Abstract:
:Antimicrobial peptides constitute an important component of the mammalian innate immune response. Several types of antimicrobial peptides, including the beta-defensins, are produced at epithelial surfaces in response to infectious threats. Here we show that a class of small molecules, including l-isoleucine and several of its analogs, can specifically induce epithelial beta-defensin expression. This induction is transcriptional in nature and involves activation of the NF-kappaB/rel family of trans-activating factors. We hypothesize that these substances represent unique markers for the presence of pathogens and are recognized by innate immune pattern recognition receptors. Isoleucine or its analogs ultimately may have clinical utility as novel immunostimulants that could bolster the barrier defenses of mucosal surfaces.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Fehlbaum P,Rao M,Zasloff M,Anderson GMdoi
10.1073/pnas.220424597keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-11-07 00:00:00pages
12723-8issue
23eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
220424597journal_volume
97pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Previous reconstructions of marine fishing fleets have aggregated data without regard to the artisanal and industrial sectors. Engine power has often been estimated from subsets of the developed world, leading to inflated results. We disaggregated data into three sectors, artisanal (unpowered/powered) and industrial, ...
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journal_title:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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