Abstract：
:The presence of after-effects in adaptation tasks implies that an existing internal model has been updated. Previously, we showed that although observers adapted to a visuomotor perturbation, they did not show after-effects. In this experiment, we tested 2 further observer groups and an actor group. Observers were now actively engaged in watching (encouraged through imagery and movement estimation), with one group physically practising for 25% of the trials (mixed). Participants estimated the hand movements that produced various cursor trajectories and/or their own hand movement from a preceding trial. These trials also allowed us to assess the development of explicit knowledge as a function of the three practice conditions. The pure observation group did not show after-effects, whereas the actor and mixed groups did. The pure observation group improved their ability to estimate hand movement of the video model. Although the actor and mixed groups improved in actual reaching accuracy, they did not improve in explicit estimation. The mixed group was more accurate in reaching during adaptation and showed larger after-effects than the actors. We suggest that observation encourages an explicit mode of learning, enabling performance benefits without corresponding changes to an internal model of the mapping between output and sensory input. However, some physical practice interspersed with observation can change the manner with which learning is achieved, encouraging implicit learning and the updating of an existing internal model.
journal_name
Exp Brain Resjournal_title
Experimental brain researchauthors
Ong NT,Larssen BC,Hodges NJdoi
10.1007/s00221-011-2996-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-01 00:00:00pages
9-19issue
1eissn
0014-4819issn
1432-1106journal_volume
218pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Vestibular perceptual thresholds measure vestibular sensory and perceptual noise by quantifying how small of a passive self-motion an individual is able to reliably perceive. Vestibular thresholds have clinical and operational relevance, as they are elevated in vestibular migraine patients, and even healthy individual...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05830-x
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immunohistochemical double staining for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) reveals in the septo-preoptic-diagonal band complex of the rat brain close spatial associations between GnRH-immunoreactive perikarya and TH and GAD immunoreactive fibers. In...
journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00238235
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4304-y
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2343-5
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-014-4039-1
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-019-05510-5
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4511-6
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050685
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-007-1102-1
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05961-1
更新日期：2020-10-26 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210100698
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3601-6
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-010-2225-3
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-013-3443-2
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00279676
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-005-2258-1
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00231159
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0380-3
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-015-4367-9
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002210050827
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00230100
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00221-008-1402-0
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-012-3020-0
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-009-2047-3
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-020-05933-5
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-004-2156-y
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00221-006-0781-3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Experimental brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00229634
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
