Abstract:
:During the last few decades, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of proteinuria. A great variety of hemodynamic or biochemical mechanisms acting at different sites of the nephron have been shown to alter the renal handling and the urinary excretion of proteins. The finding which perhaps has had most practical implications is that the pattern of protein excretion quantitatively and qualitatively varies with the site and severity of renal damage. This has led to the development of a large array of methods for the identification and quantitation of specific urinary proteins. These methods have been most extensively used by toxicologists in experimental, epidemiological, or clinical studies on potentially nephrotoxic chemicals (e.g., drugs, heavy metals, solvents, etc.). The present review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of proteinuria and the use of urinary proteins as indicators of nephrotoxicity.
journal_name
Crit Rev Toxicoljournal_title
Critical reviews in toxicologyauthors
Bernard A,Lauwerys RRdoi
10.3109/10408449109019572subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
373-405issue
5eissn
1040-8444issn
1547-6898journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is ubiquitous in most regions of the world. The most commonly studied PFASs are perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Animal studies indicate that maternal PFAS exposure is associated with reduced fetal growth. Howeve...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.952400
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure biomarkers, which have long been restricted to the framework of occupational hygiene, currently arouse increasing interest in the field of environmental pollution. To assess their validity, we propose here a conceptual framework that is based on their intrinsic characteristics and on properties related to the...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408449991349195
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carrageenan is a high-molecular-weight, strongly anionic polymer derived from several species of red seaweed that is used for the textural stabilization of foods. Processed Eucheuma Seaweed (PES) is a form of carrageenan with a higher cellulose content. Food-grade carrageenan has a weight average molecular weight grea...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/20024091064282
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular stress response protects organisms from damage resulting from exposure to a wide variety of stressors, including elevated temperatures, ultraviolet (UV) light, trace metals, and xenobiotics. The stress response entails the rapid synthesis of a suite of proteins referred to as stress proteins, or heat-shoc...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449309104074
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article is a comprehensive assessment of the quantitative features of the dose response for neuroprotective agents and their underlying mechanistic foundations. The data were derived from published studies using numerous primary neuronal cell cultures and neuronal cell lines. These biological models assessed norm...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440801981973
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is controversy on whether occupational exposure to beryllium causes lung cancer. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiologic studies on cancer among workers exposed to beryllium, including a study of seven U.S. production plants which has been recently updated, a study of patients with beryllium disease (l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2011.631898
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant protection products (PPPs) and the active substance(s) contained within them are rigorously and comprehensively tested prior to registration to ensure that human health is not impacted by their use. In recent years, there has been a widespread drive to have more relevant testing strategies (e.g., ILSI/HESI-ACSA ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.910753
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past 30 years, thousands of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been published for all sorts of chemicals acting on many forms of life or parts thereof (DNA, enzymes, organelles, etc.). Very little effort has been made to show the relationship among these equations. In this report, we ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449509089887
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine how Bayesian network (BN) learning and analysis methods can help to meet several methodological challenges that arise in interpreting significant regression coefficients in exposure-response regression modeling. As a motivating example, we consider the challenge of interpreting positive regression coefficie...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1787329
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The insecticide diflubenzuron (DFB) is commonly used in various mid-Atlantic states for suppression of gypsy moths in hardwood forests. DFB is potentially toxic to nontarget biota because it can enter aquatic systems through aerial application or runoff after precipitation events. Based on this concern, the objectives...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449209145321
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders and occupational groups, their urinary levels were also reviewed. In the general population, 2,4-D ex...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.710576
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Due to the rapid development of a diverse array of nanoparticles, used in a wide variety of products, there are now many international activities to assess the potential toxicity of these materials. These particles are developed due to properties such as catalytic reactivity, high surface area, light emission properti...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440903120975
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a population physiology model, physB, which provides a statistical description of the physiological characteristics in the human population, in terms of the physiological parameters that are needed in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. The model predicts individual organ weights, blood flows...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.709225
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The potential carcinogenicity of beryllium has been a topic of study since the mid-1940s. Since then, numerous scientific and regulatory bodies have assigned beryllium to various categories with respect to its carcinogenicity. Past epidemiologic and animal studies, however, have been marked with notable methodological...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440902837967
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an iatrogenic scleroderma-like fibrosing systemic disorder occurring in patients with severe or end-stage renal disease. It was established as a new clinical entity in the year 2000. A causal role for gadolinium chelates (GC), widely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.955568
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer mortality (LCM) has been associated with smoking and air pollution. This article draws on smoking relationships to clarify air pollution relationships. We analyzed cohort and population-based smoking studies and identified effects of latency and cumulative exposures. We found cogent relationships through l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1700210
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rare adverse reactions to drugs that are of unknown etiology, or idiosyncratic reactions, can produce severe medical complications or even death in patients. Current hypotheses suggest that metabolic activation of a drug to a reactive intermediate is a necessary, yet insufficient, step in the generation of an idiosync...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440590935620
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral absorption efficiency is an important factor to consider in human risk assessment and varies widely between elements. Linking absorption efficiency to chemical properties facilitates the understanding of underlying processes and enables extrapolation across elements. In our study, oral absorption efficiency in hu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.813906
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a significant threat to global health. It originated in Wuhan, China and caused a total of 83,483 confirmed cases and 4634 deaths until June 2020. This novel virus spread primarily through respiratory...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1790499
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) poses a major challenge to the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. It causes both drug attrition and post-approval withdrawal of drugs. DIC represents itself as an impaired secretion and flow of bile, leading to the pathological hepatic and/or systemic accumulation of bile a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1635081
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may have other toxicological properties than petrodiesel. Particulate matter (PM) from petrodiesel causes cancer in the lung as a conseq...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1762541
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article explores the occurrence of U-shaped dose responses induced by neuroprotective agents in animal stroke and traumatic brain injury (TBI) screening/preclinical studies. The assessment was stimulated by suggestions that U-shaped dose responses may be common for neuroprotective agents in stroke and TBI models,...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408440802014287
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 1999 California state agency cancer potency (CP) evaluation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) assumed linear risk extrapolations from tumor data were plausible because of limited evidence that MTBE or its metabolites could damage DNA, and based such extrapolations on data from rat gavage and rat and mouse inhalation...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1052367
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little consistency exists in the methodology for toxicological testing of aerosolized nanoparticles used in in vitro, air-interfaced culture (AIC) exposure systems for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) risk-assessment, preventing inter-laboratory comparisons to identify dose thresholds for adverse effects. These inconsi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1223015
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Styrene is metabolized to styrene oxide, a direct-acting mutagen and carcinogen. Styrene oxide reacts with DNA mainly at the N-7 position in guanine, but also at other sites and with other bases. Substitution occurs at both the alpha- and beta-positions of the styrene molecule. Experiments with radiolabeled styrene an...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449409020139
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to minimize risks to human and environmental health, chemical safety assessment programs are being reinforced with toxicity tests more specifically designed for detecting endocrine disrupters. This includes the necessity to detect thyroid-disrupting chemicals, which may operate through a variety of modes of a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2010.494250
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetic basis for the design of toxicity tests is discussed with reference to the absorption and clearance of drugs. The absorption and clearance of a wide range of drugs by laboratory animals and man has been examined and reviewed to provide a firm basis against which new drugs can be compared. Some pitfa...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408448409044214
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicological and epidemiological evidence on the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and birth/fetal weight was assessed. An extensive search for toxicological information in rats and mice, and a systematic search for epidemiological evidence were conducted. The l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1271972
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) have the potential to accumulate within a woman's body lipids over the course of many years prior to pregnancy, to partition into human milk, and to transfer to infants upon breastfeeding. As a result of this accumulation and partitioning, a breastfeeding infant's ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.926306
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemical DNA interaction and its processing can now be studied at the level of specific genomic regions. Such investigations have revealed important new information about the molecular biology of the cellular responses to genomic insult and especially of the repair processes. They also have demonstrated that both the ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408449409017921
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00