Abstract:
:A workshop on "Antipsychotics: Past and Future" was convened by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Division of Services and Intervention Research (DSIR), on July 14, 1998, to review the results of recent antipsychotic drug research, discuss current standards of treatment, and identify areas needing further study. There has been a proliferation of new antipsychotic medications and a rapid increase in their clinical utilization. The new atypicals are beginning to supplant the older typical neuroleptic antipsychotics, and the scientific and ethical issues raised by this transition prompted the workshop. Given the apparent, albeit not fully defined, advantages of atypical drugs, particularly their safety profiles, the question is whether more comparisons with typical antipsychotics are warranted and whether clinical trial designs warrant (or would be justified in) the inclusion of typical drugs as standard active comparators. Workshop participants--including clinical researchers, patient advocates, bioethicists, and NIMH staff--discussed the conclusions drawn from current data, ethical issues for subjects in clinical trials, funding for ongoing studies using typical agents, and appropriate comparators for trials using atypical agents.
journal_name
Schizophr Bulljournal_title
Schizophrenia bulletinauthors
Dawkins K,Lieberman JA,Lebowitz BD,Hsiao JKdoi
10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033387keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-01-01 00:00:00pages
395-405issue
2eissn
0586-7614issn
1745-1701journal_volume
25pub_type
abstract::Patients with schizophrenia can sometimes report strange face illusions when staring at themselves in the mirror; such experiences have been conceptualized as anomalous self-experiences that can be experienced with a varying degree of depersonalization. During adolescence, anomalous self-experiences can also be indica...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu196
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migration is a major risk factor for schizophrenia but the neurochemical processes involved are unknown. One candidate mechanism is through elevations in striatal dopamine synthesis and release. The objective of this research was to determine whether striatal dopamine function is elevated in immigrants compared to non...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw181
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The causal mechanism underlying the well-established relation between advancing paternal age and schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve mutational errors during spermatogenesis that occur with increasing frequency as males age. Point mutations are well known to increase with advancing paternal age while other errors...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm093
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Abnormalities in the neurophysiological measures P300 amplitude and latency constitute endophenotypes for psychosis. Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) has been proposed as a promising susceptibility gene for schizophrenia, and a previous study has suggested that it is associated with P300 deficits in sc...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr101
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We reported previously that residents of Greater Helsinki, Finland, whose mothers were exposed to the 1957 influenza epidemic during their second trimester of gestation had a significantly elevated risk of developing adult schizophrenia. The majority of the replication studies to date have not determined whether the m...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/20.2.263
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The establishment of the new diagnostic category, Schizotypal Personality Disorder (SPD), has stimulated biological studies of patients with this disorder. Such studies offer the potential of better understanding the diagnosis and treatment of SPD as well as more clearly defining the boundaries of the schizophrenic di...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/11.4.564
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased latency of stimulus encoding is presented as a central deficit in schizophrenia cognition. Encoding, here, entails the internal representation of presenting stimuli in a format facilitating their implementation in other cognitive processes, such as those taking place in working memory. Historical roots of su...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm056
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of recent articles, many appearing in Schizophrenia Bulletin, signal a renewed interest in phenomenological approaches to our understanding of schizophrenia. These approaches conceptualize schizophrenia as a disorder of altered self-awareness and decreased prereflective social attunement, which may manifest a...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv035
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Given the evidence that reasoning biases contribute to delusional persistence and change, several research groups have made systematic efforts to modify them. The current experiment tested the hypothesis that targeting reasoning biases would result in change in delusions. METHODS:One hundred and one partici...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu103
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Task-based functional neuroimaging studies of schizophrenia have not yet replicated the increased coordinated hyperactivity in speech-related brain regions that is reported with symptom-capture and resting-state studies of hallucinations. This may be due to suboptimal selection of cognitive tasks. METHODS:I...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu004
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persons with schizophrenia have a reduced life expectancy largely due to death from natural causes. Factors that have been previously associated with excess mortality include cigarette smoking and antipsychotic medication. The role of other environmental factors such as exposure to infectious agents has been the subje...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt113
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue we have tried to bring together a series of reviews describing new developments in the pharmacologic management of schizophrenia. Important progress is being made not only in medication development, but also in furthering our ability to use available treatments and treatment combinations in the most effe...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/17.2.193
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This research studied hypotheses that positive thought disorder in schizophrenia is influenced by patients' not taking in immediate target contextual material, thereby losing vital cues that guide thought processes. We assessed 164 acute inpatients (including 55 schizophrenia and 31 bipolar disorder patients), using s...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033502
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is but one form of psychosis; therefore, it is important to control for the psychotic factor in studies of the schizophrenic syndrome. A survey was done of 478 articles in 15 major psychiatric and psychological journals to determine the frequency of controls for psychosis in schizophrenia research. The s...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/7.4.729
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the content of subscales within a multidimensional scale of self-reported schizotypy and their subsequent interrelationship by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Neither single-factor nor four-factor models provided good fits to the data; two-factor and three-factor models showed very goo...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033480
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing awareness of the importance of neurocognitive impairments in schizophrenia has fostered considerable interest in the prospects for cognitive rehabilitation. Nevertheless, optimism has outpaced progress. We first review recent literature on the central assumptions that underlie cognitive rehabilitation, incl...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033377
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discussion of the positive vs. negative distinction often fails to address whether this distinction refers to symptoms, syndromes, or diseases. Symptoms and syndromes are etiologically nonspecific, while diseases have a specific identifiable pathophysiology or etiology. The positive vs. negative distinction is sometim...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/11.3.380
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In light of the evidence for brain white matter (WM) abnormalities in schizophrenia, study of normal WM maturation in adolescence may provide critical insights relevant to the neurodevelopment of the disorder. Voxel-wise diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have consistently demonstrated increases in fract...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs054
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:ABT-288 is a highly potent histamine-3 receptor antagonist that has demonstrated pro-cognitive effects in preclinical models relevant to schizophrenia. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of two doses of ABT-288 in the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. METHODS:A ran...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt240
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Early intervention is assumed to improve outcome in first-episode psychosis, but this has not been proven. OBJECTIVE:To study whether 1-year outcome will be better in a health care sector with early detection (ED) of psychosis compared with sectors with no early detection (no-ED). DESIGN:A quasi-experiment...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl005
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical research related to ethical issues in clinical research has grown dramatically in recent years. However, little attention has been devoted to the ethical relevance of the findings from this research. In order to examine the value and limitations of ethics-related empirical research, we discuss 3 case studies...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbj004
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizotypal disorder is characterized by odd behavior and attenuated forms of schizophrenic features without the manifestation of overt and sustained psychoses. Past studies suggest that schizotypal disorder shares biological and psychological commonalties with schizophrenia. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz051
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia has been associated with heightened stress responsivity in adolescence that precedes onset of psychosis. We now report that multiple stressors during adolescence in normal rats leads to deficits in adults analogous to that seen in schizophrenia patients. Moreover, impairment of stress control by lesion o...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx033
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Secondary sources continue to cite a one-page preliminary note about the Michigan State Psychotherapy Project, ignoring fuller reports in print. Relevant experience and training are critical to quality control of psychotherapy in schizophrenia research. This investigation is unique in that "experienced" meant that the...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/4.4.480
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adult patients having schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BP) may have in common neurocognitive deficits. Former evidence suggests impairments in several neuropsychological functions in young offspring at genetic risk for SZ or BP. Moreover, a dose-response relation may exist between the degree of famili...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn058
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia implies that alterations in the dopamine system cause functional abnormalities in the brain that may converge to aberrant salience attribution and eventually lead to psychosis. Indeed, widespread brain disconnectivity across the psychotic spectrum has been revealed by resting-s...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby079
更新日期:2019-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Psychotic experiences may be understood as altered information processing due to aberrant neural computations. A prominent example of such neural computations is the computation of prediction errors (PEs), which signal the difference between expected and experienced events. Among other areas showing PE coding, hippoca...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby154
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Social networks of 35 mentally ill persons were studied in Lao villages. Mental illness was associated with a decrease in size of social networks, disproportionate reliance on family, and asymmetric instrumental exchange. Nonkin "sponsors" provided assistance to those alienated from or abandoned by relatives. For thos...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/7.1.125
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because negative symptoms, including motivational deficits, are a critical unmet need in schizophrenia, there are many ongoing efforts to develop new pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for these impairments. A common challenge of these studies involves how to evaluate and select optimal endpoints. Currentl...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbv071
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the variety of "organic" or "toxic" conditions that may produce, precipitate, or exacerbate psychotic disorders, it is important to attempt to clarify existing nosologies and to highlight the need for research strategies that may help to validate relevant distinctions. This review provides a brief discussion of ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/17.1.69
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00