Abstract:
:Chloromuconate cycloisomerases of bacteria utilizing chloroaromatic compounds are known to convert 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to cis-dienelactone (cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide), while usual muconate cycloisomerases transform the same substrate to the bacteriotoxic protoanemonin. Formation of protoanemonin requires that the cycloisomerization of 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to 4-chloromuconolactone is completed by protonation of the exocyclic carbon of the presumed enol/enolate intermediate before chloride elimination and decarboxylation take place to yield the final product. The formation of cis-dienelactone, in contrast, could occur either by dehydrohalogenation of 4-chloromuconolactone or, more directly, by chloride elimination from the enol/enolate intermediate. To reach a better understanding of the mechanisms of chloride elimination, the proton-donating Lys169 of Pseudomonas putida muconate cycloisomerase was changed to alanine. As expected, substrates requiring protonation, such as cis,cis-muconate as well as 2- and 3-methyl-, 3-fluoro-, and 2-chloro-cis,cis-muconate, were not converted at a significant rate by the K169A variant. However, the variant was still active with 3-chloro- and 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate. Interestingly, cis-dienelactone and 2-chloro-cis-dienelactone were formed as products, whereas the wild-type enzyme forms protoanemonin and the not previously isolated 2-chloroprotoanemonin, respectively. Thus, the chloromuconate cycloisomerases may avoid (chloro-)protoanemonin formation by increasing the rate of chloride abstraction from the enol/enolate intermediate compared to that of proton addition to it.
journal_name
J Bacterioljournal_title
Journal of bacteriologyauthors
Kaulmann U,Kaschabek SR,Schlömann Mdoi
10.1128/JB.183.15.4551-4561.2001keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-08-01 00:00:00pages
4551-61issue
15eissn
0021-9193issn
1098-5530journal_volume
183pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The hook-basal body (HBB) is a key intermediate structure in the flagellar assembly pathway in Salmonella typhimurium. The FlgM protein inhibits the flagellum-specific transcription factor sigma28 in the absence of the intact HBB structure and is secreted out of the cell following HBB completion. The flk gene encodes ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.180.20.5384-5397.1998
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cells of Escherichia coli take up vitamin B(12) (cyano-cobalamin [CN-Cbl]) and iron chelates by use of sequential active transport processes. Transport of CN-Cbl across the outer membrane and its accumulation in the periplasm is mediated by the TonB-dependent transporter BtuB. Transport across the cytoplasmic membrane...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.184.3.706-717.2002
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiobacillus denitrificans was grown anaerobically with nitrate as an acceptor in both sterile and nonsterile media. Ribulose diphosphate carboxylase was stable throughout the exponential growth phase and declined slowly only after cells reached the stationary phase. Reversible inactivation of the carboxylase occurred...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.110.2.633-642.1972
更新日期:1972-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The DnaA protein concentration in Escherichia coli was increased above the wild-type level by inducing a lacP-controlled dnaA gene located on a plasmid. In these cells with different DnaA protein levels, we measured several parameters: dnaA gene expression; cell size, amount of DNA per cell, and number of origins per ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.175.20.6537-6545.1993
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many bacteria can accumulate glycine betaine for osmoprotection and catabolize it as a growth substrate, but how they regulate these opposing roles is poorly understood. In Pseudomonas syringae B728a, expression of the betaine catabolism genes was reduced by an osmotic upshift to an intermediate stress level, consiste...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00094-13
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acinetobacter sp. strain JC1 DSM 3803, a carboxydobacterium, grown on methanol was found to show dihydroxyacetone synthase, dihydroxyacetone kinase, and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, but no hydroxypyruvate reductase and very low hexulose 6-phosphate synthase, activities. The dihydroxyacetone synthase was foun...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.179.19.6041-6047.1997
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on the crisp-1 (cr-1), cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-deficient mutants of Neurospora crassa were undertaken to characterize the response of these mutants to exogenous cyclic nucleotides and cyclic nucleotide analogs. A growth tube bioassay and a radioimmune assay for cyclic nucleotides yielded th...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.137.3.1140-1144.1979
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::pBL2 was identified genetically but not physically in Streptomyces lividans after its mating with S. bambergiensis. During conjugation, pBL2 was transferred at high frequency to S. lividans and S. coelicolor. pBL2.1 DNA isolated from S. coelicolor exconjugants as a circular plasmid was shown to derive from the genome ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.16.4809-4812.1995
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A three-dimensional tracking microscope was used to quantify the effects of temperature (50 to 80 degrees C) and pH (2 to 4) on the motility of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, a thermoacidophilic archaeon. Swimming speed and run time increased with temperature but remained relatively unchanged with increasing pH. These res...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.181.13.4020-4025.1999
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::ZoBell, Claude E. (University of California, La Jolla) and Andre B. Cobet. Growth, reproduction, and death rates of Escherichia coli at increased hydrostatic pressures. J. Bacteriol. 84:1228-1236. 1962.-Pressures ranging from 100 to 500 atm were found to retard the growth and reproduction of Escherichia coli in nutrie...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.84.6.1228-1236.1962
更新日期:1962-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa type IV pili (T4P) are virulence factors that promote infection of cystic fibrosis and immunosuppressed patients. As the absence of T4P impairs colonization, they are attractive targets for the development of novel therapeutics. Genes in the pilMNOPQ operon are important for both T4P assembly an...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00032-13
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The predominant mode of growth of bacteria in the environment is within sessile, matrix-enclosed communities known as biofilms. Biofilms often complicate chronic and difficult-to-treat infections by protecting bacteria from the immune system, decreasing antibiotic efficacy, and dispersing planktonic cells to distant b...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.184.1.290-301.2002
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulatory element NosR was identified within the nos region of the denitrification gene cluster of Pseudomonas stutzeri ZoBell (ATCC 14405) and characterized. It is essential for expression of the N2O reductase encoded by nosZ immediately downstream of nosR. The nosR region was initially identified by Tn5 mutagen...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.174.16.5332-5339.1992
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied the roles of Streptococcus thermophilus phosphogalactosyltransferase (EpsE) (the priming enzyme), tyrosine kinase (EpsD), phosphatase (EpsB), and a membrane-associated protein with no known biochemical function (EpsC) in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. These proteins are well-conserved among bacteria and...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01122-06
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutant strains of Aspergillus niger with reduced citrate control of carbohydrate catabolism (cic mutants) grow faster than the parent strain on media containing 5% (wt/vol) citrate. The mutants tolerated a higher intracellular citrate concentration than the parent strain. One mutant (cic-7/3) contained phosphofructoki...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.165.3.1019-1022.1986
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A monoclonal antibody (MAb), MAb 900, which detects a 43-kDa protein present on Escherichia coli was found. Subsequently, more than 90 organisms, belonging to either the bacterial, archaeal, or eucaryal domain, were tested for reactivity to this MAb. Of the bacterial and archaeal domains, almost all species proved to ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.177.1.11-19.1995
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular secretion of Serratia marcescens nuclease occurs as a two-step process via a periplasmic intermediate. Unlike other extracellular proteins secreted by gram-negative bacteria by the general secretory pathway, nuclease accumulates in the periplasm in its active form for an unusually long time before its ex...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.179.3.677-683.1997
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cultures of a stable L-phase variant of Streptococcus faecium F24 produced and retained peptidoglycan precursors intracellularly over the entire growth cycle in a chemically defined medium. The identity of the most abundant precursor, UDP N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (UDP-MurNAc-penta...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.135.3.900-910.1978
更新日期:1978-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The slime polysaccharides produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a variety of human infections were investigated. Slime production in culture seemed optimal when adequate amounts of carbohydrate were present and under conditions of either high osmotic pressure or inadequate protein supply. The polysaccharide...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.116.2.915-924.1973
更新日期:1973-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A primary determinant of pathogenicity in Erwinia stewartii is the production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). A single mutation can abolish both EPS synthesis and pathogenicity; both properties are restored by a single cosmid clone. Subcloning and insertion analysis have defined a single positive regulatory fun...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.169.10.4525-4531.1987
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a lysogen with lambda integrated in the leu operon, specialized transducing phages that carry the cell division, murein biosynthesis, and envelope permeability genes located about 0.5 min to the right of leu were isolated. These phages were used to identify the previously undiscovered cell division gene sep. A ge...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.133.1.91-100.1978
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A leucine-requiring, rifampin-sensitive strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was transformed to a leucine-nonrequiring, rifampin-resistant phenotype with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) obtained from both N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae. The transforming efficiency of the meningococcal DNA was about 10- to 100-fold less tha...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.121.2.471-474.1975
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membrane fractions from a lon strain of Escherichia coli but not a wild-type strain catalyze the incorporation of fucose from guanosine 5'-diphosphate-fucose into a lipid and into polymeric material. Both incorporation reactions specifically require only uridine 5'-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose. The sugar lipid was shown ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.129.1.225-236.1977
更新日期:1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two activites causing nitrite disappearance are found in extracts of Neurospora; one, inducible by nitrate or nitrite and present only in nitrite-utilizing strains, catalyze the stoichiometric reduction of nitrite to ammonia; the other, present in all strains under all conditions, causes the disappearance of nitrite t...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.123.2.755-758.1975
更新日期:1975-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis is the agent of Israeli spotted fever. The present study reports the draft genome of Rickettsia conorii subsp. israelensis strain ISTT CDC1, isolated from a Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick collected in Israel. ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01118-12
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because very little is known about cell division in noncylindrical bacteria and cyanobacteria, we investigated 10 putative cytokinetic proteins in the unicellular spherical cyanobacterium Synechocystis strain PCC 6803. Concerning the eight penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which define three classes, we found that S...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00620-09
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the Firmicutes, two-component regulatory systems of the LiaSR type sense and orchestrate the response to various agents that perturb cell envelope functions, in particular lipid II cycle inhibitors. In the current study, we found that the corresponding system in Streptococcus pneumoniae displays similar properties ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.01489-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have devised a coupled radiochemical assay for detecting phosphatidylglycerolphosphate (PGP) phosphatase activity in Escherichia coli colonies immobilized on filter paper. There appeared to be at least two enzymes capable of dephosphorylating PGP, as judged by the characterization of mutations in two genes designat...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.153.2.722-730.1983
更新日期:1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ToxR protein of Vibrio cholerae regulates the expression of several virulence factors that play important roles in the pathogenesis of cholera. Previous experiments with ToxR-alkaline phosphatase (ToxR-PhoA) fusion proteins suggested a model for gene regulation in which the inactive form of ToxR was a monomer and ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/jb.178.1.156-162.1996
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Bacterial type IV coupling proteins (T4CPs) bind and mediate the delivery of DNA substrates through associated type IV secretion systems (T4SSs). T4CPs consist of a transmembrane domain, a conserved nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), and a sequence-variable helical bundle called the all-alpha domain (AAD). In ...
journal_title:Journal of bacteriology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/JB.00189-15
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00