Genetic polymorphism of CYP2A6 in the German population.

abstract：:The effects of cadmium on some mitochondrial enzymes of kidney, testis and lung were investigated in male rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3 mg Cd/kg body weight and its effects were studied 24, 72 and 144 h later. Succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities were significantly inhibited i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Prasada Rao PV

更新日期：1983-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ponzo OJ,Silvia C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of ethanol on hamster hepatic and extrahepatic monooxygenases were determined in the present study. Chronic ethanol administration increased cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content and monooxygenase activities towards aniline, N-nitrosodimethylamine, and 7-ethoxyresorufin. In contrast, benzphetamine and benzo(a)p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ueng TH,Ueng YF,Tsai JN,Chao IC,Chen TL,Park SS,Iwasaki M,Guengerich FP

更新日期：1993-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Solar radiation induces acute and chronic reactions in human and animal skin. Chronic repeated exposures are the primary cause of benign and malignant skin tumors, including malignant melanoma. Among types of solar radiation, ultraviolet B (290-320 nm) radiation is highly mutagenic and carcinogenic in animal experimen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichihashi M,Ueda M,Budiyanto A,Bito T,Oka M,Fukunaga M,Tsuru K,Horikawa T

更新日期：2003-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that gambogic acid (GA), the main active compound of gamboge which is a dry resin extracted from Garcinia hanburyi tree, has potent antitumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Activation of mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in cancer cells is one effective therapy for cancer treatment. In the present st...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nie F,Zhang X,Qi Q,Yang L,Yang Y,Liu W,Lu N,Wu Z,You Q,Guo Q

更新日期：2009-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Choice behavior of rats in a radially symmetrical 6-arm maze, without food reward, was validated for assessing changes in learning and memory following treatment with 4 psychoactive agents. The test is designed for future use in routine toxicity studies with laboratory rodents. Each radial main arm of the maze leads t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fitzgerald RE,Berres M,Schaeppi U

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metal neurotoxicity is one of the major challenges in today's era due to the large scale and widespread mechanisation of the production. However, the causative factors responsible for neurotoxicity are neither known nor do we have the availability of therapeutic approaches to deal with it. One of the major causa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Namgyal D,Ali S,Mehta R,Sarwat M

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The attempts to use nitroxide free radicals and nitrone spin traps topically in skin requires analysis of their potential cutaneous adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the skin irritation and sensitizing potential of nitroxides and nitrones in the guinea pig. The following unsubstituted nit...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fuchs J,Groth N,Herrling T

更新日期：1998-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The activity of the haem biosynthetic enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase (ALA.S) and delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA.D) were measured in the peripheral blood of a group of lead workers and control subjects. The haem precursor delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) was measured in blood and urine, whil...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Meredith PA,Moore MR,Campbell BC,Thompson GG,Goldberg A

更新日期：1978-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-related differences in susceptibility to cephaloridine nephrotoxicity were evaluated in male Fischer-344 rats. Rats, 2.5, 4, 10-12 and 27-29 months old, were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of cephaloridine and renal function evaluated 24 h later. Susceptibility to cephaloridine-induced nephrotoxicity w...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Goldstein RS,Pasino DA,Hook JB

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study was undertaken to examine the effects of iodoacetic acid, a non-phorbol tumor promoter, on metabolic cooperation between mutant human fibroblasts as measured by [14C]citrulline incorporation. Other thiol-reactive polyphenolic compounds such as hydroquinone and 2-hydroxyestrone were also examined. 12-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Si EC,Pfeifer RW,Yim GK

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of asthma is increasing worldwide. The increase has been found for both sexes, for all races and age groups. The factors responsible are unclear. The short period of increase makes it unlikely that a genetic change is responsible but rather suggests that either air pollutants or a behavioral change may ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karol MH

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on the pulmonary retention of benzo[a]pyrene after inhalation have shown that clearance is biphasic, with one component clearing with a half-time greater than 1 day and another with a half-time less than 1 day. In the work reported here we demonstrated that the amount of benzo[a]pyrene instilled in the lungs c...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Medinsky MA,Kampcik SJ

更新日期：1985-06-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) could induce testicular developmental toxicity in adults. The present study aims to confirm its intrauterine origination, and to explore its potential intrauterine programming mechanism. The pregnant rats were respectively injected subcutaneously with 0.2 and 0.8 mg/kg d dexametha...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu M,Chen B,Pei L,Zhang Q,Zou Y,Xiao H,Zhou J,Chen L,Wang H

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protective effect of telmisartan, the angiotensin II-receptor antagonist, against liver toxicity induced by sodium arsenite (5 mg/kg/day, p.o., for 30 days) was investigated in mice. Telmisartan treatment (10 mg/kg/day, p.o.) was applied for 30 days, starting on the same day of arsenic administration. Telmisartan ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fouad AA,Al-Mulhim AS,Jresat I

更新日期：2012-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferases and glutathione play an important role in the detoxification of most toxic agents. In the present study, the protective effects of some antioxidants (L-ascorbic acid (AA), vitamin E (VE) or garlic) on carbon tetrachloride-induced changes in the activity of alanine amino transferase (ALT), as...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Abd El-Gabar M,Bastawy M

更新日期：2001-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:This article traces the evolution of risk assessment as an essential analytical tool in the federal government. In many programs and agencies, decisions cannot be made without the benefit of information from risk assessment. Although this analytical tool influences important public health and economic decisions, there...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Graham JD

更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tissue uptake of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) during infection was studied in a mouse model using the common human virus Coxsackievirus B3 (CB3), adapted here to the mouse. Male A/J-mice were infected with the CB3 virus and subsequently, on days 4 and 7 of the infection, injected with 0.5 microCi [14...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Funseth E,Ilbäck NG

更新日期：1994-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay (MLA) has been optimized to quantitatively determine the in vitro mutagenicity of cigarette mainstream smoke particulate phase. To test whether the MLA is able to discriminate between different cigarette types, specially constructed cigarettes each containing a single tobacco ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schramke H,Meisgen TJ,Tewes FJ,Gomm W,Roemer E

更新日期：2006-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The promoting effects of a combined exposure to two pollutants (NO2, O3 or H2SO4-aerosol) at near ambient levels on lung tumorigenesis induced by N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl) nitrosamine (BHPN) were investigated in male Wistar rats. The rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of BHPN (0.5 g per kg body wt.) at 6 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ichinose T,Sagai M

更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgenic rat mutation assays can be used to assess genotoxic properties of chemicals in target organs for carcinogenicity. Mutations in transgenes are genetically neutral and accumulate during a treatment period; thus, assays are suitable for assessing the genotoxic risk of chemicals using a repeated-dose treatment ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kawamura Y,Hayashi H,Masumura K,Numazawa S,Nohmi T

更新日期：2014-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Salicylate has been found to be an inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Half-maximal inhibition of fatty acid synthesis occurs at approximately 2 mM. The inhibitory effect of salicylate on fatty acid synthesis is not relieve by the addition of acetate, suggesting that salicylate inhibits the ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beynen AC,Buechler KF,van der Molen AJ,Geelen MJ

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of hepatic metallothionein (MT) by acetaminophen was characterized in the rat and mouse. Treatment of rats with the hepatotoxin resulted in increase of liver MT in a dose-dependent manner. MT concentration was elevated by 41%, 140% and 260% following acetaminophen injection at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/k...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wormser U,Calp D

更新日期：1988-12-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Salmonella mutagenicity assay was utilized to compare hepatic S9 fractions derived from wild and laboratory reared woodchucks (Marmota monax). Two promutagens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracence (DMBA) and 2-amino-fluorene (AF) were tested at 5 concentrations with the tester strains TA98 and TA100, against 2 levels o...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rashid KA,Babish JG,Mumma RO

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Among exocyclic DNA adducts, etheno (epsilon) bases (epsilond A, epsilond C, N(2),3-epsilond G) are generated by reactions of DNA bases with lipid peroxidation (LPO) products derived from endogenous sources and from the carcinogens vinyl chloride or urethane. The recent development of ultrasensitive methods has made i...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Bartsch H,Nair J

更新日期：2000-11-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Subchronic exposure to arsenic is associated with alteration of glucose homeostasis. Arsenic treatment (as sodium arsenite) of male Wistar rats (weighing 130-150 g) at a dose of 5.55 mg kg(-1) body weight (equivalent to 35% of LD(50)) (i.p.) per day for a period of 30 days produced hypoglycemia, with associated increa...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pal S,Chatterjee AK

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lipid regulator gemfibrozil (GEM) is one of many human pharmaceuticals found in the aquatic environment. We previously demonstrated that GEM bioconcentrates in blood and reduces plasma testosterone levels in goldfish (Carassius auratus). In this study, we address the potential of an environmentally relevant waterb...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Mimeault C,Trudeau VL,Moon TW

更新日期：2006-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA), is an artificial estrogen initially produced for medical purposes but is today widely used in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Exposure-related reproductive disorders have been found, but recently it has also been suggested that BPA may be involved in obesity, diabetes, myocardial hypertroph...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ljunggren SA,Iggland M,Rönn M,Lind L,Lind PM,Karlsson H

更新日期：2016-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of cis-dichlorodiammine platinum II to cause chromosomal aberrations in rats and dominant lethality in mice was studied. Five daily intraperitoneal doses ranging from 0.25 to 2.00 mg/kg/day failed to result in the observance of dominant lethal mutations in mice. Intraperitoneal doses of 0.13 and 0.52 mg/kg...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Levine BS,Preache MM,Pergament E

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:After i.v. injection of 0.33 mg nicotine/kg the elimination of unchanged nicotine as well as nicotine-N-oxide, cotinine, nornicotine and norcotinine was determined in the urine of pigs dependent on time. In female pigs 16.3% and in male pigs 25.9% of the applied nicotine were recovered in form of the mentioned compoun...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Harke HP,Frahm B

更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00