gynaecology, as this new technology provides three-dimensional vision and easier suture capability. This study reports, for the first time, the case of an uncomplicated full term pregnancy after laparoscopic myomect...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60794-8
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated whether anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) was differentially expressed in cumulus (CC) and granulosa (GC) cells from large antral and pre-ovulatory follicles collected from individual follicles in women undergoing in-vitro maturation (IVM) or IVF treatment. Expression studies of AMH, AMH receptor 2, FS...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.12.005
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A mounting interest in natural cycle IVF has challenged the medical community to better understand the mechanisms controlling the follicular phase and ovulation in particular, in an effort to optimize this procedure and its outcome. For practical reasons, the advancement of the follicular phase in the menstrual cycle ...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60381-1
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), a serine/threonine kinase, regulates the function of many cellular proteins involved in apoptosis and proliferation. It was postulated that there is a higher Akt activity in endometriosis compared with normal endometrium, and that oestrogen may be one of the factors responsible for the high...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.10.001
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies suggest Candida albicans infection has a negative effect on sperm function, including fertilizing ability. Assisted reproduction treatment using spermatozoa from a patient with unrecognized C. albicans infection did not result in fertilization. Preliminary evidence suggested an effect on sperm motility and apo...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60125-3
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinicians who treat unsuccessful couples despite repeated transfers of good quality embryos face a challenge. Among the various strategies that have been described, embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage has been postulated to improve implantation. A prospective non-randomized analysis was performed in 276 IVF patie...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61773-7
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The transvaginal approach to tubo-ovarian surgery allows easy and direct access to the tubo-ovarian structures and the fossa ovarica without additional manipulation. In the absence of a panoramic view, the proximity of the tubo-ovarian structures allows operative procedures for treatment of superficial and cystic ovar...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(12)60121-7
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative profiling was performed on proteins synthesized in human cumulus cells (CC) from individual oocytes recovered after two different ovarian stimulation protocols for classical IVF (cIVF). Using high-resolution two-dimensional protein electrophoresis after metabolic labelling with [35S]-methionine, protein ex...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61028-0
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. PCOS has been considered as a major risk factor for the development of diabetes, and screening of women with PCOS for glucose intolerance is suggested. Detection of glucose intolerance in PCOS is best ...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61645-8
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In spite of several past attempts at defining the point at which conception can be considered completed, resulting in the formation of an embryo, the existing definitions are still contradictory. In the absence of clear terminology, the application of laws aimed at the protection of early human life may have inadequat...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)62103-7
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pre-eclampsia is a major disorder of human pregnancy, which may have an immunological basis. It is a disease of two stages. The first stage concerns the relative failure of early trophoblast invasion and remodelling of the spiral arteries, leading to a poor blood supply to the placenta, exposing it to oxidative stress...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60659-1
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This proceedings report presents the outcomes from an international Expert Meeting to establish a consensus on the recommended technical and operational requirements for air quality within modern assisted reproduction technology (ART) laboratories. Topics considered included design and construction of the facility, as...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.02.005
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RESEARCH QUESTION:Does extending the follow-up after misoprostol treatment for early pregnancy loss increase the success rate? DESIGN:Patients who had experienced early pregnancy loss (<12 weeks) and were treated with misoprostol in a single university-affiliated medical centre were prospectively followed before and a...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.011
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although mammalian ovaries contain hundreds of thousands of pre-antral follicles, fewer than 1% of these reach maturity and ovulation. Obtaining immature eggs from the pre-antral follicles of ovarian tissue could increase the possibility of preserving fertility in women undergoing anti-cancer treatment, and in women w...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60670-0
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines the importance of a clinical diagnosis in the management of infertility in the male and discusses the reasons for this statement. The treatment of male infertility is now often carried out solely by gynaecologists. These specialists have frequently had little training in the examination of the male...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61436-8
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population attempting pregnancy and having babies is ageing. Gynaecological and obstetric complications worsen with age. Maternity services are struggling. Increasing rates of infertility and complications are not matched by the marvels in the laboratory. This paper argues that assisted reproduction treatment has ...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.09.012
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this descriptive study was to evaluate the attitudes and knowledge of IVF staff towards oocyte donation (OD) programme. A total of 163 individuals (19% men and 81% women) were requested to fill out a two-part questionnaire. Part 1 of the questionnaire contained general demographic information: 62% of the pa...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60333-1
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tubal pathology is a common cause of subfertility. Identifying risk factors for tubal pathology in the medical history is important to distinguish between those couples who benefit from early tubal patency tests and those in whom presence of tubal pathology is less likely and delaying tubal tests is justified. This st...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60589-5
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ejaculated spermatozoa, particularly in infertile men, have been shown to display morphological and biochemical features that are typical of an apoptotic phenotype in somatic cells. Deregulation of apoptosis is known to play roles in a number of disease processes, but roles for apoptosis in ejaculated spermatozoa and ...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61892-5
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endometriosis is a complex disease that is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. In endometriosis, WNT4 plays a likely role owing to its biological functions. In this study, the TaqMan allelic discrimination technique was used to investigate the relationship between endometriosis and four single nucleotide ...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.12.010
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this retrospective study of 873 men enrolled for assisted reproduction techniques, relationships between sperm quality parameters, motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME), DNA damage and live birth rate were evaluated. The presence of vacuoles in the sperm heads was detected by MSOME. Either chromatin...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.10.009
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RESEARCH QUESTION:What is the incidence and origin of meiotic whole and segmental aneuploidies detected by karyomapping at a blastocyst stage in human-derived IVF embryos? What is the distribution of various types of errors, including rare chromosomal abnormalities? DESIGN:The incidence of chromosomal aneuploidies was...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2018.11.023
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today an accurate diagnosis of adenomyosis can be made thanks to progress in imaging techniques: sonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This has made it possible to clinically correlate the presence of adenomyosis to infertility. At the same time, a series of pathogenetic hypotheses have been presented to ex...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.10.003
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority's report on sex selection is criticized because its recommendation to prohibit all techniques for social sexing is based on unsupported allegations. As a body with a scientific status, the Authority should allow the application of some methods of sex selection for non-m...
journal_title:Reproductive biomedicine online
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60907-8
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00