Abstract:
:We reported previously that residents of Greater Helsinki, Finland, whose mothers were exposed to the 1957 influenza epidemic during their second trimester of gestation had a significantly elevated risk of developing adult schizophrenia. The majority of the replication studies to date have not determined whether the mothers actually contracted an infection or the stage of gestation based on mother's last menstruation. We read prenatal clinic records of the mothers of the Helsinki-born schizophrenia subjects to determine timing of infection, as noted by the prenatal clinic obstetric nurse at a time close to the actual infection. Schizophrenia subjects who were exposed in the second trimester had a significantly higher rate of definite influenza infection (86.7%) in that period compared to those who were exposed during the first and third trimesters (20.0%). These results are interpreted with caution because of the small number of cases.
journal_name
Schizophr Bulljournal_title
Schizophrenia bulletinauthors
Mednick SA,Huttunen MO,Machón RAdoi
10.1093/schbul/20.2.263subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-01-01 00:00:00pages
263-7issue
2eissn
0586-7614issn
1745-1701journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia implies that alterations in the dopamine system cause functional abnormalities in the brain that may converge to aberrant salience attribution and eventually lead to psychosis. Indeed, widespread brain disconnectivity across the psychotic spectrum has been revealed by resting-s...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby079
更新日期:2019-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Family studies of schizophrenia frequently include relatives of schizophrenia probands with diagnoses falling within the schizophrenia spectrum. As part of an ongoing genetic linkage study of schizophrenia, the authors examined case material from 50 relatives (of schizophrenia probands) who received a DSM-III-R diagno...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/20.4.747
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study quantitatively examined reasons for substance use among individuals with psychotic disorders and explored the relationship of these reasons to substance use problems and dependence. Sixty-nine people with psychotic disorders were interviewed using a battery of questionnaires called the Substance Use Scale f...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006934
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Similar to patients with other chronic disorders, patients with serious mental illness (SMI) are often poorly adherent with prescribed medications. OBJECTIVE:We conducted a randomized controlled trial examining the effectiveness of a pharmacy-based intervention (Meds-Help) in increasing antipsychotic medica...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp121
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical descriptions of perceptual and attentional anomalies in schizophrenia emphasize phenomena such as flooding, or inundation, by sensory stimuli. A failure of sensory "gating" mechanisms in the brain is hypothesized to account for these symptoms, and this hypothesis has led to a marked interest in their putative...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033402
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the role of reasoning biases in delusion formation and maintenance. Reasoning judgments have been shown to be influenced by prior knowledge, beliefs, and experience--that is, information stored in semantic memory. It was hypothesized that high schizotypes would exhibit a "jump to conclusions" s...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbi012
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable research has documented the stigmatization of people with mental illnesses and its negative consequences. Recently it has been shown that stigma may also seriously affect families of psychiatric patients, but little empirical research has addressed this problem. We examine perceptions of and reactions to ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033304
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Schizophrenia is associated with excess physical comorbidity. Yet, to our knowledge, large studies are lacking on the associations with somatic diseases before the onset of schizophrenia. The authors conducted a nationwide study of the full spectrum of treated somatic diseases before the first diagnosis of sc...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu110
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The homicide of strangers by people with psychosis, referred to here as "stranger homicides," are rare and tragic events that generate adverse publicity for mental health services and have resulted in significant changes in mental health policy and law. AIM:To estimate the incidence of stranger homicides, u...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp112
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) implicate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21.3-22.1, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, as common risk factors for schizophrenia (SZ). Other studies implicate viral and protozoan exposure. Our study tests chromosome 6p SNPs for effects on S...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs087
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded from the human scalp is widely used to study cognitive and brain functions in schizophrenia. Current research efforts are primarily devoted to the assessment of event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related oscillations (EROs), extracted from the ongoing EEG, in patients wit...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm016
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present article reports findings on intelligence and personality functioning during the school period and at adolescence in a sample of kibbutz and urban Israeli children at risk for schizophrenia, as measured by a standard psychological test battery. On the first round of testing it was found that the index subje...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/11.1.48
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined the course of illness and factors affecting it in schizophrenias with onset between the ages of 14 and 18. Noteworthy in comparison to findings from other followup studies is the higher proportion of chronic courses of illness, about 50 percent. In addition, the type of course of illness correspond...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/19.4.831
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report an analysis of a large catchment area sample of patients with nonaffective functional psychoses presenting across all ages at onset. The male:female ratio was 1.56:1 in the 16-25-year age group; it reached unity around 30 years of age and declined to 0.38:1 in the 66-75-year group. Contrary to expectation, a...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/19.4.691
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial working memory (WM) processing has 3 distinct phases: encoding, maintenance, and retrieval and its dysfunction is a core feature in schizophrenia. We examined phase-specific brain activations associated with spatial WM in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia (genetic high risk, GHR), ultra-high risk (UHR) s...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr038
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Both neurocognitive impairments and a history of childhood abuse are highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Childhood trauma has been associated with memory impairment as well as hippocampal volume reduction in adult survivors. The aim of the following study was to examine the contribution of childh...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp096
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) includes neuropsychological deficits in attention, working memory, verbal learning, and problem solving. These deficits have been shown to be linked to impairment in functional status (eg, social behavior, work performance, and activities of daily living) among...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbl004
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of gender in schizophrenia is explored, and literature on gender and schizophrenia is critically reviewed. The importance of investigating gender differences in schizophrenia is underscored by the lack of sufficient research in this area to date and the comparative neglect of sociocultural issues during the "...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006944
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::While many who hear auditory hallucinations (AHs) experience them as unpleasant, some do not. Little is known about the correlates of AHs that are not unpleasant, or of the characteristics of those who hear them. To better understand this symptom, we used a comprehensive structured interview schedule to study 199 subj...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007060
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adult patients having schizophrenia (SZ) or bipolar disorder (BP) may have in common neurocognitive deficits. Former evidence suggests impairments in several neuropsychological functions in young offspring at genetic risk for SZ or BP. Moreover, a dose-response relation may exist between the degree of famili...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn058
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goals of the project Social Cognition and Functioning in Schizophrenia (SCAF) were to (1) identify the domains to target from social neuroscience for translation to clinical schizophrenia research, (2) identify the paradigms that represent these domains for which the neural substrates are well documented, (3) adap...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type:
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt128
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The issue of specificity of delusions in schizophrenia is still a matter of debate. The authors analyze the delusion formation in schizophrenia from a prototypical, phenomenological point of view, focusing on the subject's experience. This perspective links delusion formation to the autistic predisposition, which is c...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/19.3.579
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) with item levels ranging from 1 to 7 leads to the trivial result that the 30-item scale's zero level (no symptoms) is 30. This causes serious problems when ratios are calculated which always implicitly depend on a natural zero point (equals 0). Recent publ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp124
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue we have tried to bring together a series of reviews describing new developments in the pharmacologic management of schizophrenia. Important progress is being made not only in medication development, but also in furthering our ability to use available treatments and treatment combinations in the most effe...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/17.2.193
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data provided by case managers in community support programs are used to analyze the problems of families providing shelter to mentally ill relatives. Factors affecting complaints in 345 family households are contrasted with factors leading to complaints in a subsample of 622 other residential alternatives. Behavioral...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/13.4.727
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changed synapse density has been suggested to be involved in the altered brain connectivity underlying schizophrenia (SCZ) pathology. However, postmortem studies addressing this topic are heterogeneous and it is not known whether changes are restricted to specific brain regions. Using meta-analysis, we systematically ...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz060
更新日期:2020-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::The causal mechanism underlying the well-established relation between advancing paternal age and schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve mutational errors during spermatogenesis that occur with increasing frequency as males age. Point mutations are well known to increase with advancing paternal age while other errors...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm093
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many previous observers have reported some qualitative similarities between the normal mental state of dreaming and the abnormal mental state of psychosis. Recent psychological, tomographic, electrophysiological, and neurochemical data appear to confirm the functional similarities between these 2 states. In this study...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm116
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A frontostriatal hypothesis of schizophrenia is advanced which takes into account evidence from studies of neurochemical pathology, functional imaging, cognitive neuropsychology, and experimental and clinical psychopharmacology, in addition to factor analyses of the symptomatic heterogeneity of this disorder. This evi...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/16.3.391
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychotic experiences may be understood as altered information processing due to aberrant neural computations. A prominent example of such neural computations is the computation of prediction errors (PEs), which signal the difference between expected and experienced events. Among other areas showing PE coding, hippoca...
journal_title:Schizophrenia bulletin
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/schbul/sby154
更新日期:2019-09-11 00:00:00