Abstract:
:The principal functions of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa include nutrient absorption, protein and fluid secretion, and the regulated symbiosis with intraluminal contents. Research in epithelial biology has benefited significantly from the use of cultured monolayer preparations, which closely replicate the structure and function of normal gastrointestinal mucosa. Given the explicit importance of epithelial architecture to its physiology, investigations of epithelial biology should be enhanced by the capacity to track microscopic structures and substances in live cells. In order to achieve this goal, it is necessary to employ a microscopic technique with the capability of imaging deep into the tissue or cell preparation, without adversely affecting its physiology. Two-photon excitation microscopy may constitute such a technique, due to its ability to provide fluorescence excitation of fluorophores using near infrared radiation, that has lower tissue absorption and scattering coefficients. This allows the efficient collection of light energy from sites hundreds of microns deep, with only minimal tissue damage. In this report, we have presented an introduction to the theory and practice of two-photon microscopy for imaging the GI tract epithelium, and have presented examples of its utility in discerning three-dimensional structure and function in CaCo2A epithelial cell monolayers.
journal_name
Microsc Res Techjournal_title
Microscopy research and techniqueauthors
Gilbert RJ,Hoffman M,Capitano A,So PTdoi
10.1002/1097-0029(20001015)51:2<204::AID-JEMT11>3.keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-10-15 00:00:00pages
204-10issue
2eissn
1059-910Xissn
1097-0029pii
10.1002/1097-0029(20001015)51:2<204::AID-JEMT11>3.journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is the main tool for exploring the intracellular damage and organelle distribution. The cause of producing embryo cytoplsamic fragmentation is not completely understood. Since the fragments have detrimental effects on embryo development, the ultrastructural analysis of fragments ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22657
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared Hall's peak to continuum ratio method with a peak ratio method in order to quantify light elements (C, N, and O) in organic specimens as a model for biological thin sections. X-ray spectra were recorded by an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer equipped with an ultra thin window detector. Spectra were pro...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20010115)52:2<231::AID-JEMT1008>
更新日期:2001-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::The synaptic organization of the amphibian sympathetic ganglia was studied, especially in the last two abdominal paravertebral ganglia of the frog. These ganglia appear to form a monosynaptic relay, not containing interneurons. They consist of two systems working in parallel: the principal neurons, by far the most num...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19961001)35:2<157::AID-JEM
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Frozen skin sections are routinely used for light microscopic immunohistochemical study of the skin basement membrane zone for two reasons: some skin basement membrane zone proteins are labile to routine chemical fixation, and skin is not amenable to vibratome sectioning. However, inherent limitations of conventional ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1136
更新日期:2001-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Contraction of muscular tissue requires the synchronized shortening of myofibers arrayed in complex geometrical patterns. Imaging such myofiber patterns with diffusion-weighted MRI reveals architectural ensembles that underlie force generation at the organ scale. Restricted proton diffusion is a stochastic process res...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jemt.22777
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because of the morphological and macroscopic similarity, many species of Erigeron and Aster (Asteraceae) are confusable and usually used under the same name "Meiduoluomi" in traditional Tibetan medicine (TTM). To find an easy, quick, and reliable method to authenticate and distinguish the eight main medicinal plants o...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20725
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lungfish are a group of ancient fish, represented almost continuously in the fossil record from their first appearance in the Devonian to the present time. They have numerous unique characters in the dentition, found only among lungfish, as well as some that are shared with other groups of fish and with higher vertebr...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.10221
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes (OL) play a significant physiological role in the central nervous system by creating the myelin sheath that allows for the efficient conduction of nerve impulses. Therefore, it is important to understand which signalling cascades define the proliferation, differentiation, survival, and myelin formatio...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jemt.1052
更新日期:2001-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vesicles or caveolae within endothelial cells, fusing together to form vacuolar organelles, are implicated in macromolecular transport and cellular element transmigration across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) during inflammation and ischemia. Vacuolar organelles have been described by transmission electron microscopy a...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20766
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A light and electron microscopic study was performed to determine age changes in Meissner corpuscles. In forepaw digital pads of mice aged to their maximum life expectancy, corpuscles were found to increase in size and complexity until middle age, and then to become smaller, disorganized and lobulated with more advanc...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19960701)34:4<376::AID-JEM
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This work investigates recording bits on recordable and rewritable blu-ray discs using atomic force microscopy and conducting atomic force microscopy with high contrast, respectively. The geometric structure of the recording bits is clearly observed in images, which, when coupled with cross-section analysis, yields pr...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20745
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are no studies on stem cells (SCs) and development and differentiation (DD) of the human adrenal glands. The SCs in DD of the adrenal glands were herein investigated histochemically and immunohistochemically in 18 human embryonic adrenal glands at gestational week (GW) 7-40. At 7 GW, the adrenal glands were pres...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22445
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to make a comparative evaluation of the surface topography of the cervical third and tip of four different rotary systems, before and after being used 12 times, in resin blocks with simulated root canals with standardized 45° curvatures, and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). A...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22139
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcian blue (AB) and ruthenium red (RR) effects on ultrastructural preservation of the bacterial cell envelope of methanotrophs are compared. A previous successful method with RR that enhanced preservation of outer envelope layers in two representative methanotroph species is applied to other genera and species of met...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070200109
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The density of nodes of Ranvier was examined at CNS, PNS, and transitional zone (TZ) levels of rat lumbar ventral motoneurone fibres. It was found to be significantly greater in the TZ than at the other levels: The difference was sevenfold for the ventral root and at least fourfold for central fibre levels. Node distr...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19960815)34:6<507::AID-JEM
更新日期:1996-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::This study follows the left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in rats undergoing aerobic training alone (A), resistance training alone (R), or combined resistance and aerobic training (RA) (usually referred as concurrent training) program. A sedentary control group (C) was included. LV remodeling was evaluated using electr...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22394
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we aimed to increase the sensitivity of protein labeling using 1.4 nm gold nanoparticles and glutamate δ2 receptor (GluD2) from the postsynaptic membrane of the Purkinje cells. The very small marker size of the particles reduces the steric hindrance between antibodies leading to a higher labeling effici...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.22043
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::When 20-day-old rats are placed on a vitamin A deficient diet (VAD) for a period of 10 weeks, the seminiferous tubules are found to contain only Sertoli cells, a few residual A0, A1 spermatogonia, and preleptotene spermatocytes (PL). The type A1 spermatogonia and PL spermatocytes are arrested in their G2 phase. In VAD...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070200106
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various deconvolution algorithms are often used for restoration of digital images. Image deconvolution is especially needed for the correction of three-dimensional images obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Such images suffer from distortions, particularly in the Z dimension. As a result, reliable automati...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20773
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular prion protein PrP(c) is a neurolemmal glycoprotein essential for the development of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. In these neurodegenerative diseases, host PrP(c) is converted to infectious protease-resistant isoforms PrP(res) or prions. Prions provoque predictable and distinctive pattern...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0029(20000701)50:1<66::AID-JEMT10>3.0
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequences highly similar (>95%) to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) env gene have been amplified from human DNA samples, including DNA samples from patients with breast cancer (BC) and persons who did not have BC. The sequences from human DNA were distinct from the MMTV sequences used as controls in these PCR reac...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20233
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The small GTPase Rho, which regulates cell shape, is thought to contribute to cytokinesis. Recently, Citron was characterized as a Rho target. This large protein contains a Ser/Thr kinase domain related to that of ROCK, another Rho effector. Both endogenous Citron and recombinant Citron localize to the cleavage furrow...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(20000415)49:2<123::AID-JEM
更新日期:2000-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The antennal sensilla of the pine weevil (Pissodes nitidus Roel.) were observed with scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The weevil antenna consists of a long scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum with 10 segments; the last four flagellum segments are fused, forming the antennal club, ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20920
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical conditioning (CC) with a sweet flavored is useful for experimental models of immune response. The objective this work was analyze spleen cell response on the differentiation of B-lymphocytes associated with the CC with sweet flavored in adult rats. Twelve adult male rats were divided (n = 3) in Group 1 (cont...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23112
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation was designed to throw light on the microbial status of bakery products available in bakeries and supermarkets of Lahore. Different bakery samples such as biscuits, pizza, patties were collected from different localities such as Anar Kali, Chauburji, Faisal Town, Iqbal Town, Model Town, Muslim...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23103
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acrylic resin mixtures are commonly used to study microscopic sections of biological specimens, giving the advantage of good morphological preservation. Existing embedding protocols, however, are suitable for tissue blocks, not exceeding 1 mm in thickness. We have developed a protocol to embed larger specimens (up to ...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20139
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article deals with the modeling and simulation of the vibration behavior of piezoelectric micro-cantilever (MC) based on the Timoshenko theory and using multi-scale (MTS) method in the air environment. In this regard, the results are compared with the previous literature, such as the finite element method and the...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23345
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies on embryonic development in vitro as well as observations in vivo, suggested that two aspects of oviduct physiology are important for early development. On one side has to be considered the oviduct "environment": temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, nutrients, oxygen tension, free radical scavengers, etc. On the...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jemt.1070320102
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hybrid materials of polyacrylamide networks and gold nanoparticles were prepared by directly heating an aqueous solution containing HAuCl(4), acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebis-acrylamide, and sodium sulfite (Na(2)SO(3)). Acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebis-acrylamide, and Na(2)SO(3) were used as monomers, crosslinking agent, an...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.20568
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This was the first comprehensive pollen micromorphological investigation of lactiferous flora (Apocynaceae) of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The pollen morphology of 10 species of the family Apocynaceae was observed and documented using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen was found subspheroidal...
journal_title:Microscopy research and technique
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jemt.23293
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00