Significance of bound water to local chain conformations in protein crystals.

abstract：:Coacervation is a common phenomenon in natural polymers and has been applied to synthetic materials systems for coatings, adhesives, and encapsulants. Single-component coacervates are formed when block polyampholytes exhibit self-coacervation, phase separating into a dense liquid coacervate phase rich in the polyampho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Danielsen SPO,McCarty J,Shea JE,Delaney KT,Fredrickson GH

更新日期：2019-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to characterize blue light responses from chloroplasts of adaxial guard cells from Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense) and coleoptile tips from corn (Zea mays). The chloroplast response to blue light was quantified by measurements of the blue light-induced enhancement of a red light-s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Quiñones MA,Lu Z,Zeiger E

更新日期：1996-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4 can physically associate with the CD3-T-cell receptor complex as visualized in cocapping experiments. This association occurs when the T-cell receptor is cross-linked by certain anti-variable region antibodies that appear to induce a conformational change in the receptor such that it associate with CD4. Similar as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rojo JM,Saizawa K,Janeway CA Jr

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, utilization of galactose requires four inducible enzyme activities. Three of these activities (galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, EC 2.7.7.10; uridine diphosphogalactose 4-epimerase, EC 5.1.3.2; and galactokinase, EC 2.7.1.6) are specified by three tightly linked genes (GAL7, GAL10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hopper JE,Broach JR,Rowe LB

更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estradiol-17beta administration to young (10- to 12-week-old) rabbits to produce the "estrogen-dominated" uterus increased the uterine contractile response to both oxytocin and methacholine in vitro. In "progesterone-dominated" uteri, obtained from rabbits that received progesterone for 4 days after estrogen pretreatm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nissenson R,Fluoret G,Hechter O

更新日期：1978-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most fundamental functions of the brain is to predict upcoming events on the basis of the recent past. A closely related function is to signal when a prediction has been violated. The identity of the brain regions that mediate these functions is not known. We set out to determine whether they are implemente...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer T,Olson CR

更新日期：2011-11-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes produces a high frequency of substitutions of all four bases, which are likely generated by low-fidelity DNA polymerases. Indeed, humans deficient for DNA polymerase (pol) eta have decreased substitutions of A.T base pairs in variable and switch regions. To study the role of pol e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Martomo SA,Yang WW,Wersto RP,Ohkumo T,Kondo Y,Yokoi M,Masutani C,Hanaoka F,Gearhart PJ

更新日期：2005-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a malignant tumor of the nasal mucosa whose histogenesis is unclear. A relationship to neuroblastoma (NB), a pediatric tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, is based on morphologic similarities and the expression of similar neural antigens. However, the clinical presentation of ONB ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sorensen PH,Wu JK,Berean KW,Lim JF,Donn W,Frierson HF,Reynolds CP,López-Terrada D,Triche TJ

更新日期：1996-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The balance between mitochondrial fusion and fission influences the reticular shape of mitochondria in yeasts. Little is known about whether mitochondria fusion occurs in plants. Plant mitochondria are usually more numerous and more grain-shaped than animal mitochondria. BLAST searches of the nuclear and mitochondrial...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Arimura S,Yamamoto J,Aida GP,Nakazono M,Tsutsumi N

更新日期：2004-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Fully atomistic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations of perfluoroalkylalkane molecules at the surface of water show the spontaneous formation of aggregates whose size and topography closely resemble the experimentally observed hemimicelles for this system. Furthermore, the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) pat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silva GMC,Morgado P,Lourenço P,Goldmann M,Filipe EJM

更新日期：2019-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:BALB/c mice immunized with myeloma proteins 315 or 460 made antibodies to the individually specific ("idiotypic") determinants of these proteins and suppressed growth of the corresponding transplanted tumor cells (MOPC-315 or MOPC-460). Stable, variant MOPC-315 tumors that produce only the light chain of protein 315 g...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lynch RG,Graff RJ,Sirisinha S,Simms ES,Eisen HN

更新日期：1972-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In HL-60 cells, a human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, the human c-myc gene, designated MYC, is amplified about 16-fold. On differentiation of the HL-60 cells into granulocytes induced by several inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase [NAD+ poly(adenosine diphosphate D-ribose)ADP-D-ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.3...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shima H,Nakayasu M,Aonuma S,Sugimura T,Nagao M

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease composed of divergent molecular and histologic subtypes, including prostate adenocarcinoma (PrAd) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). While PrAd is the major histology in prostate cancer, NEPC can evolve from PrAd as a mechanism of treatment resistance that involves a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee JK,Bangayan NJ,Chai T,Smith BA,Pariva TE,Yun S,Vashisht A,Zhang Q,Park JW,Corey E,Huang J,Graeber TG,Wohlschlegel J,Witte ON

更新日期：2018-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a sirtuin family deacetylase that directs acetylome signaling, protects genome integrity, and is a murine tumor suppressor. We show that SIRT2 directs replication stress responses by regulating the activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), a protein required for recovery from replication arres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang H,Park SH,Pantazides BG,Karpiuk O,Warren MD,Hardy CW,Duong DM,Park SJ,Kim HS,Vassilopoulos A,Seyfried NT,Johnsen SA,Gius D,Yu DS

更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Flowering time (i.e., heading date in crops) is an important ecological trait that determines growing seasons and regional adaptability of plants to specific natural environments. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a short-day plant that originated in the tropics. Increasing evidence suggests that the northward expansion of cu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu W,Zheng XM,Lu G,Zhong Z,Gao H,Chen L,Wu C,Wang HJ,Wang Q,Zhou K,Wang JL,Wu F,Zhang X,Guo X,Cheng Z,Lei C,Lin Q,Jiang L,Wang H,Ge S,Wan J

更新日期：2013-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Human settlement of Oceania marked the culmination of a global colonization process that began when humans first left Africa at least 90,000 years ago. The precise origins and dispersal routes of the Austronesian peoples and the associated Lapita culture remain contentious, and numerous disparate models of dispersal (...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Larson G,Cucchi T,Fujita M,Matisoo-Smith E,Robins J,Anderson A,Rolett B,Spriggs M,Dolman G,Kim TH,Thuy NT,Randi E,Doherty M,Due RA,Bollt R,Djubiantono T,Griffin B,Intoh M,Keane E,Kirch P,Li KT,Morwood M,Pedriñ

更新日期：2007-03-20 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro, polynucleotide phosphorylase of Escherichia coli can both synthesize RNA by using nucleotide diphosphates as precursors and exonucleolytically degrade RNA in the presence of inorganic phosphate. However, because of the high in vivo concentration of inorganic phosphate in exponentially growing cells, it has b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mohanty BK,Kushner SR

更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The complexity and specificity of metazoan transcription are determined by combinatorial control of the composition and activity of regulatory complexes. To investigate the basis of this specificity, we focused on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a single regulatory factor that integrates multiple signals to give ris...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen SH,Masuno K,Cooper SB,Yamamoto KR

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Corazonin is a highly conserved neuropeptide hormone of wide-spread occurrence in insects yet is associated with no universally recognized function. After discovery of the corazonin receptor in Drosophila, we identified its ortholog in the moth, Manduca sexta, as a prelude to physiological studies. The corazonin recep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim YJ,Spalovská-Valachová I,Cho KH,Zitnanova I,Park Y,Adams ME,Zitnan D

更新日期：2004-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The severe cooling and the expansion of the ice sheets during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), 27,000-19,000 y ago (27-19 ky ago) had a major impact on plant and animal populations, including humans. Changes in human population size and range have affected our genetic evolution, and recent modeling efforts have reaffir...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tallavaara M,Luoto M,Korhonen N,Järvinen H,Seppä H

更新日期：2015-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have shown previously that hydroxyl radicals (HO*) can be produced by H2O2 and halogenated quinones, independent of transition metal ions; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. In the present study, using the electron spin resonance secondary radical spin-trapping method, we found that tetra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhu BZ,Kalyanaraman B,Jiang GB

更新日期：2007-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Fetal cerebral neurons at the initiation of active neurite outgrowth in culture incorporate 4-fold more [3H]glucosamine into glycoproteins than into the cellular lipid fraction. After 8 days or longer, when a well-developed fiber network is apparent, lipids are labeled more extensively than the glycoproteins. Labeling...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yavin E,Richter-Landsberg C,Duksin D,Yavin Z

更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report the use of engineered ribozymes to shuffle exon cassettes in vitro. Specifically, we have designed derivatives of a group II intron that insert into selected sites in the human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) mRNA. The insertion reaction links t-PA sequences to the group II intron sequences so that trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mikheeva S,Jarrell KA

更新日期：1996-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system, myelin proteolipid protein isoforms (PLP and DM20) play an essential structural role in myelination. It has been shown in several species that myelination is impaired by molecular defects resulting from single base mutations in the PLP gene. We have used DNA amplification by polymerase c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pham-Dinh D,Popot JL,Boespflug-Tanguy O,Landrieu P,Deleuze JF,Boué J,Jollès P,Dautigny A

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study we sought to better understand the role of the glycoprotein quality control machinery in the assembly of MHC class I molecules with high-affinity peptides. The lectin-like chaperone calreticulin (CRT) and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57 participate in the final step of this process as part of the peptide-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wearsch PA,Peaper DR,Cresswell P

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnt signaling regulates many aspects of development by increasing the signaling activity of beta-catenin. Axin is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, and it is responsible for the formation of the beta-catenin degradation complex. Genetic studies with Drosophila suggest that Axin promotes cytoplasmic lo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cong F,Varmus H

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Diverse motivations for preserving nature both inspire and hinder its conservation. Optimal conservation strategies may differ radically depending on the objective. For example, creating nature reserves may prevent extinctions through protecting severely threatened species, whereas incentivizing farmland hedgerows may...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Karp DS,Mendenhall CD,Callaway E,Frishkoff LO,Kareiva PM,Ehrlich PR,Daily GC

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have analyzed the patterns of positive and negative selection of thymocytes expressing the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) from the D10.G4.1 T cell clone. This TCR confers reactivity to several non-self MHC class II alleles with a remarkably broad range of avidities. Therefore, negative selection can be studied when ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sant'Angelo DB,Janeway CA Jr

更新日期：2002-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a general method for screening, in solution, the impact of deviations from canonical Watson-Crick composition on the thermodynamic stability of nucleic acid duplexes. We demonstrate how fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be used to detect directly free energy differences between an initially f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gelfand CA,Plum GE,Mielewczyk S,Remeta DP,Breslauer KJ

更新日期：1999-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Turkey erythrocyte membranes showed specific binding of [(3)H]epinephrine. The concentration of hormone required for half-maximal binding (30 muM) was the same as that required for half-maximal activation of the adenylate cyclase located in the same membrane preparation. The binding reaction at 37 degrees C reached co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schramm M,Feinstein H,Naim E,Lang E,Lasser M

更新日期：1972-02-01 00:00:00