Abstract：
:The energetic efficiency of microbial growth is significantly reduced in cultures growing under glucose excess compared to cultures growing under glucose limitation, but the magnitude to which different energy-dissipating processes contribute to the reduced efficiency is currently not well understood. We introduce here a new concept for balancing the total cellular energy flux that is based on the conversion of energy and carbon fluxes into energy equivalents, and we apply this concept to glucose-, ammonia-, and phosphate-limited chemostat cultures of riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis. Based on [U-(13)C(6)]glucose-labeling experiments and metabolic flux analysis, the total energy flux in slow-growing, glucose-limited B. subtilis is almost exclusively partitioned in maintenance metabolism and biomass formation. In excess-glucose cultures, in contrast, uncoupling of anabolism and catabolism is primarily achieved by overflow metabolism, while two quantified futile enzyme cycles and metabolic shifts to energetically less efficient pathways are negligible. In most cultures, about 20% of the total energy flux could not be assigned to a particular energy-consuming process and thus are probably dissipated by processes such as ion leakage that are not being considered at present. In contrast to glucose- or ammonia-limited cultures, metabolic flux analysis revealed low tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle fluxes in phosphate-limited B. subtilis, which is consistent with CcpA-dependent catabolite repression of the cycle and/or transcriptional activation of genes involved in overflow metabolism in the presence of excess glucose. ATP-dependent control of in vivo enzyme activity appears to be irrelevant for the observed differences in TCA cycle fluxes.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Dauner M,Storni T,Sauer Udoi
10.1128/JB.183.24.7308-7317.2001keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-12-01 00:00:00pages
7308-17issue
24eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530journal_volume
183pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Mir M7 is a spontaneous morphologically conditional mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae which grows as round cells (cocci) at pH 7 and as normal rods at pH 5.8. We studied the rates of peptidoglycan synthesis of cocci and rods growing at pH values of 7 and 5.8, respectively. It was found that exponentially growing cocci p...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.137.2.727-734.1979
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colicin E2 was partially purified from Escherichia coli W3110. This preparation was remarkably stabilized by bovine serum albumin in a solution at neutral pH, as shown by dilution experiments and tests on heat stability of colicin. One killing unit of colicin E2 was estimated to correspond to one molecule of colicin E...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.100.2.1136-1137.1969
更新日期：1969-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed 12 individual codons, which differed widely with respect to the frequency of use in Escherichia coli and the abundance of the corresponding tRNAs, for their influence on the coupling between transcription and translation. This was probed by determining the effects of codon substitutions in the leader pepti...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.171.11.5812-5816.1989
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Membrane vesicles capable of energy-dependent calcium uptake have been prepared from Bacillus megaterium cells in log-phase growth or when undergoing sporulation. The uptake is dependent on the calcium concentration and appears saturable in vesicles from cells in log-phase growth. Both ascorbate and phenazine methosul...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.119.3.840-843.1974
更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Strain DCB-1 is a strict anaerobe capable of reductive dehalogenation. We elucidated metabolic processes in DCB-1 which may be related to dehalogenation and which further characterize the organism physiologically. Sulfoxy anions and CO2 were used by DCB-1 as catabolic electron acceptors. With suitable electron donors,...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.172.4.2065-2070.1990
更新日期：1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Netropsin, a polypeptide antibiotic which binds specifically to adenylate-thymidylate-rich regions of deoxyribonucleic acid, inhibitis sporulation at about stage II, but does not inhibit growth of Bacillys subtilis. An analysis of the sporulation-associated enzymes aconitase, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose dehydrog...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.128.1.80-85.1976
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas marginalis HT041B has been characterized as a 1,3-linked galactoglucan in which galactose and glucose are in the alpha- and beta-anomeric configurations, respectively. The polysaccharide is substituted with pyruvate at the 4 and 6 positions of galactose and with succinic acid at ei...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.171.3.1760-1762.1989
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:By use of Arthrobacter globiformis SI55, a psychrotrophic bacterium capable of growth between -5 and +32 degrees C, we cloned and sequenced capA, a gene homologous to cspA encoding the major cold shock protein in Escherichia coli. The deduced protein sequence has a high level of identity with the sequences of other Cs...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.179.18.5670-5676.1997
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During sporulation, the Bacillus subtilis transcription factor sigmaK is activated by regulated proteolytic processing. I have used a system that facilitates the analysis of the contributions of a modified form of the processing enzyme, SpoIVFB-GFP, and the regulatory proteins BofA and SpoIVFA to the conversion of pro...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.181.17.5384-5388.1999
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We purified active hydrogenase from free-living Rhizobium japonicum by affinity chromatography. The uptake hydrogenase of R. japonicum has been treated previously as an oxygen-sensitive protein. In this purification, however, reducing agents were not added nor was there any attempt to exclude oxygen. In fact, the addi...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.166.3.795-800.1986
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The addition of 1 mM orthophenanthroline (OP) into a mating mixture drastically reduced the production of recombinants. Examination of the effect of OP on each step of conjugation showed that the effect on the following steps could not account for the up to 500-fold reduction of recombinant formation: (i) preliminary ...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.128.1.363-371.1976
更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two bile acid-inducible polypeptides from Eubacterium sp. strain VPI 12708 with molecular weights of 27,000 and approximately 45,000 have previously been shown to be encoded by genes residing on a 2.9-kb EcoRI fragment. We now report the cloning and sequencing of three additional overlapping DNA fragments upstream fro...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.172.12.7011-7019.1990
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Five transposon Tn5 mutants of the procaryote Myxococcus xanthus had been shown previously to be defective in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (J. M. Fink,-M. Kalos, and J. F. Zissler, J. Bacteriol. 171:2033-2041, 1989). These mutants were studied for possible defects in gliding motility and multicellular development. ...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.171.4.2042-2048.1989
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Members of the genus Shewanella inhabit various environments; they are capable of synthesizing various types of low-melting-point fatty acids, including monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) with and without eicosapentanoic acid (EPA). The genes involved in fatty acid synthesis in 15...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.00498-08
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Escherichia coli, synthesis of sialic acid is not regulated by allosteric inhibition mediated by cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc). Evidence for the lack of metabolic control by feedback inhibition was demonstrated by measuring the intracellular level of sialic acid and CMP-NeuNAc in muta...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.164.2.854-860.1985
更新日期：1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Klebsiella pneumoniae is a nosocomial pathogen frequently isolated from opportunistic infections, especially in clinical environments. In spite of its potential pathogenicity, this microorganism has several metabolic potentials that could be used in biotechnology applications. K. pneumoniae is able to metabolize glyce...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.01077-08
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lüderitz, O. (Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Frieburg, Germany), H. J. Risse, H. Schulte-Holthausen, J. L. Strominger, I. W. Sutherland, and O. Westphal. Biochemical studies of the smooth-rough mutation in Salmonella minnesota. J. Bacteriol. 89:343-354. 1965.-A comparative study of the O antigen from the smoot...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.89.2.343-354.1965
更新日期：1965-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subgenomic DNA microarrays were employed to evaluate the expression of the accessory gene regulator (agr locus) as well as multiple virulence-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Gene expression was examined during growth of S. aureus in vitro in standard laboratory medium and rabbit serum and in vivo in subcuta...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.184.4.1095-1101.2002
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Signal transduction protein P(II) is dephosphorylated in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by protein phosphatase PphA. To determine the impact of PphA-mediated P(II) dephosphorylation on physiology, the phenotype of a PphA-deficient mutant was analyzed. Mutants lacking either PphA or P(II) were impaired in efficient ...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.187.19.6683-6690.2005
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two Rhizobium phaseoli mutants, isolated previously by Tn5 mutagenesis, elicited infection threads which ceased development prematurely, usually within root hairs. These infection threads were wide, globular, and otherwise altered in morphology, compared with normal infection threads. Anatomy and division of the root ...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.168.3.1392-1401.1986
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the derivation of two strains of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 which are r- m+ for all three of the known chromosomal genes for the restriction and modification of DNA, hsdLT, hsdSA, and hsdSB; the strains were designated LB5000 and LB5010. LB5000 is a smooth derivative sensitive to phage P22; LB5010 is a gal...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.156.1.471-474.1983
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cryptic promoter, designated P alpha, initiates transcription within the O(R) region of bacteriophage lambda. Transcription from P alpha proceeds in the direction of the cI repressor gene from sites 46 and 48 bp preceding the PRM transcription start site. P alpha is likely to compete with both PR and PRM for formati...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.175.17.5648-5654.1993
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kinA (spoIIJ) locus contains a single gene which codes for a protein of 69,170 daltons showing strong homology to the transmitter kinases of two component regulatory systems. The purified kinase autophosphorylates in the presence of ATP and mediates the transfer of phosphate to the Spo0A and Spo0F sporulation regu...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.171.11.6187-6196.1989
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate) is an important intermediate in tryptophan metabolism. In order to investigate the degradation of tryptophan through anthranilate by Burkholderia cepacia, several plasposon mutations were constructed of strain DBO1 and one mutant with the plasposon insertion in the anthranilate dioxygena...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.185.19.5871-5881.2003
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Escherichia coli, pyrimidine-mediated regulation of upp expression occurs by UTP-sensitive selection of alternative transcriptional start sites, which produces transcripts that differ in the ability to be elongated. The upp initially transcribed region contains the sequence GATTTTTTTTG (nontemplate strand). Initiat...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.183.1.221-228.2001
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) gene of Escherichia coli was cloned on a broad-host-range cosmid vector and expressed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a low level. Plasmid pAD3, which harbors the E. coli pmi gene, contains a 6.2-kilobase-pair HindIII fragment derived from the chromosome of E. coli. Subcloning produced ...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.161.1.249-257.1985
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three gene libraries of Bordetella avium 197 DNA were prepared in Escherichia coli LE392 by using the cosmid vectors pCP13 and pYA2329, a derivative of pCP13 specifying spectinomycin resistance. The cosmid libraries were screened with convalescent-phase anti-B. avium turkey sera and polyclonal rabbit antisera against ...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.174.23.7729-7742.1992
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Streptococcus agalactiae cultures possess an aerobic pathway for glucose oxidation that is strongly inhibited by cyanide. The products of glucose oxidation by aerobically grown cells of S. agalactiae 50 are lactic and acetic acids, acetylmethylcarbinol, and carbon dioxide. Glucose degradation products by aerobically g...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.94.1.184-191.1967
更新日期：1967-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The initial reactions involved in the catabolism of fructose in Pseudomonas aeruginosa include the participation of a phosphoenolpyruvate:fructose 1-phosphotransferase system (F-PTS). Fractionation of crude extracts of fructose-grown cells revealed that both membrane-associated and soluble components were essential fo...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/JB.149.2.534-541.1982
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In many bacteria, the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein plays a central role in the regulation of iron uptake genes. Because iron figures prominently in the agriculturally important symbiosis between soybean and its nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum, we wanted to assess the role of Fur in the i...
journal_title：Journal of bacteriology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1128/jb.186.5.1409-1414.2004
更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00
