Abstract:
:The penicillin family of antibiotics remains an important part of our antimicrobial armamentarium. In general, these agents have bactericidal activity, excellent distribution throughout the body, low toxicity, and efficacy against infections caused by susceptible bacteria. The initial introduction of aqueous penicillin G for treatment of streptococcal and staphylococcal infections was an important pharmacologic landmark. The emergence of penicillinase-producing Staphylococcus aureus prompted the development of the penicillinase-resistant penicillins (for example, methicillin, oxacillin, and nafcillin), in which an acyl side chain prevented disruption of the beta-lactamase ring. Subsequently, the aminopenicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin, and bacampicillin) were developed because of the need for gram-negative antimicrobial activity. Their spectrum initially included Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Shigella, Salmonella, Listeria, Haemophilus, and Neisseria. The search for a penicillin with additional antimicrobial activity against the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the development of the carboxypenicillins (carbenicillin and ticarcillin) and the ureidopenicillins (mezlocillin, azlocillin, and piperacillin). Finally, the combination of a beta-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid, sulbactam, or tazobactam) and an aminopenicillin, ticarcillin, or piperacillin has further extended their antibacterial spectra by inhibiting certain beta-lactamases (non-group 1) of resistant bacteria. The development of an ideal penicillin that is rapidly bactericidal, nonsensitizing, nontoxic, bioavailable, and resistant to beta-lactamases and that has a high affinity for penicillin-binding proteins remains the goal.
journal_name
Mayo Clin Procjournal_title
Mayo Clinic proceedingsauthors
Wright AJdoi
10.4065/74.3.290keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-03-01 00:00:00pages
290-307issue
3eissn
0025-6196issn
1942-5546pii
S0025-6196(11)63867-6journal_volume
74pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the efficacy of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of intra-abdominal lymphoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS:The medical records of patients with suspected primary or recurrent lymphoma who underwent laparoscopy between March 1991 and March 2003 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical, operative, and pathologic dat...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4065/80.5.625
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carcinoid tumor of the thymus is a rare neoplasm. Formerly confused with thymoma, a tumor of thymic epithelial cells, carcinoid tumor of the thymus has recently been shown to arise from cells of neuroendocrine origin that are normally present in the thymus. About half of the tumors are either functionally active (usua...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus lugdunensis, a coagulase-negative staphylococcus, is being increasingly recognized as the cause of serious infections. We report 2 cases of total knee arthroplasty infection caused by S lugdunensis. S lugdunensis frequently produces a clumping factor that can result in a positive slide (short) coagulase...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4065/75.5.511
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether blood type affects the risk of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). PATIENTS AND METHODS:The Mayo Clinic electronic medical record was searched (between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2010) to identify all patients with AF with blood group assessment...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.11.013
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Crohn's disease can involve any portion of the digestive tract, but isolated gastric Crohn's disease is a rare entity. In the few previously reported cases, the inflammatory disorder has involved only a portion of the stomach. Herein we describe a patient with diffuse involvement of the entire stomach and an associate...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61750-9
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the prognostic impact of Holter findings in patients with light chain amyloidosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We evaluated 239 patients in whom light chain amyloidosis was diagnosed from January 1, 2010, through December 31, 2015, who underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring. RESULTS:Holter testing was don...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.08.039
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the nature and prognosis of severe chronic active hepatitis of unknown cause, we compared 26 patients who had been fully screened for etiologic factors with 112 patients who had autoimmune chronic active hepatitis after similar durations of corticosteroid therapy (17(+)/- 2 versus 23 (+)/- 2 months), and fol...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62106-5
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD), increasing the prevalence of healthy lifestyle choices is a global imperative. Currently, cardiac rehabilitation programs are a primary way that modifiable risk factors are addressed in the secondary prevention setting after a cardiovascular (CV) event/diagnosis. Even ...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.03.002
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocarditis, an inflammatory disease of heart muscle, is an important cause of dilated cardiomyopathy worldwide. Viral infection is also an important cause of myocarditis, and the spectrum of viruses known to cause myocarditis has changed in the past 2 decades. Several new diagnostic methods, such as cardiac magnetic ...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60670-8
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To provide external validation of the diagnostic accuracy of the Sleep Apnea Clinical Score (SACS) tool in a new setting and patient population. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We conducted a prospective cohort study. Potential participants were adult family medicine patients. We excluded patients with a SACS of 0, kno...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.022
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of medical knowledge acquisition with attendance at specific conference types during internal medicine residency. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS:Attendance at residency core curriculum, morbidity and mortality, and medical grand rounds conferences was tracked for 195 residents who took t...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4065/83.4.449
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The symptoms of progressive dyspnea, hemoptysis, spontaneous pneumothorax, chylous effusions, and cough in conjunction with ventilatory obstruction and abnormal gas exchange in a young woman should prompt the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Cytosol steroid-receptor assays and postmortem studies were condu...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60333-4
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship of age and clinical factors to postoperative cardiovascular events in a cohort of diabetic patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS:In this cohort study, 316 diabetic patients were followed up prospectively after femoral-to-distal artery bypass surgery...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4065/76.1.34
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the incidence of selected systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs) in approximately 14,000 male rescue/recovery workers enrolled in the Fire Department of the City of New York (FDNY) World Trade Center (WTC) Health Program and to compare FDNY incidence to rates from demographically similar men in the ...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.09.019
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the effects of glutathione on pain-free walking distance (PFWD) and hemodynamic parameters in patients with peripheral artery disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Forty patients with Fontaine stage II peripheral artery disease who were seen between September 2000 and March 2001 at the vascular laboratory ...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.4065/77.8.754
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because fasting nerve myo-inositol (myo-Ins) is not decreased in patients with diabetes treated conventionally, in whom neuropathy may develop or may have already developed, it seems unlikely that myo-Ins is the metabolic abnormality that initiates diabetic neuropathy, if nerve myo-Ins is not spuriously high during fa...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61217-8
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the two variants of Castleman's disease--the hyaline-vascular type and the plasma-cell type--and discuss the associated histologic features. DESIGN:We present a case of the hyaline-vascular type and review the literature. RESULTS:Castleman's disease was once thought to be localized and self-limi...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.4065/70.10.969
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the frequency and clinical implications of positive autoimmune serologies in patients with biopsy-confirmed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). PATIENTS AND METHODS:We reviewed the records of patients at our institution with biopsy-confirmed usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) from January 1, 1995,...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.018
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sympathetic nervous system plays a key role in regulating arterial blood pressure in humans. This review provides an overview of sympathetic neural control of the circulation and discusses the changes that occur in various disease states, including hypertension, heart failure, and obstructive sleep apnea. It focus...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60492-8
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergen immunotherapy involves exposing a patient to a gradually escalating dose of a specific allergen with the intention of decreasing allergic and inflammatory responses, ultimately leading to a sustained decrease in allergic symptoms. A build-up phase (once weekly injections) is followed by a maintenance phase (o...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4065/82.9.1119
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess whether dietary supplements that are herbal and/or animal-derived products, marketed for enhancing metabolism or promoting energy, "adrenal fatigue," or "adrenal support," contain thyroid or steroid hormones. METHODS:Twelve dietary adrenal support supplements were purchased. Pregnenolone, androsten...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.10.019
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary causes due to mutations and defects in certain genes account for roughly 5% to 10% of all colorectal cancers. These inherited syndromes have been associated with a 60% to 100% lifetime risk for development of colorectal cancer, depending on the genetic syndrome, and many also carry an increased risk for mul...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.01.042
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by 2 pathogenic defects, impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. The resultant hyperglycemia causes microvascular and macrovascular complications that increase morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus. Optimum glycemic cont...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a rare and frequently fatal disorder with no proven treatment. Case reports and data from a rat model of GCM suggest that immunosuppressive therapy directed against T lymphocytes may have clinical benefit. We describe a 47-year-old man with severe acute heart failure due to GCM in whom ...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.4065/74.12.1221
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a prospective, randomized trial to study the efficacy and tolerance of long-term versus short-term treatment with recombinant interferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Ten patients were randomly assigned to a 6-month interferon regimen, and 10 patients were assigned to a 3-week interferon t...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62144-2
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of application of back supports on back strength in subjects with osteoporosis. DESIGN:In a prospective, randomized, controlled study, we compared compliance and evaluated changes in back strength in 45 women with osteoporosis who were older than 40 years of age and were randomly assi...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.4065/71.3.235
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies were undertaken to determine the effects of lidocaine on ischemic myocardium, which was induced by coronary artery constriction in open-chested dogs. A real-time epicardial fluorescent technique to detect in vivo-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) during 60 seconds of ischemia was used. Blood flo...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1982-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and sedentary behavior, independent of exercise activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We included 2223 participants (aged 12-49 years; 1053 females [47%]) without known heart disease who had both cardiovascular fitness testing and at least 1 day of acce...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.04.019
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report represents a retrospective analysis of preoperative echophonocardiographic studies in 118 patients who had surgery for the repair or replacement of malfunctioning prosthetic valves. A variety of prostheses implanted in the mitral, aortic, and tricuspid positions were assessed. The most frequent prosthetic ...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1980-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::From January 1975 through July 1987 at the Mayo Clinic, 16 patients received postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil (pathologic stage I in 4 patients, stage III in 3, and stage IV in 9). Follow-up was continued for a minimum of 2 years or until death. At 5 years, overall sur...
journal_title:Mayo Clinic proceedings
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)60602-8
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00