Abstract：
:Recent observations have revealed streams of gas and stars in the halo of the Milky Way that are the debris from interactions between our Galaxy and some of its dwarf companion galaxies; the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and the Magellanic clouds. Analysis of the material has shown that much of the halo is made up of cannibalized satellite galaxies, and that dark matter is distributed nearly spherically in the Milky Way. It remains unclear, however, whether cannibalized substructures are as common in the haloes of galaxies as predicted by galaxy-formation theory. Here we report the discovery of a giant stream of metal-rich stars within the halo of the nearest large galaxy, M31 (the Andromeda galaxy). The source of this stream could be the dwarf galaxies M32 and NGC205, which are close companions of M31 and which may have lost a substantial number of stars owing to tidal interactions. The results demonstrate that the epoch of galaxy building still continues, albeit at a modest rate, and that tidal streams may be a generic feature of galaxy haloes.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Ibata R,Irwin M,Lewis G,Ferguson AM,Tanvir Ndoi
10.1038/35083506keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-07-05 00:00:00pages
49-52issue
6842eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
35083506journal_volume
412pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:It has long been thought that mature oligodendrocytes in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) are post-mitotic and are unable to proliferate in response to injury. The implications of this have been profound, because it has been suggested that this failure of oligodendrocytes to undergo mitosis is perhaps ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/308274a0
更新日期：1984-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06849
更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Water masers are found in dense molecular clouds closely associated with supermassive black holes at the centres of active galaxies. On the basis of the understanding of the local water-maser luminosity function, it was expected that masers at intermediate and high redshifts would be extremely rare. However, galaxies ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07544
更新日期：2008-12-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of large Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and reduced greenhouse gas concentrations during the Last Glacial Maximum fundamentally altered global ocean-atmosphere climate dynamics. Model simulations and palaeoclimate records suggest that glacial boundary conditions affected the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature24669
更新日期：2018-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional studies seem now to confirm, as first suggested by E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire in 1822, that there was an inversion of the dorsoventral axis during animal evolution. A conserved system of extracellular signals provides positional information for the allocation of embryonic cells to specific tissue types both ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/380037a0
更新日期：1996-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The antigen CD10 (common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen), which is the zinc metalloprotease, neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (also known as NEP or 'enkephalinase'), is expressed by acute lymphoblastic leukaemias, normal lymphoid progenitors, mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes and certain nonhaematopoietic cells. C...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/347394a0
更新日期：1990-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Thyroglobulin (TG) is the protein precursor of thyroid hormones, which are essential for growth, development and the control of metabolism in vertebrates1,2. Hormone synthesis from TG occurs in the thyroid gland via the iodination and coupling of pairs of tyrosines, and is completed by TG proteolysis3. Tyrosine proxim...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-1995-4
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A crucial part of the innate immune response is the assembly of the inflammasome, a cytosolic complex of proteins that activates caspase-1 to process the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18. The adaptor protein ASC is essential for inflammasome function, binding directly to caspase-1 (refs 3, 4)...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature04515
更新日期：2006-03-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Slower recovery from perturbations near a tipping point and its indirect signatures in fluctuation patterns have been suggested to foreshadow catastrophes in a wide variety of systems. Recent studies of populations in the field and in the laboratory have used time-series data to confirm some of the theoretically predi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12071
更新日期：2013-04-18 00:00:00
abstract：:An increasing body of evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction as a contributor to the molecular pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Recent studies of the Parkinson's disease associated genes PINK1 (ref. 2) and parkin (PARK2, ref. 3) indicate that they may act in a quality contr...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12748
更新日期：2013-12-12 00:00:00
abstract：:53BP1 governs a specialized, context-specific branch of the classical non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair pathway. Mice lacking 53bp1 (also known as Trp53bp1) are immunodeficient owing to a complete loss of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination1,2, and reduced fidelity of long-range V(D)J rec...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0362-1
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in a variety of processes involving signalling, such as cell differentiation and survival, growth cessation and apoptosis of neurons. These events are mediated by NGF as a result of binding to its two cell-surface receptors, TrkA and p75. TrkA is a receptor with tyrosine kinase ac...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/43705
更新日期：1999-09-09 00:00:00
abstract：:When we see motion, our perception of how one image feature moves depends on the behaviour of other features nearby. In particular, the Gestaltists proposed the law of shared common fate, in which features tend to be perceived as moving together, that is, coherently. Recent psychophysical findings, such as the coopera...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/333071a0
更新日期：1988-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Using data on the global distribution of mammal, bird and amphibian species, Grenyer et al. conclude that planning based on individual taxa does not provide efficient solutions for the conservation of other taxa. They also report that the performance of existing global conservation strategies-endemic bird areas, biodi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature06374
更新日期：2007-12-06 00:00:00
abstract：:In the unactivated Limulus sperm, a 60- micro m-long bundle of actin filaments crosslinked by the protein scruin is bent and twisted into a coil around the base of the nucleus. At fertilization, the bundle uncoils and fully extends in five seconds to support a finger of membrane known as the acrosomal process. This bi...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02881
更新日期：2004-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：: ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/d41586-019-00673-1
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large seasonal and hemispheric asymmetries in the martian climate system are generally ascribed to variations in solar heating associated with orbital eccentricity. As the orbital elements slowly change (over a period of >104 years), characteristics of the climate such as dustiness and the vigour of atmospheric circul...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/416298a
更新日期：2002-03-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotic cells contain genes termed proto-oncogenes (c-onc) which have the potential to transform cells in culture and induce tumours in vivo. Most of these genes have been identified by their occasional incorporation into retroviral genomes which can act as natural transducing vectors for these and perhaps other ce...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/309085a0
更新日期：1984-05-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Human apolipoprotein E has three isoforms: APOE2, APOE3 and APOE4. APOE4 is a major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and is associated with Down's syndrome dementia and poor neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury and haemorrhage. Neurovascular dysfunction is present in normal APOE4 carriers and i...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11087
更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:During formation of the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine receptors in the endplate membrane become metabolically stabilized under neural control, their half-life increasing from about 1 day to about 10 days. The metabolic stability of the receptors is regulated by the electrical activity induced in the muscle by ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349337a0
更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Medulloblastoma, the most common malignant paediatric brain tumour, arises in the cerebellum and disseminates through the cerebrospinal fluid in the leptomeningeal space to coat the brain and spinal cord. Dissemination, a marker of poor prognosis, is found in up to 40% of children at diagnosis and in most children at ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature10825
更新日期：2012-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of chemotherapy to suppress replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has transformed the face of AIDS in the developed world. Pronounced reductions in illness and death have been achieved and healthcare utilization has diminished. HIV therapy has also provided many new insights into the pathogenes...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/35073673
更新日期：2001-04-19 00:00:00
abstract：:TATA-binding protein (TBP) binds the minor groove of the TATA element with the DNA bent 80 degrees towards the major groove. A constrained minicircle strategy has been used to test the effect of DNA topology on the affinity of TBP for the TATA element. We report here that TBP bound to DNA which was slightly pre-bent t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/373724a0
更新日期：1995-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Mr Clinton appears ready to compromise on health care reform despite previous denials. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1038/371002c0
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Structural fluctuations in proteins on the picosecond timescale have been studied in considerable detail by theoretical methods such as molecular dynamics simulation, but there exist very few experimental data with which to test the conclusions. We have used the technique of inelastic neutron scattering to investigate...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/337754a0
更新日期：1989-02-23 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that arginine vasopressin (AVP) is involved in the retention of learned responses, in addition to its classical physiological functions of water retention and modulation of blood pressure. AVP administered subcutaneously (s.c.), intraventricularly or intracerebrally can prolong extinction of acti...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/315750a0
更新日期：1985-06-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Many marine invertebrates and fish respond to hydrostatic pressure in order to regulate their depth and synchronize their behaviour to tidal cycles. Here we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vestibular hair cells located in the labyrinth of the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, and find that it modula...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/415495a
更新日期：2002-01-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Jupiter's aurora is the most powerful in the Solar System. It is powered largely by energy extracted from planetary rotation, although there seems also to be a contribution from the solar wind. This contrasts with Earth's aurora, which is generated through the interaction of the solar wind with the magnetosphere. The ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35071018
更新日期：2001-04-12 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have shown that normal cellular sequences on chromosome 13 are lost during the development of retinoblastomas and that sequences on chromosome 11 are similarly lost during the development of Wilms' kidney tumours and embryonal tumours. Cells from these tumors have been found to contain either the patern...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/318377a0
更新日期：1985-11-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Type-A γ-aminobutyric (GABAA) receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels with a very rich pharmacology. Some of their modulators, including benzodiazepines and general anaesthetics, are among the most successful drugs in clinical use and are common substances of abuse. Without reliable structural data, the mechanist...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0832-5
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
