Current status and use of short/medium term models for carcinogenicity testing of pharmaceuticals--scientific perspective.

abstract：:Aminoglycosides have detrimental effects on the hair cells of the inner ear, yet these agents indisputably are one of the cornerstones in antibiotic therapy. Hence, there is a demand for strategies to prevent aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity, which are not available today. In vitro data suggests that the pleiotropic...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bächinger D,Horvath L,Eckhard A,Goosmann MM,Honegger T,Gassmann M,Vogel J,Naldi AM

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the transport of two non-metabolizable amino acids, 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and cycloleucine (CL) was studied in chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The herbicide did not exert any direct effect on the AIB transport. However, when the pesticide was in contact with the ce...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bergesse JR,Rivarola VA,Balegno HF

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of two herbicides (paraquat and 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid) and two fungicides (mancozeb and captafol) was studied on the growth of Flagellospora penicillioides, Lunulospora curvula and Phalangispora constricta using the poisoned-food technique. The pesticides did not produce any inhibition of growth a...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Chandrashekar KR,Kaveriappa KM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Doxorubicin (DOXO) is an anthracycline antibiotic which is used in the treatment of human malignancies such as leukemia, lymphoma and a number of solid tumors, particularly breast cancer. Anthracyclines have been reported to contaminate chemotherapy workstation surfaces as well as other workplaces surfaces. The occupa...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Boccellino M,Pedata P,Castiglia L,La Porta R,Pieri M,Quagliuolo L,Acampora A,Sannolo N,Miraglia N

更新日期：2010-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A quantitative high-content screening (HCS) was suggested for the real-time monitoring of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated hepatotoxicity. This HCS is very advantageous in that it allows simultaneous observation of drug-induced activations of hepatotoxic pathways using hypermulticolor cellular imaging. ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Kim JA,Han E,Eun CJ,Tak YK,Song JM

更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured human proximal tubule cell monolayers maintained on permeable supports were treated simultaneously with the aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin, and poly-L-aspartic acid (PAA), an inhibitor of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity. Following 4 days of exposure, cell monolayers were placed into Ussing chambers to al...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Todd JH,Hottendorf GH

更新日期：1997-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:There are numerous observations of pharmaceuticals (or their metabolites) as contaminants in wastewater, surface water and groundwater. This implies a potential for indirect human exposure to pharmaceuticals via drinking water supplies. Various effect benchmarks may be employed in an evaluation of the significance of ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Webb S,Ternes T,Gibert M,Olejniczak K

更新日期：2003-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of zero tolerance provisions are contained in both food and animal feed law, e.g. for chemical substances whose occurrence is not permitted or is directly prohibited in food or animal feed. In the European Union, bans of this kind were introduced to give consumers and animals the greatest possible protection ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Heberer T,Lahrssen-Wiederholt M,Schafft H,Abraham K,Pzyrembel H,Henning KJ,Schauzu M,Braeunig J,Goetz M,Niemann L,Gundert-Remy U,Luch A,Appel B,Banasiak U,Böl GF,Lampen A,Wittkowski R,Hensel A

更新日期：2007-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were incubated with dilutions of natural or synthetic crude oils and subsequently exposed to near ultraviolet light (NUV). Although the magnitude of photo-induced cytotoxicity in CHO was essentially independent of the source of the oil (within a factor of two), two shale oils...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Strniste GF,Bingham JM,Okinaka RT,Chen DJ

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopaminergic system dysfunction is proved to be a possible mechanism in acrylamide (ACR) -induced neurotoxicity. The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has an increasingly important role in the dopaminergic system. Thus, the goal of this study is to evaluate effects of ACR on dopamine and its metabolite levels, dopamine t...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Pan X,Guo X,Xiong F,Cheng G,Lu Q,Yan H

更新日期：2015-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of lead exposure have been studied upon the behavioural and diuretic responses to the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U-50488H in neonatal rats. Lead was administered in the maternal drinking water (100, 300 and 1000 ppm) from conception to postnatal day 14. The hyperactivity, wall climbing behaviours and di...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Jackson HC,Kitchen I

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many industrially and environmentally important industrial carcinogens display effects that lead them to be viewed and regulated as 'genotoxic compounds'. Some of these chemicals cause experimental tumours only at high or toxic doses. The current view is that non-threshold principles should be applied for risk assessm...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Bolt HM

更新日期：2003-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitropyrene (1-NP) is classified as Group 2B carcinogen and is one of the main components of diesel exhaust particles (DEP), which are generated from incomplete combustion of automobile engines to cause human cancer or inflammatory diseases. Although many reports on the mutagenesis or carcinogenesis of 1-NP have been ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Park EJ,Park K

更新日期：2009-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in various pulmonary diseases by causing direct injury to lung epithelial cells. Signalling activity of cells through transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) and AP-1 have been shown to be regulated by ROS, and the release of pro-inflammatory ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Brown DM,Hutchison L,Donaldson K,MacKenzie SJ,Dick CA,Stone V

更新日期：2007-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:A detailed characterisation of the biotransformation pathways followed by the chemical of interest is, evidently, of primordial importance to design reliable biomonitoring programs. This short overview discusses some recent studies that are of potential interest for the development of new avenues of research. Four top...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Lison D

更新日期：1999-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The changes in hepatic metallothionein (MT) and glutathione levels and cadmium distribution were investigated 72 hr after a subcutaneous administration of 1.5 mg Cd2+/kg as CdCl2H2O to normal and partially hepatectomized rats. Partial hepatectomy had no effect on native metallothionein content. Cadmium and MT content ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Asokan P

更新日期：1982-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:About two decades ago in vitro mutagenicity tests were adopted as the first in vitro methods in regulatory toxicology. For reasons of animal welfare and better science, many validation studies of various in vitro methods were performed between 1985 and 1995 for their potential to replace the Draize eye irritation test...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liebsch M,Spielmann H

更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Cocaine (COC) produces hepatotoxicity by a mechanism, which remains undefined, but has been linked to its oxidative metabolism. Ketamine (KET) is also a potentially hepatotoxic agent. The abuse of KET with COC is currently popular among young abusers therefore; this study was conducted to investigate the possible pote...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Rofael HZ

更新日期：2004-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We have designed a low-cost, compact, head-only exposure system which is easy to use and allows exposure of up to 8 or 16 small rodents depending on the chamber used with the system. Animals are exposed without anesthesia or extreme restraint. Deflection tubes at the chamber inlet and outlet serve to provide turbulent...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Francovitch RJ,Deal DL,Tayyeb MI,Wolpert RL,Boger JR 3rd,Valentini JE,Menzel DB

更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amiodarone is an effective antidysrhythmic agent, restricted in use by the development of pulmonary toxicity. Several in vivo animal models have been used to study amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Intratracheal administration of amiodarone to the hamster has been used as a model for the critical amiodarone-induc...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Leeder RG,Evans CD,Brien JF,Massey TE

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were exposed to 3 or 30 microM stable cadmium (Cd) in the presence or absence of 1.8 or 3.6 mM calcium (Ca). The presence of Ca significantly reduced the efflux of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from cells regardless of Cd concentration or exposure time. During a 3-h time interval, the...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Sorensen EM

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) decrease intestinal absorption of many food toxicants. Oleic acid increases absorption of the specific BCRP substrate mitoxantrone (MXR), and also BCRP gene expression in human intestinal Caco-2 cells, suggesting that oleic acid affect the BCRP funct...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Aspenström-Fagerlund B,Tallkvist J,Ilbäck NG,Glynn AW

更新日期：2015-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Samples of PM(2.5) were gravimetrically collected during the winter 2005/2006 in the urban area of Milan (North Italy). Samples were chemically characterized and the particles were detached from filters to determine their cytotoxic effects on the A549 cell line. Based on the potential toxicological relevance of its co...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gualtieri M,Mantecca P,Corvaja V,Longhin E,Perrone MG,Bolzacchini E,Camatini M

更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Iodinated contrast media (CM) can induce apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular cells. The injuries of endothelial cells induced by CM on the systemic condition have not been fully understood. To assess the toxic effects of non-ionic CM on the glomerular and aortic endothelial cells, iopromide and iodixanol, two kind...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Zhao Y,Tao Z,Xu Z,Tao Z,Chen B,Wang L,Li C,Chen L,Jia Q,Jia E,Zhu T,Yang Z

更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Elevated intracellular Ca(2+) content is implicated in ethanol-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis. Extracellular Ca(2+) influx has been suggested to play a role in this process. However, the exact Ca(2+)-permeable channel involved in the plasma membrane is still unclear. This study investigated the role of stor...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Liu H,Jia X,Luo Z,Guan H,Jiang H,Li X,Yan M

更新日期：2012-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of endotoxin tolerance in rats led to reductions in bile flow and BSP excretion. BSP serum retention or storage of BSP in the liver was not affected. Although serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was slightly elevated in endotoxin-tolerant rats, the levels of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Boelsterli UA,Abernathy CO,Balazs T,Zimmerman HJ

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, the detrimental effects of high iodine on intelligence are gaining tons of attention, but the relationship between high iodine and neurotoxicity is controversial. This study aimed to explore whether high iodine intake may impair intelligence and the roles of apoptosis and autophagy in high iodine-indu...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Cui Y,Zhang Z,Zhang B,Zhao L,Hou C,Zeng Q,Nie J,Yu J,Zhao Y,Gao T,Wang A,Liu H

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure of humans to fluorine compounds in the air, water and food may be atherogenic via the activation of oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The most important factor that promotes the formation of ROS seems to be the oxidoreduction of electron carriers in the critical points of the respiratory ...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Gutowska I,Baranowska-Bosiacka I,Baśkiewicz M,Milo B,Siennicka A,Marchlewicz M,Wiszniewska B,Machaliński B,Stachowska E

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rates of alkaline hydrolysis of 18 natural or semisynthetic pyrrolizidine alkaloids, all retronecine diesters, have been compared. Steric hindrance around the ester groups was the major factor inhibiting hydrolysis. Relative rates of hydrolysis by esterases in a rat liver homogenate were also dependent on steric hindr...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Mattocks AR

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chloral (trichloroacetaldehyde), the major metabolite of trichloroethylene (TCE), was investigated for its potential to form DNA-protein cross-links (DPX), a lesion produced by other aldehydes. Chloral did not form DPX in rat liver nuclei at concentrations up to 250 mM for 30 min at 37 degrees C, while chloroacetaldeh...

journal_title：Toxicology letters

authors： Keller DA,Heck HD

更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00