Abstract：
:The gap effect refers to the finding that saccadic latencies are typically reduced when a fixation point is removed prior to the appearance of a peripheral target. This reduction in saccadic reaction time (SacRT) is thought to be due to a general warning effect and an oculomotor specific fixation offset that occur when the fixation point is removed. In order to estimate the contribution of each of these effects to the overall gap effect, this paper introduces a new manipulation, the partial-gap trial, where the fixation point undergoes a change in size prior to the presentation of the target. The partial-gap trial is presumed to provide the visual warning effect of the fixation offset (i.e. similar to that in a gap trial) but does not provide the fixation offset effect (FOE). When the fixation point was abruptly reduced in size before the presentation of the target, the estimated decrease in SacRT due to the visual warning effect was 5-7% and did not differ in the presence or absence of an auditory warning signal. It was found that auditory warning effect and the FOE interacted in reducing SacRTs. Additionally, when the fixation point was abruptly increased in size before the presentation of the target, SacRTs were slower than when the fixation point did not change in size and remained present for the entire trial (i.e. an overlap trial). We conclude that this new partial-gap paradigm is a useful method for researchers wishing to separately examine FOE and visual warning effects.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Pratt J,Bekkering H,Leung Mdoi
10.1007/s002219900243keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-01-01 00:00:00pages
258-63issue
2eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
130pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The present study was carried out to determine the effects of central nervous free fatty acids, lysophospholipids, or platelet activating factor (PAF), in a mouse facial carrageenan injection model of orofacial pain. Mice that received intracerebroventricular (I.C.V.) injection of arachidonic acid or oleic acid showed...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0672-7
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous experiments have suggested that the analysis of visual images could be a gravity-dependent process. We investigated this hypothesis using a mental rotation paradigm with pictures of three-dimensional objects during a 26-day orbital flight aboard the Soviet MIR station. The analysis of cosmonauts' response tim...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230478
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Though previous studies have suggested that the basal ganglia are necessarily involved in action imitation, their precise role is unclear. An important source of evidence concerns patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who suffer basal ganglia impairments. Some studies report poor execution of observed meaningful (MF)...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3300-8
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is an important issue to address the mode of information processing in the somatic motor circuit linking the frontal cortex and the basal ganglia. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which corticostriatal input zones from the primary motor cortex (MI), the supplementary motor area (SMA), and the pre...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050384
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adaptation and habituation characteristics produced by the repeated presentation of a moving visual stimulus were studied in single cells in the pigeon's optic tectum. Units located near the surface in the stratum opticum showed little adaptation. However, cells located in deeper layers exhibited varying rates and...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235509
更新日期：1977-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Our objective was to determine if caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) expiratory (E) neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons in the lumbar cord respond to intercostal and lumbar nerve afferent stimulation. Results showed that 92% of medullary E-neurons that were antidromically activated from the upper l...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230702
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of short-term, constant practice on the kinematics of a multi-joint pointing movement were studied in the hemiparetic arm of 20 chronic patients with unilateral left cerebro-vascular accident (CVA) and in 10 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals. Practice consisted of a single session of 70 pointing mov...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1568-4
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3257-7
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3460-1
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228123
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0847-2
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single unit activity was recorded in the striate cortex of vision-deprived cats aged between 3 and 8 weeks. Contrast sensitivity or response measurements made using moving sinusoidal gratings were used to construct spatial frequency tuning curves. At 3 weeks sensitivity, selectivity (assessed both as the narrowness of...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235273
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we investigated the neural basis of virtual time to contact (VTC) and the hypothesis that VTC provides predictive information for future postural instability. A novel approach to differentiate stable pre-falling and transition-to-instability stages within a single postural trial while a subject was perf...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-1956-5
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-002-1280-9
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00228395
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Second-order vestibular neurons of frogs receive converging monosynaptic excitatory and disynaptic excitatory and inhibitory inputs following electrical pulse stimulation of an individual semicircular canal nerve on the ipsilateral side. Here we revealed, in the in vitro frog brain, disynaptic inhibitory postsynaptic ...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210000544
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-018-5420-2
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-003-1389-5
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-016-4589-5
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05871-2
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00237573
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous investigations have revealed that perceived spatial frequency of gratings rises as contrast is lowered. In order to account for this finding it has been postulated that the spatial frequency which produces the maximum response from cortical neurones decreases with contrast. We have examined this hypothesis by...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236862
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0216-6
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Memory for object-place configurations appears to be a common function of the hippocampus in the human and monkey brain. The nature of the spatial information which enters into these object-configural memories in the primate, and the location of the memories themselves, have remained obscure, however. In the rat, much...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s002210050562
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The characteristics of vibration-induced illusory joint movements were studied in healthy human subjects. Unseen by the subject, constant frequency vibration trains applied to the distal tendon of the Triceps or Biceps induced an almost constant velocity illusory movement of the elbow whose direction corresponded to t...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00239377
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This purpose of this study was to examine the spatial coding of eye movements during static roll tilt (up to +/-45 degrees) relative to perceived earth and head orientations. Binocular videographic recordings obtained in darkness from eight subjects allowed us to quantify the mean deviations in gaze trajectories along...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050436
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anatomical pathway from the prepyriform cortex to the hippocampus in the cat was traced autoradiographically by means of anterograde transport of [3H] leucine. A direct projection from the prepyriform cortex to the lateral entorhinal area was confirmed in the cat: the termination of these fibers was largely confin...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00236644
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Automatic postural responses of leg muscles to the sudden displacement of standing support were investigated under four different conditions of information given to subjects in advance. Results from three groups of subjects were compared: 6 normal subjects, 10 patients with cerebellar disease, and 9 patients with Park...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231777
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The occurrence of postural and balance disorders is a frequent feature in advanced forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the pathological substrate of these disturbances is poorly understood. METHODS:In the present work, we investigated the evolution of posturometric parameters [center of pressure (Co...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-0202-z
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fate of monoclonal anti-vasopressin antibodies (VP-MAbs) injected in vivo into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the rat brain was studied by immunocytochemistry. Depending on the post survival time, VP-MAbs contained in an ascites fluid were stained at different levels of the VP neurons: the cytoplasm of the P...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00235986
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
