Abstract:
PURPOSE:To examine the waveform characteristics of 37 subjects with manifest latent nystagmus (MLN) and determine the manner in which visual feedback influences the nature of the waveform. METHODS:Binocular recordings of the eye movements of all subjects were undertaken using an infrared tracking system. Subjects viewed the target binocularly and monocularly in primary gaze. The effect of visual feedback on the nature of the MLN waveform was examined by either removing the fixation target or by progressively stabilizing the target in relation to the retina. This progressive stabilization was achieved by feeding back the eye movement signal to move an otherwise stationary target. RESULTS:Four types of MLN were distinguished on the basis of the fixation characteristics seen during binocular and monocular viewing. First, under binocular viewing conditions, subjects could theoretically exhibit stable fixation (type 1 MLN). In addition, three other MLN types were recorded during binocular fixation: conjugate horizontal square-wave jerks (type 2 MLN), conjugate torsional nystagmus (type 3 MLN) and conjugate horizontal jerk MLN waveforms (type 4 MLN). Monocular viewing always gave rise to a conjugate horizontal jerk MLN waveform for each of the four types of MLN. More than 80% of the subjects exhibited either type 3 or type 4 MLN, both of which conform with previous classic descriptions of MLN. Much less common was type 2 MLN. Type 1 MLN (conventionally referred to as a latent nystagmus) appeared to be a rare occurrence. In addition to the two classic linear and decelerating MLN slow phases, four additional slow-phase shapes with either saccadic or pendular elements were recorded and described. Removing visual feedback generally reduced the mean slow-phase velocity and the number of fast phases. For each subject some variability of the slow-phase class was documented from session to session. CONCLUSIONS:Four types of MLN have been described. Their differences are based on their binocular oculomotor behavior, and it is proposed that type 1 MLN and type 4 MLN represent the absolute states and types 2 and 3 the intermediate levels of the MLN spectrum. All types of MLN appear to be strongly visually driven and are largely dependent on the attentional state of the subject and the target conditions. Six different classes of slow phase were found among the four MLN types. The introduction of visual feedback had an immediate effect on the subsequent slow phase or fast phase. It is likely that adaptation mechanisms are in play after a period of visual feedback.
journal_name
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Scijournal_title
Investigative ophthalmology & visual scienceauthors
Abadi RV,Scallan CJkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-11-01 00:00:00pages
3805-17issue
12eissn
0146-0404issn
1552-5783journal_volume
41pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate corneal nerve damage and its subsequent regeneration after excimer laser photokeratectomy in rabbit eyes. METHODS:Corneal photokeratectomy was performed on the right eyes of 34 pigmented rabbits, while the left eyes were used as a control. A Summit UV 200 excimer laser (Summit Technology, Waltha...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), a proinflammatory marker, are associated with systemic vascular disorders. In addition, clinical studies have implicated that elevated CRP is an independent risk factor for diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. However, the direct effect of CRP o...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1387
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the effect of age on the thickness of individual retinal layers, measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), in a population of healthy Caucasians. METHODS:One hundred and twenty subjects with an age ranging between 18 and 81 years were examined with SD-OCT. Mean layer thi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11913
更新日期:2013-07-22 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the efficacy of a computerized optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) test in detecting visual acuity (VA) of >20/200. METHODS:This was a combined retrospective and prospective, noninterventional study. In phase I of the study, data from 168 eyes of 154 subjects who underwent the computerized objective VA tes...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7663
更新日期:2011-09-27 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To document the cyclovertical ocular motor mechanism used for vertical fusion in healthy subjects, and to explore whether vertical vergence training in healthy individuals can produce objectively confirmed vertical deviations that change with head tilt, revealing a basic mechanism that can produce a pattern of ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.12-11368
更新日期:2013-05-03 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The prevalence of myopia shows a decline with age in cross-sectional studies. This pattern may represent an increase in the prevalence of myopia in younger generations, possibly through increased exposure to near work, or an intrinsic age-related decline in myopia prevalence. Data were analyzed from published s...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Freshly enucleated monkey, calf, and human eyes were quantitatively perfused with mock aqueous humor through the anterior chamber by a constant pressure technique. After baseline perfusion at 15 mm Hg, intraocular pressure was raised to 45 mm Hg and later reduced back to 15 mm Hg. Calf and human (both adult and infant...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:This study evaluates the associations of haplotype-tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PARL-ABCC5-HTR3D-HTR3C region with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), with a view to identify the responsible SNP in this region. Methods:Thirty SNPs from the PARL-ABCC5-HTR3D-HTR3C region were genotype...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.17-22304
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To evaluate the ability of various screening tests, both individually and in combination, to detect glaucoma in the general Latino population and high-risk subgroups. METHODS:The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study is a population-based study of eye disease in Latinos 40 years of age and older. Participants (n = 6082...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.09-5126
更新日期:2011-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Na,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is essential for the regulation of cytoplasmic ion concentrations in lens cells. Earlier studies demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation by Lyn kinase, a Src-family member, inhibits Na,K-ATPase activity in porcine lens epithelium. In the present study, experiments were ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.04-0809
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Vitamin D3 is a secosteroid mainly synthesized from the conversion of the skin precursor 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) to vitamin D3 by ultraviolet (UV) B sunlight. Extrarenal synthesis of vitamin D3 has been reported in many tissues and cells, including barrier sites. This study characterizes the expression of c...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.13-13019
更新日期:2014-04-07 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine the prevalence, incidence, and progression of myopia of Chinese children in Hong Kong. METHODS:A cross-sectional survey was initially conducted. A longitudinal follow-up study was then conducted 12 months later. RESULTS:A total of 7560 children of mean age 9.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 9.1...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.03-1151
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To investigate the nature and reversibility of biochemical and functional changes in the retina encountered over a single generation of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency in guinea pigs. METHODS:Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs were fed for 16 weeks after weaning with diets supplemented with safflower...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to determine whether alteration in mucins could be detected in patients with dry eye symptoms by using the monoclonal antibody H185, which recognizes carbohydrate epitopes on mucin molecules. METHODS:Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy was used to examine binding ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive disease with multifactorial etiology. There is a need to identify clinical features that are harbingers of advanced disease. We evaluated morphologic features of the retina and choroid on optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine if they predict prog...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.17-21696
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:Understanding the role of mitochondria in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is relevant to human disease as studies have shown mitochondrial abnormalities in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. This study seeks to determine the effects of the sigma-1 receptor (σ-1r) and its agonists on mitochondrial function in o...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.16-19199
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To identify cell types and extracellular matrix components in Molteno implant capsules. METHODS:Histologic features including cytology, distribution of apoptotic cells, cytoantigens, collagens, basement membranes, elastic fibers, and glycoproteins were examined by light microscopy. Findings were correlated wit...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1424
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:A human biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis was used to develop a murine model of ocular chlamydial infection. The inbred mouse model will allow detailed immunologic studies during ocular infection, and use of a human biovar for infection may aid in identification of appropriate vaccine strategies against chlamydia...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Excessive and continuously produced free radicals in the outer retina are implicated in retinal aging and the pathogenesis of sight-threatening retinopathies, yet measuring outer retinal oxidative stress in vivo remains a challenge. Here, we test the hypothesis that continuously produced paramagnetic free radic...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18420
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To test the effects of subconjunctival topotecan (TPT) in fibrin sealant (FS) in transgenic murine retinoblastoma (RB). METHODS:Growth inhibitory, apoptotic, and cell cycle effects of TPT were assayed in human RB cell lines. In a dose-escalation study, eight groups of three 10- to 14-week-old wild-type mice we...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-0653
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and remodeling are initiated, at least in part, by the regulated secretion of members of a family of matrix metalloproteinases. Human and bovine trabecular mesh-work in culture secrete interstitial collagenase, both the 72- and the 92-kD forms of type IV collagenase (gelatinases) an...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Albino rabbits were exposed to repeated microwave irradiations once daily for a month. Clinical examination was carried out for a period up to one year. No changes occurred below 300 mW./cm.2. At and above this level posterior subcapsular iridescence and posterior cortical cataracts were produced. The histologic findi...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Recent studies on ocular shape have raised increased interest in the peripheral characteristics of the eye, as it potentially triggers changes in the central vision. Current techniques are, however, not capable of accurately measuring the three-dimensional shape of the retina. We describe a new magnetic resonan...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15161
更新日期:2015-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether retinal progenitor cells in the inner nuclear layer give rise to regenerated cones after laser ablation of photoreceptors in adult goldfish retina. METHODS:Using a technique developed previously in this laboratory, photoreceptors in the retina of adult goldfish were ablated with an argon l...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) is common in eye disorders. Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are reported to initiate sterile inflammatory response. The role of PRRs in retinal IR injury is currently unknown. Thus, we investigated the expression and function of membrane and cytoplasmic PRRs during retinal...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-14380
更新日期:2014-08-05 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:The aim of the present study was to use an in vivo model of retinal excitotoxicity to investigate the neuroprotective effect of somatostatin (SRIF)-ergic agents. METHODS:Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (weight range, 250-300 g) intravitreally received (RS)-alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid hyd...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.07-1644
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:Purpose:To investigate the effects of tear film instability (TFI) induced by sustained tear exposure (STARE) on sensory responses to corneal cold, mechanical, and chemical stimuli. Methods:Fifteen normal subjects were enrolled. TFI was induced during 10 repeated trials of STARE. Pneumatic cold, mechanical, and chemica...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.19-27298
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To determine whether vascular tone of isolated porcine retinal veins can be modulated by tissue-generated vasoactive factors such as endothelin-1 and adenosine. Such information may be useful in understanding the role of the retinal veins in regulating blood flow, and also provide a model for investigating new ...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18358
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To study the oxygen-saturation profiles in RP and macular dystrophies and compare them with age-matched healthy controls. METHODS:In a cross-sectional prospective study, 62 subjects with RP, 23 with macular dystrophies, and 78 controls were enrolled, and retinal oximetry was performed with the Oxymap T1 retina...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1167/iovs.14-15993
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To identify risk factors for the development of high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and for the development of severe visual loss or vitrectomy (SVLV) in eyes assigned to deferral of photocoagulation in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). METHODS:Multivariable Cox models were...
journal_title:Investigative ophthalmology & visual science
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00