Abstract:
:This article characterizes the occurrence of biphasic dose responses by adenosine and its stable analogs in numerous systems, including the respiratory tract, kidney, cardiovascular system, and brain. Considerable mechanistic research on various systems explored and clarified the interactions of the A-1 and A-2 receptors and their interactive influence on the occurrence of the biphasic dose responses. In general, the maximum stimulatory response was 2.5-fold or less than controls, while the stimulatory concentration range was quite variable ranging from 10- to 10(5)-fold.
journal_name
Crit Rev Toxicoljournal_title
Critical reviews in toxicologyauthors
Calabrese EJdoi
10.1080/20014091111811keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-07-01 00:00:00pages
539-51issue
4-5eissn
1040-8444issn
1547-6898journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Histamine poisoning can result from the ingestion of food containing unusually high levels of histamine. Fish are most commonly involved in incidents of histamine poisoning, although cheese has also been implicated on occasion. The historic involvement of tuna and mackerel in histamine poisoning led to the longtime us...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408448609023767
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) poses a major challenge to the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. It causes both drug attrition and post-approval withdrawal of drugs. DIC represents itself as an impaired secretion and flow of bile, leading to the pathological hepatic and/or systemic accumulation of bile a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1635081
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroexcitatory symptoms of acute poisoning of vertebrates by pyrethroids are related to the ability of these insecticides to modify electrical activity in various parts of the nervous system. Repetitive nerve activity, particularly in the sensory nervous system, membrane depolarization, and enhanced neurotransmitter ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449009089875
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heme biosynthetic pathway is closely controlled by levels of the end product of the pathway, namely, heme, and porphyrins are normally formed in only trace amounts. When control mechanisms are disturbed by xenobiotics, porphyrins accumulate and serve as a signal of the interaction between a xenobiotic and the heme...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408448509029323
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral absorption efficiency is an important factor to consider in human risk assessment and varies widely between elements. Linking absorption efficiency to chemical properties facilitates the understanding of underlying processes and enables extrapolation across elements. In our study, oral absorption efficiency in hu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.813906
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicological and epidemiological evidence on the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and birth/fetal weight was assessed. An extensive search for toxicological information in rats and mice, and a systematic search for epidemiological evidence were conducted. The l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1271972
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of toxicology is currently undergoing a global paradigm shift to use of in vitro approaches for assessing the risks of chemicals and drugs in a more mechanistic and high throughput manner than current approaches relying primarily on in vivo testing. However, reliance on in vitro data entails a number of new ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.692115
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globally, oral cancer is one of the ten common cancers. In some parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, oral cancer is a major cancer problem. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for oral cancer. The most common form of tobacco use, cigarette smoking, demonstrates a very high relative risk--in...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449609017930
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisome proliferators are a structurally diverse group of compounds that include the fibrate hypolipidemic drugs, the phthalate ester industrial plasticizers, the phenoxy acid herbicides, and the anti-wetting corrosion inhibitors perfluorinated straight-chain monocarboxylic fatty acids. Administration of these chem...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408449891344182
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, an overview is presented of the current knowledge of genetic polymorphisms of four of the most important enzyme families involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, that is, the N-acetyltransferase (NAT), cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) enz...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408449991349186
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potential chronic health risks for children and prospective parents exposed to ethylbenzene were evaluated in response to the Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program. Ethylbenzene exposure was found to be predominately via inhalation with recent data demonstrating continuing decreases in releases and both out...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1046157
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of cancer. In this context, considerable attention is paid to Asian populations who consume high amounts of soy and soy-derived isoflavones, and have a lower risk for several cancer types such as breast and prostate cancers than populations in West...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2010.541900
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The word "cannabinoid" refers to every chemical substance, regardless of structure or origin, that joins the cannabinoid receptors of the body and brain and that have similar effects to those produced by the Cannabis plant and based on their source of production, cannabinoids can be classified into endocannabinoids, p...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1762539
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although benzene is best known as a compound that causes bone marrow depression leading to aplastic anemia in animals and humans, it also induces acute myelogenous leukemia in humans. The epidemiological evidence for leukemogenesis in humans is contrasted with the results of animal bioassays. This review focuses on se...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449409021605
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Examination of the eye in experiments designed to test the toxicity of drugs or chemicals is of considerable importance and the investigator must have a clear idea of the spontaneous eye changes he can expect in the test species. We have attempted to review the literature relating to commonly used laboratory animals--...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408448409023759
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant protection products (PPPs) and the active substance(s) contained within them are rigorously and comprehensively tested prior to registration to ensure that human health is not impacted by their use. In recent years, there has been a widespread drive to have more relevant testing strategies (e.g., ILSI/HESI-ACSA ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.910753
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydroquinone (HQ) is a high-volume commodity chemical used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, and chemical intermediate. It is also used in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs as an ingredient in skin lighteners and is a natural ingredient in many plant-derived products, including vegetables, fruits,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408449991349221
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) is commonly used in various mid-Atlantic states for suppression of gypsy moths in hardwood forests. DFB is potentially toxic to nontarget biota because it can enter aquatic systems through aerial application or runoff after precipitation events. Based on this concern, the objectives...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449209145321
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::As long as no effective malaria vaccine is available, chemotherapy belongs to the most important weapons fighting malaria. One of the most promising new drug developments is the sesquiterpene artemisinin (ARS) and its derivatives, e.g., artemether, arteether, and sodium artesunate. Large clinical studies and meta-anal...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408441003610571
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in our environment and can cause cancer. Exposure to PAHs can be assessed by protein adduct dosimetry using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as a model compound. We present an overview of analytical methods to detect B[a]P- derived protein adducts in humans, their uses in e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408440903283633
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The IPCS Human Relevance Framework was evaluated for a DNA-reactive (genotoxic) carcinogen, 4-aminobiphenyl, based on a wealth of data in animals and humans. The mode of action involves metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation, followed by N-esterification leading to the formation of a reactive electrophile, which bind...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440600977651
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used in medical science (e.g. bioimaging, diagnosis, and drug therapy delivery). Due to unique physicochemical properties, they are able to cross many barriers, which is not possible for traditional drugs. Nevertheless, exposure to NPs and their following ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1719974
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative weight of evidence (QWoE) provides a framework and process for evaluating different toxicological studies based on quality and relevance of the results. This framework allows for data from these studies to be combined in separate lines of evidence to address causality, and relevance to environmental risks...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1701985
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) have the potential to accumulate within a woman's body lipids over the course of many years prior to pregnancy, to partition into human milk, and to transfer to infants upon breastfeeding. As a result of this accumulation and partitioning, a breastfeeding infant's ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.926306
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is ubiquitous in most regions of the world. The most commonly studied PFASs are perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Animal studies indicate that maternal PFAS exposure is associated with reduced fetal growth. Howeve...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.952400
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a ubiquitous atmospheric pollutant due to the widespread prevalence of both natural and anthropogenic sources, and it can be a respiratory irritant when inhaled at elevated concentrations. Evidence for health effects of ambient NO2 derives from three types of studies: observational epidemiolo...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408440903294945
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past 30 years, thousands of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been published for all sorts of chemicals acting on many forms of life or parts thereof (DNA, enzymes, organelles, etc.). Very little effort has been made to show the relationship among these equations. In this report, we ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449509089887
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial systems have long been of use in toxicology. In addition to providing general models of enzymes and paradigms for biochemistry and molecular biology, they have been adapted to practical genotoxicity assays. More recently, bacteria also have been used in the production of mammalian enzymes of relevance to tox...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449609037477
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently concluded that there is likely to be a causal relationship between short-term (< 30 days) ozone exposure and cardiovascular (CV) effects; however, biological mechanisms to link transient effects with chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been established. S...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1031371
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Styrene is metabolized to styrene oxide, a direct-acting mutagen and carcinogen. Styrene oxide reacts with DNA mainly at the N-7 position in guanine, but also at other sites and with other bases. Substitution occurs at both the alpha- and beta-positions of the styrene molecule. Experiments with radiolabeled styrene an...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449409020139
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00