Quantitative in vitro to in vivo extrapolation of cell-based toxicity assay results.

abstract：:Aniline (in the form of its hydrochloride) has been shown to induce a rather rare spectrum of tumors in the spleen of Fischer 344 rats. The dose levels necessary for this carcinogenic activity were in a range where also massive effects on the blood and non-neoplastic splenotoxicity as a consequence of methemoglobinemi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Bomhard EM,Herbold BA

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in our environment and can cause cancer. Exposure to PAHs can be assessed by protein adduct dosimetry using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as a model compound. We present an overview of analytical methods to detect B[a]P- derived protein adducts in humans, their uses in e...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Käfferlein HU,Marczynski B,Mensing T,Brüning T

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral absorption efficiency is an important factor to consider in human risk assessment and varies widely between elements. Linking absorption efficiency to chemical properties facilitates the understanding of underlying processes and enables extrapolation across elements. In our study, oral absorption efficiency in hu...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Le TT,Hendriks AJ

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used in medical science (e.g. bioimaging, diagnosis, and drug therapy delivery). Due to unique physicochemical properties, they are able to cross many barriers, which is not possible for traditional drugs. Nevertheless, exposure to NPs and their following ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Azarnezhad A,Samadian H,Jaymand M,Sobhani M,Ahmadi A

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perhaps no other topic in risk analysis is more difficult, more controversial, or more important to risk management policy analysts and decision-makers than how to draw valid, correctly qualified causal conclusions from observational data. Statistical methods can readily quantify associations between observed variable...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Cox LA Jr

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The incidence rates of a wide range of diseases and conditions have increased over the last decades. There is controversy over the origin of these increases, whether they are caused by exposure to compounds thought to have an effect on the endocrine system, the "endocrine disruption theory", or whether some other fact...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Swaen GMH,Boffetta P,Zeegers M

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The toxicological profiles of monopropylene glycol (MPG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), tripropylene glycol (TPG) and polypropylene glycols (PPG; including tetra-rich oligomers) are collectively reviewed, and assessed considering regulatory toxicology endpoints. The review confirms a rich data set for these compounds, cov...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Fowles JR,Banton MI,Pottenger LH

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1996, the US Environmental Protection Agency was given a mandate by Congress to develop a screening program that would evaluate whether variously identified compounds could affect human health by mimicking or interfering with normal endocrine regulatory functions. Toward this end, the Agency chartered the Endocrine...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Goldman JM,Laws SC,Balchak SK,Cooper RL,Kavlock RJ

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little consistency exists in the methodology for toxicological testing of aerosolized nanoparticles used in in vitro, air-interfaced culture (AIC) exposure systems for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) risk-assessment, preventing inter-laboratory comparisons to identify dose thresholds for adverse effects. These inconsi...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Secondo LE,Liu NJ,Lewinski NA

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The weight of the evidence from metabolic studies, short-term tests, animal bioassays, and epidemiological studies indicates that cyclamate (CHS) is not carcinogenic by itself; however, there is evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies in animals that implies it may have cancer-promoting or cocarcinogenic activity. ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Ahmed FE,Thomas DB

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pharmacokinetic basis for the design of toxicity tests is discussed with reference to the absorption and clearance of drugs. The absorption and clearance of a wide range of drugs by laboratory animals and man has been examined and reviewed to provide a firm basis against which new drugs can be compared. Some pitfa...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Clark B,Smith DA

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Valproic acid (VPA) has long been known to cause spina bifida, a neural tube defect, and other effects in fetuses of women treated with this drug. Toxicological tests in laboratory mice and rats at human therapeutic doses also show neural tube and other defects. Studies show that VPA alters Wnt signaling in human and ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Wiltse J

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycotoxin problems are one of great concern to health scientists. Toxic fungal metabolites such as aflatoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and others are contaminated in our environments and induce various diseases. In this manuscript, the author will summarize the recent advances on toxicology of mycotoxins in specia...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Ueno Y

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The IPCS Human Relevance Framework was evaluated for a DNA-reactive (genotoxic) carcinogen, 4-aminobiphenyl, based on a wealth of data in animals and humans. The mode of action involves metabolic activation by N-hydroxylation, followed by N-esterification leading to the formation of a reactive electrophile, which bind...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Cohen SM,Boobis AR,Meek ME,Preston RJ,McGregor DB

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantitative weight of evidence (QWoE) provides a framework and process for evaluating different toxicological studies based on quality and relevance of the results. This framework allows for data from these studies to be combined in separate lines of evidence to address causality, and relevance to environmental risks...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Hanson ML,Solomon KR,Van Der Kraak GJ,Brian RA

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders and occupational groups, their urinary levels were also reviewed. In the general population, 2,4-D ex...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Burns CJ,Swaen GM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The heme biosynthetic pathway is closely controlled by levels of the end product of the pathway, namely, heme, and porphyrins are normally formed in only trace amounts. When control mechanisms are disturbed by xenobiotics, porphyrins accumulate and serve as a signal of the interaction between a xenobiotic and the heme...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Marks GS

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) is commonly used in various mid-Atlantic states for suppression of gypsy moths in hardwood forests. DFB is potentially toxic to nontarget biota because it can enter aquatic systems through aerial application or runoff after precipitation events. Based on this concern, the objectives...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Fischer SA,Hall LW Jr

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may have other toxicological properties than petrodiesel. Particulate matter (PM) from petrodiesel causes cancer in the lung as a conseq...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Møller P,Scholten RH,Roursgaard M,Krais AM

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this review, an overview is presented of the current knowledge of genetic polymorphisms of four of the most important enzyme families involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, that is, the N-acetyltransferase (NAT), cytochrome P450 (P450), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) enz...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Wormhoudt LW,Commandeur JN,Vermeulen NP

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Due to the rapid development of a diverse array of nanoparticles, used in a wide variety of products, there are now many international activities to assess the potential toxicity of these materials. These particles are developed due to properties such as catalytic reactivity, high surface area, light emission properti...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Stone V,Johnston H,Schins RP

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 1999 California state agency cancer potency (CP) evaluation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) assumed linear risk extrapolations from tumor data were plausible because of limited evidence that MTBE or its metabolites could damage DNA, and based such extrapolations on data from rat gavage and rat and mouse inhalation...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Bogen KT,Heilman JM

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Globally, oral cancer is one of the ten common cancers. In some parts of the world, including the Indian subcontinent, oral cancer is a major cancer problem. Tobacco use is the most important risk factor for oral cancer. The most common form of tobacco use, cigarette smoking, demonstrates a very high relative risk--in...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Gupta PC,Murti PR,Bhonsle RB

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a significant threat to global health. It originated in Wuhan, China and caused a total of 83,483 confirmed cases and 4634 deaths until June 2020. This novel virus spread primarily through respiratory...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Rai NK,Ashok A,Akondi BR

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The word "cannabinoid" refers to every chemical substance, regardless of structure or origin, that joins the cannabinoid receptors of the body and brain and that have similar effects to those produced by the Cannabis plant and based on their source of production, cannabinoids can be classified into endocannabinoids, p...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Alves VL,Gonçalves JL,Aguiar J,Teixeira HM,Câmara JS

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rare adverse reactions to drugs that are of unknown etiology, or idiosyncratic reactions, can produce severe medical complications or even death in patients. Current hypotheses suggest that metabolic activation of a drug to a reactive intermediate is a necessary, yet insufficient, step in the generation of an idiosync...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Walgren JL,Mitchell MD,Thompson DC

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article provides a detailed assessment of the toxicological and pharmacological literature concerning alcohol-induced biphasic dose-response relationships. The assessment reveals that alcohol-induced hormetic-like dose-response relationships are commonly observed, highly generalizeable according to model and endp...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Calabrese EJ,Baldwin LA

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lung cancer mortality (LCM) has been associated with smoking and air pollution. This article draws on smoking relationships to clarify air pollution relationships. We analyzed cohort and population-based smoking studies and identified effects of latency and cumulative exposures. We found cogent relationships through l...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Lipfert FW,Wyzga RE

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of chemical-specific toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic data to address interspecies differences and human variability in the quantification of hazard has potential to reduce uncertainty and better characterize variability compared with the use of traditional default or categorically-based uncertainty fact...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Bhat VS,Meek MEB,Valcke M,English C,Boobis A,Brown R

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) have the potential to accumulate within a woman's body lipids over the course of many years prior to pregnancy, to partition into human milk, and to transfer to infants upon breastfeeding. As a result of this accumulation and partitioning, a breastfeeding infant's ...

journal_title：Critical reviews in toxicology

authors： Lehmann GM,Verner MA,Luukinen B,Henning C,Assimon SA,LaKind JS,McLanahan ED,Phillips LJ,Davis MH,Powers CM,Hines EP,Haddad S,Longnecker MP,Poulsen MT,Farrer DG,Marchitti SA,Tan YM,Swartout JC,Sagiv SK,Welsh C,Camp

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00