Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:A high proportion of grade 2 disability (visible deformity) is indicative of delay in detection of leprosy and leprosy is one of the major causes of preventable disability. We conducted this study to determine the risk factors associated with disability (G2D and G1D) among adult new leprosy cases and to measure their strength of association. METHODS:A multi-centric case-control study was undertaken in five states of India i.e. Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Maharashtra and West Bengal). Among new adult patients, cases were defined as those with disability (G2D and G1D) at the time of diagnosis and controls were defined as those without any disability (G0D). Delays were quantified based on patient recall across a timeline. Patient delay defined as the time period between first noticed symptom by the patient and the first visit to any health care provider (HCP); HCP delay defined as the time period between patient's first visit to any HCP and the confirmation of diagnosis of leprosy; and total delay defined as the sum of both patient and HCP delays. RESULTS:A total of 1400 new leprosy patients (700 G2D/G1D and 700 G0D) across five states were interviewed. Among G2D/G1D, the median patient delay was 8 months compared with 4 months among G0D. The median HCP delay was 2 months for G2D/G1D and 1 month for G0D. The median total delay was 14 months for G2D/G1D and 6.2 months for G0D; observed median difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). When patient delay was more than 3 months, odds of G2D/G1D at diagnosis were 1.6 times higher compared to when patient delay was less than 3 months. When the HCP delay was more than one month, the odds of G2D/G1D were 1.4 times higher compared to when the HCP delay was less than one month. When the patient had multi-bacillary type leprosy the odds of G2D/G1D at the time of diagnosis was nine times higher compared to pauci-bacillary type leprosy. CONCLUSION:Patient delay is the major reason for risk of disability (G2D/G1D) among adult leprosy patients. A patient delay of more than 3 months from the notice of first symptom is a significant indicator for the disabilities among adult leprosy patients. Early case detection campaigns like active surveys in endemic spots should be done periodically as this can reduce delays and promote early diagnosis. Additionally, the program should lay greater emphasis on raising community awareness regarding the disease. Also, health care provider delay of more than 1 month have been significant risk factors for disability among adult leprosy cases. Hence, periodical capacitation of all HCPs including private practitioners would significantly contribute to reduce diagnostic delay and promote timely referral and early detection.
journal_name
PLoS Negl Trop Disjournal_title
PLoS neglected tropical diseasesauthors
Srinivas G,Muthuvel T,Lal V,Vaikundanathan K,Schwienhorst-Stich EM,Kasang Cdoi
10.1371/journal.pntd.0007495subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-27 00:00:00pages
e0007495issue
6eissn
1935-2727issn
1935-2735pii
PNTD-D-18-01773journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,多中心研究abstract:BACKGROUND:In 2012 the WHO formally recognised that infants and preschool children are at significant risk of schistosomiasis and qualify for treatment with praziquantel (PZQ). Targeted surveys determining both the performance and safety of this drug are now needed in endemic areas. We have formally assessed parasitolo...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001864
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sensitization to Anisakis spp. can produce allergic reactions after eating raw or undercooked parasitized fish. Specific IgE is detected long after the onset of symptoms, but the changes in specific IgE levels over a long follow-up period are unknown; furthermore, the influence of Anisakis spp. allergen expo...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004864
更新日期:2016-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an effective round of mass drug administration (MDA) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) as one that reaches at least 65% of the target population. In its first round of MDA in 2011-2012, the National Program to Eliminate LF in Haiti achieved a 79% epidemiological coverage in urba...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008318
更新日期:2020-05-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cotrimoxazole prevents opportunistic infections including falciparum malaria in HIV-infected individuals but there are concerns of cross-resistance to other antifolate drugs such as sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). In this study, we investigated the prevalence of antifolate-resistance mutations in Plasmodium ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007223
更新日期:2019-03-21 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing burden of dengue, and the relative failure of traditional vector control programs highlight the need to develop new control methods. SIT using self-limiting genetic technology is one such promising method. A self-limiting strain of Aedes aegypti, OX513A, has already reached the stage of field evaluation...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003864
更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is one of the most common diarrheal pathogens in the low- and middle-income regions of the world, however a systematic examination of the genomic content of isolates from Chile has not yet been undertaken. Whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis of a collection of 125 E...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007828
更新日期:2019-11-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Among the different faces of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) developing in HIV-patients, no clinical definition has been reported for Schistosomiasis-IRIS (Schisto-IRIS). Although Schisto-IRIS remains largely uninvestigated, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metallop...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006710
更新日期:2018-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fascioliasis is an emerging zoonotic disease of considerable veterinary and public health importance. Triclabendazole is the only available drug for treatment. Laboratory studies have documented promising fasciocidal properties of the artemisinins (e.g., artemether). METHODOLOGY:We carried out two explorato...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001285
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Most available drugs against visceral leishmaniasis are toxic, and growing limitations in available chemotherapeutic strategies due to emerging resistant strains and lack of an effective vaccine against visceral leishmaniasis deepens the crisis. Antineoplastic drugs like miltefosine have in the past been eff...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001629
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Tick feeding causes extreme morbidity and mortality to humans through transmission of pathogens and causes severe economic losses to the agricultural industry by reducing livestock yield. Salivary gland secretions are essential for tick feeding and thus, reducing or preventing saliva secretions into the vert...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007153
更新日期:2019-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissue with a high morbidity. This disease has been reported from countries between 30°N and 15°S since 1840 but the exact burden of disease is not known. It is currently unknown what the incidence, prevalence and the number of reported cases per year per co...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002550
更新日期:2013-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hantaan virus (HTNV) causes a severe lethal haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. Despite a limited understanding of the pathogenesis of HFRS, the importance of the abundant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines has been widely recognized. Interleukin 33 (IL-33) has been demonstrated to...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003514
更新日期:2015-02-06 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006803.]. ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007150
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::We recently reported the medicinal chemistry re-optimization of a series of compounds derived from the human tyrosine kinase inhibitor, lapatinib, for activity against Plasmodium falciparum. From this same library of compounds, we now report potent compounds against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (which causes human Africa...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006834
更新日期:2018-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We identified the species of Leishmania isolated from traveling and migrant patients attended in a reference center from 2000 to 2015, we performed the georeferencing of these species in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state and we had knowledge about the human flows between the likely location of infection (LLI) and pl...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007748
更新日期:2019-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Mosquito-borne viral diseases cause significant burden in much of the developing world. Although host-virus interactions have been studied extensively in the vertebrate host, little is known about mosquito responses to viral infection. In contrast to mosquitoes of the Aedes and Culex genera, Anopheles gambia...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001565
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cross sectional serological survey of arboviral infections in humans was conducted on the three islands of the Union of Comoros, Indian Ocean, in order to test a previously suggested contrasted exposure of the three neighboring islands to arthropod-borne epidemics. Four hundred human sera were collected on Ngazidja ...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004840
更新日期:2016-12-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human cysticercosis is a zoonotic disease causing severe health disorders and even death. While prevalence data become available worldwide, incidence rate and cumulative incidence figures are lacking, which limits the understanding of the Taenia solium epidemiology. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:A seroepid...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002887
更新日期:2014-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::The immunomodulatory properties of lipophosphoglycans (LPG) from New World species of Leishmania have been assessed in Leishmania infantum and Leishmania braziliensis, the causative agents of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively. This glycoconjugate is highly polymorphic among species with variation in s...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004848
更新日期:2016-08-10 00:00:00
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002978
更新日期:2014-07-24 00:00:00
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005172
更新日期:2016-12-02 00:00:00
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005598
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006280
更新日期:2018-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It has high mortality as well as morbidity rates and usually affects the poorer sections of the population. The development of new, less harmful and more effective drugs is a promising research target, since current standard treatments are highly t...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002556
更新日期:2013-12-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006675
更新日期:2018-07-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although leprosy is portrayed as a disappearing disease, leprosy affected persons in India are still suffering massively. Even further, nearly 60% of the world's newly detected cases are appearing from India alone. The problem has exacerbated due to the drastic decrease of global funding after India's offici...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008016
更新日期:2020-01-13 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The success of the global strategy to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) through mass drug administration (MDA) campaigns is dependent on meeting high coverage levels over long periods of time. Community engagement plays a critical role in driving coverage and involvement of local communities in MDA for LF....
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007861
更新日期:2019-11-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:New therapeutics are needed for neglected tropical diseases including Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), a progressive and fatal disease caused by the protozoan parasites Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense. There is a need for simple, efficient, cost effective methods to identify new molecu...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004506
更新日期:2016-03-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008217
更新日期:2020-04-13 00:00:00
abstract::Burkholderia pseudomallei causes the tropical infection melioidosis. Pneumonia is a common manifestation of melioidosis and is associated with high mortality. Understanding the key elements of host defense is essential to developing new therapeutics for melioidosis. As a flagellated bacterium encoding type III secreti...
journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003178
更新日期:2014-09-18 00:00:00