Abstract：
:Interactions between chemicals in a mixture and interactions of mixture components with the skin can significantly alter the rate and extent of percutaneous absorption, as well as the cutaneous disposition of a topically applied chemical. The predictive ability of dermal absorption models, and consequently the dermal risk assessment process, would be greatly improved by the elucidation and characterization of these interactions. Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a compound known to penetrate the skin readily, was used as a marker compound to examine mixture component effects using in vitro porcine skin models. PCP was administered in ethanol or in a 40% ethanol/60% water mixture or a 40% ethanol/60% water mixture containing either the rubefacient methyl nicotinate (MNA) or the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or both MNA and SLS. Experiments were also conducted with 14C-labelled 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB). Maximal PCP absorption was 14.12% of the applied dose from the mixture containing SLS, MNA, ethanol and water. However, when PCP was administered in ethanol only, absorption was only 1.12% of the applied dose. There were also qualitative differences among the absorption profiles for the different PCP mixtures. In contrast with the PCP results, absorption of TCB or PCB was negligible in perfused porcine skin, with only 0.14% of the applied TCB dose and 0.05% of the applied PCB dose being maximally absorbed. The low absorption levels for the PCB congeners precluded the identification of mixture component effects. These results suggest that dermal absorption estimates from a single chemical exposure may not reflect absorption seen after exposure as a chemical mixture and that absorption of both TCB and PCB are minimal in this model system.
journal_name
Arch Toxicoljournal_title
Archives of toxicologyauthors
Riviere JE,Qiao G,Baynes RE,Brooks JD,Mumtaz Mdoi
10.1007/s002040100242keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
329-34issue
6eissn
0340-5761issn
1432-0738journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Long-term exposure of rats to cadmium (Cd) resulted in a marked suppression of erythropoietin (Epo) mRNA expression in the kidneys and the development of severe anemia. A recent report revealed that Cd inhibited hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) binding activity and Epo mRNA expression and protein production. However...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-003-0444-0
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phytoestrogens have been described as weak estrogens, selective estrogen receptor mediators (SERMs) or to exhibit antiestrogenic properties. However, information about their activity in combination with xenoestrogens and 17beta-estradiol in vivo, is limited. Therefore, the combinatory activity of the phytoestrogen gen...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-006-0102-4
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of methantheline, a quaternary ammonium compound, on the reactivation by HI 6 of soman-inhibited human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was investigated in vitro using purified human erythrocyte AChE or washed human erythrocytes. Methantheline itself was found to be a mixed competitive/non-competitiv...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040050243
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The routinely used analytical method for detecting the abuse of anabolic steroids only allows the detection of molecules with known analytical properties. In our supplementary approach to structure-independent detection, substances are identified by their biological activity. In the present study, urines excreted afte...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-010-0590-0
更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The involvement of oxidative stress has been suggested as a mechanism for neurotoxicity caused by methylmercury (MeHg), but the mechanism for MeHg selective toxicity in the central nervous system is still unclear. In this research, to clarify the mechanism of selective neurotoxicity caused by MeHg, the oxygen consumpt...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-007-0209-2
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated whether paraquat (Pq)-induced lipidic peroxidation (LP) is accompanied by changes in blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in rats. Groups of adult male Wistar rats were studied 2 and 12 h after Pq (35 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. The LP was evaluated by monitoring thiobarbituric acid reactive sub...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-005-0660-x
更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The organophosphorus (OP) pesticide malathion is a neurotoxic compound whose acute toxicity is primarily caused by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to cholinergic syndrome-related symptoms. Some lines of evidence indicate that long-term exposure to low levels of OP may produce neuropsychiatric an...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-015-1466-0
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyclonal antibodies raised toward a debrisoquine 4-hydroxylating cytochrome P-450 species purified from rat liver (P-450UT-A) were used to determine which monooxygenase reactions are linked to debrisoquine hydroxylation in human liver. Anti P-450UT-A did not inhibit the oxidation of dimethylnitrosamine, morphine, di...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00296955
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The circadian rhythms of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase (low values, during light, rising in the evening with maximum at 12.00 p.m.) are investigated in rats under diverse conditions. Intragastral administration of cholestyramine (bile acid-absorbing resin) leads to an increased rhythm of both e...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00340534
更新日期：1976-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous administration of lead acetate to rabbits for 10 weeks at 2 week intervals resulted in significantly elevated blood lead levels, slight anemia with marked microspherocytosis and moderate basophilic stippling, and marked depression of red cell delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase activity. However th...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00695874
更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess the neurotoxicity of diazinon oxon (DZO), a major in vivo metabolite of the phosphorothionate insecticide diazinon (DZ), on differentiating mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. When used at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10 microM, DZO did not cause cell death but it impaired the outgrowth of...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-008-0339-1
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro assays are often used for the hazard characterisation of compounds, but their application for quantitative risk assessment purposes is limited. This is because in vitro assays cannot provide a complete in vivo dose-response curve from which a point of departure (PoD) for risk assessment can be derived, like t...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-013-1107-4
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are environmental pollutants showing high accumulation, thermochemical stability and hepatocarcinogenicity. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is suggested to mediate their toxicities, but the precise mechanism remains unclear. Previou...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-016-1888-3
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent intervention study demonstrated the occurrence of irilone as second most abundant isoflavone next to daidzein in human plasma after consumption of a red clover-based dietary supplement (RCDS) containing predominately formononetin ≫ biochanin A > irilone (12 % of these isoflavones). To elucidate the relevance ...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-013-1114-5
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-respons...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of small repeated oral doses of mono-2-cresyl diphenyl phosphate (MOCP, 2.5 mg/kg/day) on hen brain and spinal cord neurotoxic esterase (NTE) were measured. The enzyme levels were depressed to about 40% and 55% of normal respectively and maintained at that level for 8 weeks. No clinical and only doubtful h...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00293807
更新日期：1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of perfusion with a medium containing 12 or 24 micrograms Cadmium (as CdCl2) per ml on this metal's accumulation, transfer rate and metallothionein (MT) level. The experiments were performed with an isolated lobule of a dually-perfused human term placenta....
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01968966
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cocaine is an intrinsic hepatotoxin in laboratory animals, and there is growing evidence that high doses of cocaine can precipitate hepatic necrosis in humans. The rodent model of cocaine hepatotoxicity is commensurate with the concept that a multistep mainly cytochrome P-450 dependent N-oxidative pathway is responsib...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF02284256
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occupational and environmental asbestos exposure is the main determinant of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), however, the mechanisms by which its fibres contribute to cell toxicity and transformation are not completely clear. Aberrant DNA methylation is a common event in cancer but epigenetic modifications involv...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-018-2179-y
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A predictive test using mice for the identification of contact sensitizing chemicals was developed. Contact sensitizing activity is measured as a function of draining lymph node activation following application of test chemical. Experimental conditions for assessment of induced lymph node cell (LNC) responses have bee...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01974070
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hepatoproliferative and cytochrome P450 enzyme inducing effects of two antiestrogens, tamoxifen and toremifene, were compared in female Sprague-Dawley rats using immunohistochemical staining methods. Equimolar doses of the antiestrogens (tamoxifen 45 mg/kg and toremifene 48 mg/kg) were given by oral administration...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040000116
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The covalent binding of 14C-1,1,2-trichloroethylene (14C-TRI) metabolites to calf thymus DNA in vitro and to RNA and DNA of mouse brain, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, and testis after repeated i.p. injections has been studied. Hydrolysates of DNA reacted with 14C-TRI in vitro and hydrolysates of RNA and DNA f...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01239202
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When rats were dosed with 14 microgram/kg 3H-isoproterenol, 3H-radioactivity was measurable in the liver until 48 h. This amount was not different in livers of animals which have been pretreated with diethyl maleate. After exhaustive extraction, a significant amount of 3H-radioactivity from isoproterenol could be dete...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00343273
更新日期：1977-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure. Yet the mechanisms underlying adaptive tolerance toward APAP-induced liver injury are not fully understood. To better understand molecular mechanisms contributing to adaptive tolerance to APAP is an underpinning foundation for APAP-related prec...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-017-2090-y
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is produced in wheat, barley and corn following infestation by the fungus Fusarium in the field and during storage. Colloquially known as "vomitoxin" because of its emetic effects in pigs, DON has been associated with human gastroenteritis. Since DON is commonly detecte...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00204-010-0579-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic activation of the heterocyclic amine 3-amino -1,4-dimethyl-5 H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (Trp-P-1) and 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity were examined in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 15-day-old chicken and 18-day-old eider duck embryos. The embryos were pretreated with an Ah receptor agonist,...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040000128
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In recent years test systems have been described that may be applied routinely to discriminate between contact allergens and irritants in vitro. Using human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC), this study was designed to refine the settings of a potential routine screening protocol for contact allergens and to inv...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-004-0606-8
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition mechanism(s) of protein kinase B/Akt1 and its consequences on related cell signaling were investigated in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE), one of the most reactive aldehyde by-products of lipid peroxidation. In silico data indicate that 4-HNE interacts with kin...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00204-014-1260-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies indicate that benzanthrone, an anthraquinone dye intermediate, caused significant depletion of ascorbic acid (AsA). In this investigation the effect of benzanthrone on the status of different forms of AsA and other bio-antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) was studied. Oral administration of benzanth...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002040100222
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The reduction of 20 microM hexavalent chromium [chromium(VI)] by L-ascorbic acid (AsA) (0.06-2 mM) and/or glutathione (GSH) (2-15 mM) in buffer solutions, cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluids or soluble fractions of rat lungs was investigated at physiological pH (37 degrees C). The reduction in AsA solution was pse...
journal_title：Archives of toxicology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02010721
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
