The ionic layer is required for efficient dissociation of the SNARE complex by alpha-SNAP and NSF.

abstract：:Different strains of Newcastle disease virus vary in their ability to induce cell fusion. When administered to cells at high multiplicities of infection some strains induce cell fusion within three hours. This type of fusion is apparently caused by the virus particles in the inoculum, since it can be induced by noninf...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bratt MA,Gallaher WR

更新日期：1969-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human beta-globin locus is activated transcriptionally by a complex series of events that culminate in appropriate temporal and tissue-specific control over five separate genes during embryonic and early postnatal development. One cis-regulatory element in the locus, originally identified as an enhancer 3' to the ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Q,Tanimoto K,Bungert J,Engel JD

更新日期：1998-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A construct, MRE-beta Geo, with five metal response elements fused to a selectable reporter gene was transfected into BHK cells and a stable clone that could be induced up to 100-fold by zinc, cadmium, bismuth, silver, cobalt, copper, mercury, or nickle was isolated. Some, and perhaps all, of these metals induce MRE-b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Palmiter RD

更新日期：1994-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the nucleotide sequence of about 1 kilobase of DNA 3' to the 5' long terminal repeat of three noninfectious ad one infectious proviral DNA clones of spleen necrosis virus, an avian retrovirus, to determine if the types of nucleic acid changes involved in retrovirus mutation shed light on special features...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： O'Rear JJ,Temin HM

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies in mice indicate that the gut microbiota promotes energy harvest and storage from components of the diet when these components are plentiful. Here we examine how the microbiota shapes host metabolic and physiologic adaptations to periods of nutrient deprivation. Germ-free (GF) mice and mice who had received a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Crawford PA,Crowley JR,Sambandam N,Muegge BD,Costello EK,Hamady M,Knight R,Gordon JI

更新日期：2009-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations made during the last ten years with the Chandra X-ray Observatory have shed much light on the cooling gas in the centers of clusters of galaxies and the role of active galactic nucleus (AGN) heating. Cooling of the hot intracluster medium in cluster centers can feed the supermassive black holes found in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blanton EL,Clarke TE,Sarazin CL,Randall SW,McNamara BR

更新日期：2010-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:An unusual cAMP signaling system mediates many of the events that prepare spermatozoa to meet the egg. Its components include the atypical, bicarbonate-stimulated, sperm adenylyl cyclase and a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) with the unique catalytic subunit termed Calpha(2) or C(s). We generated mice that lack Ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nolan MA,Babcock DF,Wennemuth G,Brown W,Burton KA,McKnight GS

更新日期：2004-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Both naturally occurring and synthetic phosphatidic acid (PtdOH) molecules show the phenomenon of spontaneous vesiculation on jump in pH value. This method involves a transient increase in pH of smectic PtdOH dispersions to values between 10 and 12. Such a pH increase induces spontaneous vesiculation with the formatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hauser H

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A typing method for bacteria was developed and applied to several species, including Escherichia coli and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. Total genomic DNA was digested with a restriction endonuclease, and fragments were enabled with [alpha-32P]dATP by using the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase and separated by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： van Steenbergen TJ,Colloms SD,Hermans PW,de Graaff J,Plasterk RH

更新日期：1995-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The plant trans-Golgi network (TGN) is a central trafficking hub where secretory, vacuolar, recycling, and endocytic pathways merge. Among currently known molecular players involved in TGN transport, three different adaptor protein (AP) complexes promote vesicle generation at the TGN with different cargo specificity a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Heinze L,Freimuth N,Rößling AK,Hahnke R,Riebschläger S,Fröhlich A,Sampathkumar A,McFarlane HE,Sauer M

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Seizure activity regulates gene expression for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NRTN), and their receptor components, the transmembrane c-Ret tyrosine kinase and the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored GDNF family receptor (GFR) alpha 1 and alpha 2 in limbic structures. We demonstrat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nanobashvili A,Airaksinen MS,Kokaia M,Rossi J,Asztély F,Olofsdotter K,Mohapel P,Saarma M,Lindvall O,Kokaia Z

更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We have synthesized 175-nucleotide-long probes for the DNA of human histocompatibility antigens HLA-DR alpha and beta by extending on poly(A)+ mRNA from B-cell lines with short synthetic deoxyribonucleotide primers complementary to the predicted nucleotide sequence of the NH2 terminus of both polypeptides. The synthes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Das HK,Biro PA,Cohen SN,Erlich HA,von Gabain A,Lawrance SK,Lemaux PG,McDevitt HO,Peterlin BM,Schulz MF,Sood AK,Weissman SM

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the usual Darwinian case in which struggle for existence leads to density limitations on the environment's carrying capacity, R. A. Fisher's reproductive-value concept reduces to zero for every initial age group. To salvage some meaning for Fisher's notion, two variant reproductive-value concepts are defined here: ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Samuelson PA

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the last 15 years several laboratories have attempted to generate rabbit monoclonal antibodies, mainly because rabbits recognize antigens and epitopes that are not immunogenic in mice or rats, two species from which monoclonal antibodies are usually generated. Monoclonal antibodies from rabbits could not be gen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spieker-Polet H,Sethupathi P,Yam PC,Knight KL

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The distribution of wealth in the United States and countries around the world is highly skewed. How does visible economic inequality affect well-off individuals' support for redistribution? Using a placebo-controlled field experiment, I randomize the presence of poverty-stricken people in public spaces frequented by ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sands ML

更新日期：2017-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:We have isolated two cDNA clones, NaPi-2 and NaPi-3, by screening rat kidney cortex and human kidney cortex cDNA libraries, respectively, for expression of sodium-dependent phosphate transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Substrate specificity and a detailed kinetic analysis (Na, Pi, H+ concentrations) suggested that ex...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Magagnin S,Werner A,Markovich D,Sorribas V,Stange G,Biber J,Murer H

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We created a high-throughput modality of photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM) that enables automated 3D PALM imaging of hundreds of synchronized bacteria during all stages of the cell cycle. We used high-throughput PALM to investigate the nanoscale organization of the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ in l...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holden SJ,Pengo T,Meibom KL,Fernandez Fernandez C,Collier J,Manley S

更新日期：2014-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubule-associated protein 2 kinase (MAP kinase), which exists in several forms, is a protein serine/threonine kinase that participates in a growth factor-activated protein kinase cascade in which it activates a ribosomal protein S6 kinase (pp90rsk) while being regulated itself by a cytoplasmic factor (MAP kinase ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seger R,Ahn NG,Boulton TG,Yancopoulos GD,Panayotatos N,Radziejewska E,Ericsson L,Bratlien RL,Cobb MH,Krebs EG

更新日期：1991-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A 37-kDa glycoprotein has been described recently, whose synthesis is dramatically increased after injury of the rat sciatic and optic nerves. Cells in the nerve sheath, distal to the site of injury, produce and secrete large amounts of this protein, so that by 3 weeks after injury, it represents 2-5% of the total sol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ignatius MJ,Gebicke-Härter PJ,Skene JH,Schilling JW,Weisgraber KH,Mahley RW,Shooter EM

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified a 10-kDa stress-inducible mitochondrial protein. The protein is synthesized at elevated rates in cultured rat hepatoma cells challenged with heat shock or amino acid analogues and, therefore, designated heat shock protein 10 (Hsp10). Hsp10 was purified to homogeneity from rat liver and found to exhi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hartman DJ,Hoogenraad NJ,Condron R,Høj PB

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Theoretical and experimental optical, redox, and paramagnetic results are presented for models of siroheme, the iron isobacteriochlorin prosthetic group of nitrite and sulfite reductases, and of sirohydrochlorin, the metal-free siroheme that is an intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway to vitamin B(12). The facile o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang CK,Hanson LK,Richardson PF,Young R,Fajer J

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital, the sciatic nerves of rats were transected bilaterally, and a catheter was inserted into the central end of the left renal artery. After an initial flush, an Alzet pump was attached to the catheter, containing various concentrations of glycyl-L-glutamine (Gly-Gln), methylpre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Koelle GB,Han MS

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionizing radiation has been used to selectively separate the circadian oscillator function of the eye of Aplysia from some of its other functions--synchronous compound action potential (CAP) generation, the light response, synaptic transmission between photoreceptors and output neurons, and the bursting pacemaker mech...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Woolum JC,Strumwasser F

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bicistronic cassettes under control of a single promoter have recently been suggested as useful tools for coordinate expression of two different foreign proteins in mammalian cells. Using the long 5' untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus as translational enhancer of the second gene, a bicistronic unit comp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aran JM,Gottesman MM,Pastan I

更新日期：1994-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Electron micrographs of replicating lambda DNA molecules, during the period of progeny-particle DNA formation, show single-tailed circular structures. The tails are, predominantly, shorter than one viral genome. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiger JA Jr,Sinsheimer RL

更新日期：1971-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Forests play a key role in the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the main uncertainties in global change predictions lies in how the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest productivity will be affected by climate warming. Here we show an increasing influence of climate on the spatial variability of tree grow...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shestakova TA,Gutiérrez E,Kirdyanov AV,Camarero JJ,Génova M,Knorre AA,Linares JC,Resco de Dios V,Sánchez-Salguero R,Voltas J

更新日期：2016-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal monkeys and monkeys with lesions of the hippocampal formation and adjacent cortex (the H+ lesion) were trained on the delayed nonmatching to sample (DNMS) task with a delay of 0.5 s between the sample and the choice. The animals with H+ lesions learned the task normally at this short delay and also exhibited th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Alvarez P,Zola-Morgan S,Squire LR

更新日期：1994-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature of chemical bonds of ruthenium(Ru)-quinine(Q) complexes, mononuclear [Ru(trpy)(3,5-t-Bu(2)Q)(OH(2))](ClO(4))(2) (trpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone) (1), and binuclear [Ru(2)(btpyan)(3,6-di-Bu(2)Q)(2)(OH(2))](2+) (btpyan = 1,8-bis(2,2':6',2''-terpyrid-4'-yl)anthracene, 3,6-t-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tanaka K,Isobe H,Yamanaka S,Yamaguchi K

更新日期：2012-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The betaalpha barrel is the common protein fold of numerous enzymes and was proposed recently to be the result of gene duplication and fusion of an ancient half-barrel. The initial enzyme of shikimate biosynthesis possesses the additional feature of feedback regulation. The crystal structure and kinetic studies on chi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hartmann M,Schneider TR,Pfeil A,Heinrich G,Lipscomb WN,Braus GH

更新日期：2003-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:A central question in protein-DNA recognition is the origin of the specificity that permits binding to the correct site in the presence of excess, nonspecific DNA. In the P22 Arc repressor, the Phe-10 side chain is part of the hydrophobic core of the free protein but rotates out to pack against the sugar-phosphate bac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schildbach JF,Karzai AW,Raumann BE,Sauer RT

更新日期：1999-02-02 00:00:00