Abstract:
:"Multisensory integration" refers to the phenomenon by which information from different senses is integrated in order to interpret and guide responses to external events. Here, we advance two specific hypotheses: (1) the process of multisensory integration in spatial localization is statistically optimal, and (2) the optimality of the processes guiding this localization results from the implementation of Bayes' rule. We explicitly test the predictions of an optimal (Bayesian) model for the behavior of animals trained and tested in a spatial localization task, and find that the model correctly predicts behavioral patterns which are at times counterintuitive. The model also predicts the receptive field properties of superior colliculus neurons that are involved in these behaviors, and sheds new light on the computational responsibilities different circuits have in effecting these behaviors. Thus, the Bayesian model appears to represent not only a yardstick for the optimality of a behavior, but also a descriptor of the underlying neural processes.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Rowland B,Stanford T,Stein Bdoi
10.1007/s00221-006-0847-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-06-01 00:00:00pages
153-61issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
180pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) of the motor cortex were recorded in separate sessions to assess changes in motor cortex excitability after a fatiguing isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the right ankle dorsa...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00240963
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the ultrastructural features of sensory nerve fibers in the ciliary body and the iris and their parent trigeminal ganglion cells, using intra-axonally transported horseradish peroxidase as a tracer. Unmyelinated nerve fibers of ipsilateral trigeminal origin were found in stroma of both the ciliary body...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00235287
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the substantia nigra, anatomical, neurochemical and pharmacological findings strongly suggest that transmitter and protein are secreted from the dendrites of nigrostriatal neurones. This phenomenon may underlie a non classical modulatory cellular mechanism. Two conductances are generated in nigrostriatal neuron...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00248875
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The afferent and efferent projections of the lobulus petrosus (LP) of the paraflocculus were examined by retrograde tracing with cholera toxin subunit B (CTB) and anterograde tracing with CTB or biotinylated dextran (BD) in the macaque. Following injections of the tracers into the LP, labeled neurons were seen mainly ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1241-3
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is a common experience, immediately after the removal of a cast or a splint, to feel motor awkwardness, which is usually attributed to muscular and joint immobilization. However, the same feeling may also be perceived after a brief period of immobilization. We provide evidence that this last effect stems from chang...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3115-7
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::As a consequence of the fragility of various neural structures, preterm infants born at a low gestation and/or birthweight are at an increased risk of developing motor abnormalities. The lack of a reliable means of assessing motor integrity prevents early therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we propose a new metho...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002219900227
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian muscle spindles show persistent after-effects following conditioning stretch or fusimotor stimulation. Most previous observations have been carried out on primary endings of spindles and using dynamic fusimotor stimulation. We report here observations on after-effects produced either by conditioning stretch ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00237676
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The latency of eye movements is influenced by the fixation task; when the fixation stimulus is switched off before the target presentation (gap paradigm) the latency becomes short and express movements occur. In contrast, when the fixation stimulus remains on when the target appears (overlap paradigm), eye movement la...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-005-2214-0
更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the control of postural stability in preparation to a discrete, quick whole-body sway toward a target and back to the initial position. Several predictions were tested based on the theory of control with referent body orientation and the notion of multi-muscle synergies stabilizing center of pressure (COP)...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-019-05510-5
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lightly touching a stable reference is associated with sway reduction during standing. Unexpected displacement of the touch reference results in a false-positive balance reaction in some participants, but only with the first such disturbance. This study investigated whether light touch reduces standing sway (1) after ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-018-5455-4
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent results on the nature and limits of multisensory enhancement are inconsistent when stimuli are presented across spatial regions. We presented visual, tactile and visuotactile stimuli to participants in two speeded response tasks. Each unisensory stimulus was presented to either the left or right hemispace, and ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2515-9
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the influence of vestibular stimulation by whole-body oscillation in the yaw plane on the cardiorespiratory responses after a change of posture from sitting to standing. Eighteen healthy subjects (21-70 years old) and six patients with bilateral vestibular loss (46-59 years old) were tested. For comparison...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1422-8
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Force and electromyogram (EMG) responses of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were assessed during isometric contractions in 8 decerebrate cat preparations, before and after acute dorsal hemisection of the spinal cord at the T12 level. The measures derived included the relation between static force and mean rectified EM...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00247497
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Internal models are sensory motor mappings used by the nervous system to anticipate the force requirements of movement tasks. The ability to use internal models likely underlies the development of skillful control of the arm throughout life. It is currently unknown to what extent individuals with hemiparetic stroke ca...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-002-1340-1
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spike trains of long duration were recorded from concurrently active pairs of motor units in the human masseter and tibialis anterior muscles. An innovative analysis technique was used to investigate functional coupling between the motoneurons by plotting the discharge frequency of one motor unit with respect to the f...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228735
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have shown that people can catch a ball even if it is visible only during part of its flight. Here, we examine how well they can do so. We measured the movements of a ball and of the hands of both the thrower and the catcher during one-handed underarm throwing and catching. The catcher's sight was occl...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2421-1
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We use a vibrotactile-delayed match-to-sample paradigm to evaluate the effects of interference on working memory. One of the suggested mechanisms through which interference affects performance in working memory is feature overwriting: Short-term representations are maintained in a finite set of feature units (such as ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-010-2501-2
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microinjections of D,L homocysteic acid (DLH, 40 nmoles) made in the lateral PAG of the unanesthetized and paralyzed decerebrate cat evoked distinct patterns of extracranial and hindlimb blood flow. One pattern, evoked from the pretentorial part of the lateral PAG (A3.3-A2.5), consisted of an extracranial vasodilation...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00230972
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amygdala has been demonstrated to contribute to pain-related behavior and food preference. Here, the effect of pain on food preference and food-matched visual-cue memory, in the presence or absence of a basolateral amygdala (BLA) lesion, has been evaluated using a novel innovative apparatus and protocol. Forty adu...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05961-1
更新日期:2020-10-26 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of after-effects in adaptation tasks implies that an existing internal model has been updated. Previously, we showed that although observers adapted to a visuomotor perturbation, they did not show after-effects. In this experiment, we tested 2 further observer groups and an actor group. Observers were now...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2996-1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wealth of evidence describes the strong positive impact that reward has on motor control at the behavioural level. However, surprisingly little is known regarding the neural mechanisms which underpin these effects, beyond a reliance on the dopaminergic system. In recent work, we developed a task that enabled the dis...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05802-1
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adequate cerebral perfusion is necessary to preserve cerebral O(2) supply in order to maintain brain cell function. Our aim was to assess the influence of gestational age on the response of cerebral hemodynamics to hypoxemia and to determine thresholds of cerebral O(2) supply for preservation of brain cell function in...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1469-6
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to determine whether neurones in the parvicellular reticular formation are in direct synaptic contact with motoneurones innervating facial muscles, a combined retrograde and anterograde transport study was carried out in the rat. Animals received injections of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B conjugated ...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227336
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cerebellum is recognised to bilaterally modulate sensorimotor function and has recently been shown to play a role in swallowing. Unilateral cerebellar repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) excites corticobulbar motor pathways to the pharynx but the effects of bilateral versus unilateral cerebellar r...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-020-05787-x
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to navigate efficiently, animals can benefit from internal representations of their moment-to-moment orientation. Head-direction (HD) cells are neurons that discharge maximally when the head of a rat is oriented in a specific ("preferred") direction in the horizontal plane, independently from position or ongo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002210000365
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In classic conditioning, the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimulus is a critical parameter. The aim of the present experiment was to assess whether, during conditioning, modification of the CS-US interval could reliably produce changes in the functional properties of...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002219900290
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In situ hybridization was used to study the expression of prepro-neuropeptide Y (NPY), preprosomatostatin (SOM), preprotachykinin (PPT) and preprocholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA in caudate-putamen and frontoparietal cortex of rat brain with unilateral lesion of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neurons expressing NPY and SOM mRNA...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00227990
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the ability of a quaternary antihistamine, thiazinamium, to inhibit the nociceptive sensitization that occurs early, during the first hour, following intraplantar injection of the polysaccharide carrageenin in the rat. Parallel studies were performed with an electrophysiological model (changes in respo...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00236307
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The differential distribution of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), glycine (Gly), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine (Tau) was investigated in the cat's perihypoglossal nuclei. Serial semi-thin (0.5 micron) sections through the perihypoglossal nuclei were incubated with antisera raised against the mentioned am...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00228906
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study exploited the alterations in pedal speed and joints kinematics elicited by changing crank length (CL) to test how altered task mechanics during cycling will modulate the muscle activation characteristics in human rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris long head (BF), soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA). Ki...
journal_title:Experimental brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00221-003-1561-y
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00