解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::We examine how Bayesian network (BN) learning and analysis methods can help to meet several methodological challenges that arise in interpreting significant regression coefficients in exposure-response regression modeling. As a motivating example, we consider the challenge of interpreting positive regression coefficie...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1787329
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a significant threat to global health. It originated in Wuhan, China and caused a total of 83,483 confirmed cases and 4634 deaths until June 2020. This novel virus spread primarily through respiratory...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1790499
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::trans-Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene of plant origin is structurally similar to natural and synthetic estrogens and has been classified a phytoestrogen. Direct binding of resveratrol to the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and modulation of its genomic activity was among the first of its reported pharmacological a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1762538
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biodiesel fuels are alternatives to petrodiesel, especially in the transport sector where they have lower carbon footprint. Notwithstanding the environmental benefit, biodiesel fuels may have other toxicological properties than petrodiesel. Particulate matter (PM) from petrodiesel causes cancer in the lung as a conseq...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1762541
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The word "cannabinoid" refers to every chemical substance, regardless of structure or origin, that joins the cannabinoid receptors of the body and brain and that have similar effects to those produced by the Cannabis plant and based on their source of production, cannabinoids can be classified into endocannabinoids, p...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1762539
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nanoparticles are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used in medical science (e.g. bioimaging, diagnosis, and drug therapy delivery). Due to unique physicochemical properties, they are able to cross many barriers, which is not possible for traditional drugs. Nevertheless, exposure to NPs and their following ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2020.1719974
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lung cancer mortality (LCM) has been associated with smoking and air pollution. This article draws on smoking relationships to clarify air pollution relationships. We analyzed cohort and population-based smoking studies and identified effects of latency and cumulative exposures. We found cogent relationships through l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1700210
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative weight of evidence (QWoE) provides a framework and process for evaluating different toxicological studies based on quality and relevance of the results. This framework allows for data from these studies to be combined in separate lines of evidence to address causality, and relevance to environmental risks...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1701985
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced cholestasis (DIC) poses a major challenge to the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory agencies. It causes both drug attrition and post-approval withdrawal of drugs. DIC represents itself as an impaired secretion and flow of bile, leading to the pathological hepatic and/or systemic accumulation of bile a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1635081
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence rates of a wide range of diseases and conditions have increased over the last decades. There is controversy over the origin of these increases, whether they are caused by exposure to compounds thought to have an effect on the endocrine system, the "endocrine disruption theory", or whether some other fact...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2018.1541073
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perhaps no other topic in risk analysis is more difficult, more controversial, or more important to risk management policy analysts and decision-makers than how to draw valid, correctly qualified causal conclusions from observational data. Statistical methods can readily quantify associations between observed variable...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408444.2018.1518404
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling is now the state of the science for determining the point of departure for risk assessment. Key advantages include the fact that the modeling takes account of all of the data for a particular effect from a particular experiment, increased consistency, and better accounting for statistical...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2018.1430121
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::When assessing cancer hazard and risk associated with a complex petroleum substance, like bitumen emissions, there are often conflicting results related to human, animal and mechanistic studies. Validation of the complex composition to assure that it matches real-world exposures and control of confounders are pivotal ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2017.1391170
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The application of chemical-specific toxicokinetic or toxicodynamic data to address interspecies differences and human variability in the quantification of hazard has potential to reduce uncertainty and better characterize variability compared with the use of traditional default or categorically-based uncertainty fact...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2017.1303818
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicological and epidemiological evidence on the association between perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and birth/fetal weight was assessed. An extensive search for toxicological information in rats and mice, and a systematic search for epidemiological evidence were conducted. The l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1271972
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Little consistency exists in the methodology for toxicological testing of aerosolized nanoparticles used in in vitro, air-interfaced culture (AIC) exposure systems for engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) risk-assessment, preventing inter-laboratory comparisons to identify dose thresholds for adverse effects. These inconsi...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1223015
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 2015, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) published a monograph concluding there was strong evidence for genotoxicity of glyphosate and glyphosate formulations and moderate evidence for genotoxicity of the metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA). These conclusions contradicted earlier extens...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/10408444.2016.1214680
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently concluded that there is likely to be a causal relationship between short-term (< 30 days) ozone exposure and cardiovascular (CV) effects; however, biological mechanisms to link transient effects with chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been established. S...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1031371
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract Glyphosate, an herbicidal derivative of the amino acid glycine, was introduced to agriculture in the 1970s. Glyphosate targets and blocks a plant metabolic pathway not found in animals, the shikimate pathway, required for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in plants. After almost forty years of commercial ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.1003423
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 1999 California state agency cancer potency (CP) evaluation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) assumed linear risk extrapolations from tumor data were plausible because of limited evidence that MTBE or its metabolites could damage DNA, and based such extrapolations on data from rat gavage and rat and mouse inhalation...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1052367
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Potential chronic health risks for children and prospective parents exposed to ethylbenzene were evaluated in response to the Voluntary Children's Chemical Evaluation Program. Ethylbenzene exposure was found to be predominately via inhalation with recent data demonstrating continuing decreases in releases and both out...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2015.1046157
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is ubiquitous in most regions of the world. The most commonly studied PFASs are perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA). Animal studies indicate that maternal PFAS exposure is associated with reduced fetal growth. Howeve...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.952400
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an iatrogenic scleroderma-like fibrosing systemic disorder occurring in patients with severe or end-stage renal disease. It was established as a new clinical entity in the year 2000. A causal role for gadolinium chelates (GC), widely used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.955568
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipophilic persistent environmental chemicals (LPECs) have the potential to accumulate within a woman's body lipids over the course of many years prior to pregnancy, to partition into human milk, and to transfer to infants upon breastfeeding. As a result of this accumulation and partitioning, a breastfeeding infant's ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.926306
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although animal models cannot exactly replicate human psychiatric disorders, they may be useful to investigate whether the behaviors associated with certain exposures in animals parallel those observed in people. According to the most current version of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, autism...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.907772
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant protection products (PPPs) and the active substance(s) contained within them are rigorously and comprehensively tested prior to registration to ensure that human health is not impacted by their use. In recent years, there has been a widespread drive to have more relevant testing strategies (e.g., ILSI/HESI-ACSA ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2014.910753
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral absorption efficiency is an important factor to consider in human risk assessment and varies widely between elements. Linking absorption efficiency to chemical properties facilitates the understanding of underlying processes and enables extrapolation across elements. In our study, oral absorption efficiency in hu...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.813906
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An earlier review of the toxicity of glyphosate and the original Roundup™-branded formulation concluded that neither glyphosate nor the formulation poses a risk for the production of heritable/somatic mutations in humans. The present review of subsequent genotoxicity publications and regulatory studies of glyphosate a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.770820
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicological profiles of monopropylene glycol (MPG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), tripropylene glycol (TPG) and polypropylene glycols (PPG; including tetra-rich oligomers) are collectively reviewed, and assessed considering regulatory toxicology endpoints. The review confirms a rich data set for these compounds, cov...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.792328
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to combustion-derived particles, quartz and asbestos is associated with increased levels of oxidized and mutagenic DNA lesions. The aim of this survey was to critically assess the measurements of oxidatively damaged DNA as marker of particle-induced genotoxicity in animal tissues. Publications based on non-op...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.756456
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, many spatial epidemiological studies that use proximity of subjects to putative sources as a surrogate for exposure have been published and are increasingly cited as evidence of environmental problems requiring public health interventions. In these studies, the simple finding of a significant, positiv...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2013.777688
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed a population physiology model, physB, which provides a statistical description of the physiological characteristics in the human population, in terms of the physiological parameters that are needed in physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling. The model predicts individual organ weights, blood flows...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.709225
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A qualitative review of the epidemiological literature on the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and health after 2001 is presented. In order to compare the exposure of the general population, bystanders and occupational groups, their urinary levels were also reviewed. In the general population, 2,4-D ex...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.710576
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of toxicology is currently undergoing a global paradigm shift to use of in vitro approaches for assessing the risks of chemicals and drugs in a more mechanistic and high throughput manner than current approaches relying primarily on in vivo testing. However, reliance on in vitro data entails a number of new ...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2012.692115
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saturation diving is performed under extreme environmental conditions. The divers are confined to a limited space for several weeks under high environmental pressure and elevated oxygen partial pressure. At present, divers are protected against chemical exposure by standard exposure limits only adjusted for the increa...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2011.650791
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is controversy on whether occupational exposure to beryllium causes lung cancer. We conducted a systematic review of epidemiologic studies on cancer among workers exposed to beryllium, including a study of seven U.S. production plants which has been recently updated, a study of patients with beryllium disease (l...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2011.631898
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of cancer. In this context, considerable attention is paid to Asian populations who consume high amounts of soy and soy-derived isoflavones, and have a lower risk for several cancer types such as breast and prostate cancers than populations in West...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2010.541900
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to minimize risks to human and environmental health, chemical safety assessment programs are being reinforced with toxicity tests more specifically designed for detecting endocrine disrupters. This includes the necessity to detect thyroid-disrupting chemicals, which may operate through a variety of modes of a...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408444.2010.494250
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::As long as no effective malaria vaccine is available, chemotherapy belongs to the most important weapons fighting malaria. One of the most promising new drug developments is the sesquiterpene artemisinin (ARS) and its derivatives, e.g., artemether, arteether, and sodium artesunate. Large clinical studies and meta-anal...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408441003610571
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in our environment and can cause cancer. Exposure to PAHs can be assessed by protein adduct dosimetry using benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) as a model compound. We present an overview of analytical methods to detect B[a]P- derived protein adducts in humans, their uses in e...
journal_title:Critical reviews in toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/10408440903283633
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00