Abstract:
:Background: Infection with HIV-2, a retrovirus that is closely related to HIV-1, is characterized by slower disease progression and transmission, longer latency period and low or undetectable viremia. Host immunity, including production of potent neutralizing antibodies, may be one of the possible contributors to the distinction between the two infections. In an attempt to understand whether HIV-2 infection results in production of neutralizing antibodies and to characterize the nature of the neutralization response we screened plasma of 37 HIV-2 infected individuals for the presence of broadly neutralizing antibodies. Materials and Methods: Thirty seven asymptomatic, ART-naïve, HIV-2 infected individuals were recruited for the study. Plasma obtained from these individuals were screened for the presence of broadly cross reactive neutralizing antibodies (BCNabs) using the standard neutralization screening protocol with a panel of HIV-1 and HIV-2 pseudoviruses. Plasma exhibiting broad neutralization activity were assessed for their potency employing a titration assay. Further, an attempt was made to characterize the neutralization specificity of the plasma exhibiting broad and potent neutralization activity. Result: While majority of the samples tested were capable of neutralizing HIV-2 pseudoviruses with high to moderate potency, one unique sample demonstrated broad cross clade and cross type neutralization with ability to strongly neutralize the vast majority of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses tested (19/20). Preliminary analyses indicate the possible presence of antibodies with multiple glycan epitope binding specificities. Conclusion: The study identified a unique HIV-2 sample with exceptional ability to neutralize HIV-2 viruses and cross-neutralize HIV-1 viruses with great breadth and potency. This sample holds promise for isolation of novel monoclonal antibodies that may exploited as potential therapeutic tools for HIV infection.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Vidyavijayan KK,Cheedarala N,Babu H,Precilla LK,Sathyamurthi P,Chandrasekaran P,Murugavel KG,Swaminathan S,Tripathy SP,Hanna LEdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2018.02841subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-12-17 00:00:00pages
2841issn
1664-3224journal_volume
9pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究abstract::Acquired generalized lipodystrophy (AGL) is a rare condition characterized by an altered distribution of adipose tissue and predisposition to develop hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia. Diagnosis of AGL is based on the observation of generalized fat loss, autoimmunity and lack of family...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02142
更新日期:2018-09-19 00:00:00
abstract::IRF-7 mediates robust production of type I IFN via MyD88 of the TLR9 pathway in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Previous in vitro studies using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells lacking either Irf7 or Irf3 have demonstrated that only IRF-3 is required for IFN-β production in the TLR4 pathway. Here, we show that...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00640
更新日期:2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) on cancer progression has been demonstrated in a large number of preclinical models and confirmed in several types of malignancies. Neoplastic processes trigger an increase of Treg numbers in draining lymph nodes, spleen, blood, and tumors, leading to t...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2013.00292
更新日期:2013-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::TNFAIP3 encodes the NF-κB regulatory protein A20. High-penetrance heterozygous mutations in TNFAIP3 cause a haploinsufficiency of A20 (HA20), inadequate inhibition of NF-κB pathway, and an early onset autoinflammatory disorder. However, the clinical phenotype of patients with HA20 varies greatly and clinical diagnoses...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01527
更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00
abstract::Human Campylobacter infections are progressively rising and of high socioeconomic impact. In the present preclinical intervention study we investigated anti-pathogenic, immuno-modulatory, and intestinal epithelial barrier preserving properties of vitamin D applying an acute campylobacteriosis model. Therefore, seconda...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02094
更新日期:2019-09-03 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Chagas disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) affects approximately six million individuals worldwide. Clinical manifestations are expected to occur due to the parasite persistence and host immune response. Herein we investigated potential associations between IL1B, IL6, IL17A, or IL18 polymorphism p...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.521409
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract:Background:Human pregnancy alters profoundly the immune system. The local involvement and mechanisms of activation of the complement system in the cervicovaginal milieu during pregnancy and delivery remain unexplored. Objectives:To determine whether normal pregnancy and delivery are associated with local activation of...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.563073
更新日期:2021-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)-related mortality and morbidity imposes a great deal of health concern across the globe. The existing anti-leishmanial drug regimen generally fails to eliminate newly emerging resistant isolates of this dreadful parasite. In such circumstances, the development of a prophylactic strategy to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00817
更新日期:2020-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::Diseases due to mycobacteria, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer, rank among the top causes of death and disability worldwide. Animal studies have revealed the importance of T cells in controlling these infections. However, the specific antigens recognized by T cells that confer protective immunity and ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00170
更新日期:2020-02-11 00:00:00
abstract::A successful outcome to pregnancy is dependent on the ability of the maternal uterine microenvironment to regulate inflammation processes and establish maternal tolerance. Recently, B cells have been shown to influence pregnancy outcomes as aberrations in their numbers and functions are associated with obstetric compl...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02899
更新日期:2019-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Pemphigus and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are severe potentially life-threatening autoimmune diseases. They are classified as B-cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, both depending on autoreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes to modulate the autoimmune B-cell response. Despite the reported association of pemphigus and SLE, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01992
更新日期:2018-01-17 00:00:00
abstract::Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans cont...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885
更新日期:2018-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::The buccal mucosa (BM) of vertebrates is a critical mucosal barrier constantly exposed to rich and diverse pathogens from air, water, and food. While mammals are known to contain a mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the buccal cavity which induces B-cells and immunoglobulins (Igs) responses against bacterial...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.562795
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::The lymphatic vasculature plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammatory response by influencing drainage of extravasated fluid, inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes. Lymphatic vessels undergo pronounced enlargement in inflamed tissue and display increased leakiness, indicating reduced functionality. Interferin...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00308
更新日期:2019-02-26 00:00:00
abstract::To improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for cancer and autoimmune diseases, recent ongoing and completed clinical trials have focused on specific targets to redirect the immune network toward eradicating a variety of tumors and ameliorating the self-destructive process. In a previous review, both systemic immunomodul...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00206
更新日期:2014-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Enhanced susceptibility to bacterial infection in the days following an acute virus infection such as flu is a major clinical problem. Mouse models have provided major advances in understanding viral-bacterial superinfections, yet interactions of the anti-viral and anti-bacterial responses remain elusive. Here, we hav...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01084
更新日期:2018-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::Background: Variants in recombination-activating genes (RAG) are common genetic causes of autosomal recessive forms of combined immunodeficiencies (CID) ranging from severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), Omenn syndrome (OS), leaky SCID, and CID with granulomas and/or autoimmunity (CID-G/AI), and even milder present...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00900
更新日期:2020-06-10 00:00:00
abstract::We consider the problem of self-tolerance in the frame of a minimalistic model of the idiotypic network. A node of this network represents a population of B-lymphocytes of the same idiotype, which is encoded by a bit string. The links of the network connect nodes with (nearly) complementary strings. The population of ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00086
更新日期:2014-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Sepsis is characterized by the host's dysregulated immune response to an infection followed by a potentially fatal organ dysfunction. Although there have been some advances in the treatment of sepsis, mainly focused on broad-spectrum antibiotics, mortality rates remain high, urging for the search of new therapies. Oxi...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01238
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is under constant selective pressure from the immune system in vivo. Study of HCMV genes that have been lost in the absence of, or genetically altered by, such selection can focus research toward findings of in vivo significance. We have been particularly interested in the most pronounced ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02214
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human maternal autoantibodies can trigger autoimmune diseases such as congenital heart block (CHB) in the progeny of women with lupus or Sjogren's disease. The pathogenic effect of early autoantibody (autoAb) exposure has been investigated in a murine neonatal autoimmune ovarian disease (nAOD) model triggered by a uni...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00242
更新日期:2014-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen that infects virtually all children by 2 years of age and is the leading cause of hospitalization of infants worldwide. While most children experience mild symptoms, some children progress to severe lower respiratory tract infection. Those children with severe dis...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00226
更新日期:2018-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Acute infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is associated with immune dysfunction and can cause peripheral blood lymphopenia and lymphocyte apoptosis. Our previous study has confirmed that programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade inhibits peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) apoptosis and restores proliferation and a...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00467
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process that contributes to host immunity by eliminating invasive pathogens and the modulating inflammatory response. Several infectious and immune disorders are associated with autophagy defects, suggesting that stimulation of autophagy in these diseases should be beneficial. Here...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.03149
更新日期:2019-01-14 00:00:00
abstract::Influenza virus NS2 is well known for its role in viral ribonucleoprotein nuclear export; however, its function has not been fully understood. A recent study showed that NS2 might interact with HIST1H1C (H1C, H1.2). Histones have been found to affect influenza virus replication, such as the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, but H...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00350
更新日期:2017-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinuria is an adverse prognostic feature in renal diseases. In proteinuric nephropathies, filtered proteins exert an injurious effect on the renal tubulointerstitium, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis. In the present study, we assessed to what extent complement activation via the lectin pathway may contribute...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02238
更新日期:2019-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Major histocompatibility complex class two (MHC-II) molecules are trans-membrane proteins and key components of the cellular immune system. Upon recognition of foreign peptides expressed on the MHC-II binding groove, CD4+ T cells mount an immune response against invading pathogens. Therefore, mechanistic identificatio...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01410
更新日期:2018-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::Polarization has been a useful concept for describing activated macrophage phenotypes and gene expression profiles. However, macrophage activation status within tumors and other settings are often inferred based on only a few markers. Complicating matters for relevance to human biology, many macrophage activation mark...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00253
更新日期:2015-05-27 00:00:00
abstract::Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes that recognize vitamin B metabolites of microbial origin among other antigens displayed by the monomorphic molecule MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1). Abundant in human tissues, reactive to local inflammatory cues, and endowed w...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01691
更新日期:2020-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoglobulin (Ig) replacement therapy dramatically changed the clinical course of primary hypogammaglobulinemias, significantly reducing the incidence of infectious events. Over the last two decades its use has been extended to secondary antibody deficiencies, particularly those related to hematological disorders as...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00626
更新日期:2014-12-08 00:00:00