Abstract:
:The heme biosynthetic pathway is closely controlled by levels of the end product of the pathway, namely, heme, and porphyrins are normally formed in only trace amounts. When control mechanisms are disturbed by xenobiotics, porphyrins accumulate and serve as a signal of the interaction between a xenobiotic and the heme biosynthetic pathway. For example, an increase in erythrocyte protoporphyrin is a useful measurement for early detection of exposure to lead and porphyrinuria was an early manifestation of a hexachlorobenzene-induced porphyria in Turkey. In recent years a variety of additional xenobiotics has been shown to interact with the heme biosynthetic pathway, namely, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides, sulfides, and a variety of metals. Moreover, different xenobiotics (e.g., dihydropyridines and compounds containing unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds) interact with the prosthetic heme of cytochrome P-450 forming novel N-alkylporphyrins.
journal_name
Crit Rev Toxicoljournal_title
Critical reviews in toxicologyauthors
Marks GSdoi
10.3109/10408448509029323subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-01-01 00:00:00pages
151-79issue
2eissn
1040-8444issn
1547-6898journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Valproic acid (VPA) has long been known to cause spina bifida, a neural tube defect, and other effects in fetuses of women treated with this drug. Toxicological tests in laboratory mice and rats at human therapeutic doses also show neural tube and other defects. Studies show that VPA alters Wnt signaling in human and ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440591007403
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.709225
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to combustion-derived particles, quartz and asbestos is associated with increased levels of oxidized and mutagenic DNA lesions. The aim of this survey was to critically assess the measurements of oxidatively damaged DNA as marker of particle-induced genotoxicity in animal tissues. Publications based on non-op...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.756456
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in our environment and can cause cancer. Exposure to PAHs can be assessed by protein adduct dosimetry using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as a model compound. We present an overview of analytical methods to detect B[a]P- derived protein adducts in humans, their uses in e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders and occupational groups, their urinary levels were also reviewed. In the general population, 2,4-D ex...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular stress response protects organisms from damage resulting from exposure to a wide variety of stressors, including elevated temperatures, ultraviolet (UV) light, trace metals, and xenobiotics. The stress response entails the rapid synthesis of a suite of proteins referred to as stress proteins, or heat-shoc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449309104074
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of proteinuria. A great variety of hemodynamic or biochemical mechanisms acting at different sites of the nephron have been shown to alter the renal handling and the urinary excretion of proteins....
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.692115
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1996, the US Environmental Protection Agency was given a mandate by Congress to develop a screening program that would evaluate whether variously identified compounds could affect human health by mimicking or interfering with normal endocrine regulatory functions. Toward this end, the Agency chartered the Endocrine...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440091159185
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::An earlier review of the toxicity of glyphosate and the original Roundup™-branded formulation concluded that neither glyphosate nor the formulation poses a risk for the production of heritable/somatic mutations in humans. The present review of subsequent genotoxicity publications and regulatory studies of glyphosate a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.770820
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) have the potential to accumulate within a woman's body lipids over the course of many years prior to pregnancy, to partition into human milk, and to transfer to infants upon breastfeeding. As a result of this accumulation and partitioning, a breastfeeding infant's ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.926306
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxisome proliferators are a structurally diverse group of compounds that include the fibrate hypolipidemic drugs, the phthalate ester industrial plasticizers, the phenoxy acid herbicides, and the anti-wetting corrosion inhibitors perfluorinated straight-chain monocarboxylic fatty acids. Administration of these chem...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dr. Edward Calabrese asserts that hormetic responses occur in neural systems, and provides ample review of evidence to support this claim. In this essay, we survey Dr. Calabrese's findings, illustrate the somewhat provocative premise of hormesis, and posit that while evidence suggests that amplification of low-dose ef...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The IPCS Human Relevance Framework was evaluated for a DNA-reactive (genotoxic) carcinogen, 4-aminobiphenyl, based on a wealth of data in animals and humans. The mode of action involves metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation, followed by N-esterification leading to the formation of a reactive electrophile, which bind...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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abstract::A nomenclature for tumors of the mouse hematopoietic system is proposed. This nomenclature, which will be particularly appropriate for use in safety assessment studies, employs basic cytologic terminology, and subclassifications may take into consideration tissue sites and the presence or absence of leukemia. Analysis...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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abstract::A 1999 California state agency cancer potency (CP) evaluation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) assumed linear risk extrapolations from tumor data were plausible because of limited evidence that MTBE or its metabolites could damage DNA, and based such extrapolations on data from rat gavage and rat and mouse inhalation...
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更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) poses a major challenge to the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. It causes both drug attrition and post-approval withdrawal of drugs. DIC represents itself as an impaired secretion and flow of bile, leading to the pathological hepatic and/or systemic accumulation of bile a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
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更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycotoxin problems are one of great concern to health scientists. Toxic fungal metabolites such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and others are contaminated in our environments and induce various diseases. In this manuscript, the author will summarize the recent advances on toxicology of mycotoxins in specia...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this review, an overview is presented of the current knowledge of genetic polymorphisms of four of the most important enzyme families involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, that is, the N-acetyltransferase (NAT), cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) enz...
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更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00