Abstract:
:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is under constant selective pressure from the immune system in vivo. Study of HCMV genes that have been lost in the absence of, or genetically altered by, such selection can focus research toward findings of in vivo significance. We have been particularly interested in the most pronounced change in the highly passaged laboratory strains AD169 and Towne-the deletion of 13-15 kb of sequence (designated the UL/b' region) that encodes up to 22 canonical genes, UL133-UL150. At least 5 genes have been identified in UL/b' that inhibit NK cell function. UL135 suppresses formation of the immunological synapse (IS) by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton, thereby illustrating target cell cooperation in IS formation. UL141 inhibits expression of two activating ligands (CD155, CD112) for the activating receptor CD226 (DNAM-1), and two receptors (TRAIL-R1, R2) for the apoptosis-inducing TRAIL. UL142, ectopically expressed in isolation, and UL148A, target specific MICA allotypes that are ligands for NKG2D. UL148 impairs expression of CD58 (LFA-3), the co-stimulatory cell adhesion molecule for CD2 found on T and NK cells. Outside UL/b', studies on natural variants have shown UL18 mutants change affinity for their inhibitory ligand LIR-1, while mutations in UL40's HLA-E binding peptide differentially drive NKG2C+ NK expansions. Research into HCMV genomic stability and its effect on NK function has provided important insights into virus:host interactions, but future studies will require consideration of genetic variability and the effect of genes expressed in the context of infection to fully understand their in vivo impact.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Patel M,Vlahava VM,Forbes SK,Fielding CA,Stanton RJ,Wang ECYdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2018.02214subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-01 00:00:00pages
2214issn
1664-3224journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Ticks, blood-feeding arthropods, and secrete immunosuppressive molecules that inhibit host immune responses and provide survival advantages to pathogens. In this study, we characterized the immunosuppressive function of a novel tick salivary protein, DsCystatin, from Dermacentor silvarum of China. DsCystatin directly ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01245
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability, and facial anomaly (ICF) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition with severe immunodeficiency, which leads to lethal infections if not recognized and treated in early childhood. Up-to-date treatment regimens consist of prophylactic and supportive treatment of...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00773
更新日期:2017-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Assembly of the CARD11/CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 (CBM) signaling complex upon T or B cell antigen receptor (TCR or BCR) engagement drives lymphocyte activation. Recruitment of pre-assembled BCL10-MALT1 complexes to CARD11 fosters activation of the MALT1 protease and canonical NF-κB signaling. Structural data and in vitro ass...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02695
更新日期:2018-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Uncontrolled activation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β results in a wide range of pathologic conditions. Therapeutic interventions to regulate TGF-β signaling during fibrosis have been developed but the effectiveness is still limited. Here, we show that developmental endothelial locus-1 (Del-1) ameliorates fibr...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00068
更新日期:2020-02-07 00:00:00
abstract::The germinal center reaction is an important target for modulating antibody responses. Antibody production from germinal centers is regulated by a negative feedback mechanism termed antibody feedback. By imposing antibody feedback, germinal centers can interact and regulate the output of other germinal centers. Using ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02116
更新日期:2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::During hypoxia, cells undergo transcriptional changes to adjust to metabolic stress, to promote cell survival, and to induce pro-angiogenic factors. Hypoxia-induced factors (HIFs) regulate these transcriptional alterations. Failure to restore oxygen levels results in cell death by necrosis. IL-1α is one of the most im...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00290
更新日期:2012-09-14 00:00:00
abstract::Older adults are more vulnerable to influenza virus infection and at higher risk for severe complications and influenza-related death compared to younger adults. Unfortunately, influenza vaccine responses tend to be impaired in older adults due to aging of the immune system (immunosenescence). Latent infection with cy...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00082
更新日期:2018-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 125 in vol. 6, PMID: 25852693.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00324
更新日期:2015-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::In the current quest for a complete cure for HIV/AIDS, highly sensitive HIV-1 latency detection methods are critical to verify full viral eradication. Until now, the in vitro quantitative viral outgrowth assays (qVOA) have been the gold standard for assessing latent HIV-1 viral burden. However, these assays have been ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00344
更新日期:2018-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::Scleroderma (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by immune dysregulation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. We have previously demonstrated that low Fli1 expression in SSc fibroblasts and endothelial cells plays an important role in SSc pathogenesis. Cells of myeloid and lymphoid origin also expres...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00800
更新日期:2020-05-19 00:00:00
abstract::Acute infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is associated with immune dysfunction and can cause peripheral blood lymphopenia and lymphocyte apoptosis. Our previous study has confirmed that programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade inhibits peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) apoptosis and restores proliferation and a...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00467
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::[This corrects the article on p. 998 in vol. 9, PMID: 29867975.]. ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,已发布勘误
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01343
更新日期:2018-06-13 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to stimulate and regulate T cells is critical to effective anti-tumor immunity. Therefore, it is important to fully recognize any inherent factors which may influence DC function under experimental conditions, especially in laboratory mice since they are used so heavily to model im...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00023
更新日期:2014-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The adaptive immune response is initiated in lymph nodes by contact between antigen-bearing dendritic cells (DCs) and antigen-specific T cells. A selected number of naïve T cells that recognize a specific antigen may proliferate into expanded clones, differentiate, and acquire an effector phenotype. Despite growing ex...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01289
更新日期:2019-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is regarded as the main etiological risk factor in the process of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), as it promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment that is partially mediated by the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling pathway. The tumo...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01037
更新日期:2020-05-28 00:00:00
abstract::Controversy over the frequency of human B1 cells in normal individuals has arisen as different labs have begun to employ non-uniform techniques to study this population. The phenotypic profile and relative paucity of circulating human B1 cells place constraints on methodology to identify and isolate this population. M...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00122
更新日期:2012-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::Toll-like receptor (TLR)-10 remains an orphan receptor without well-characterized ligands or functions. Here, we reveal that TLR10 is predominantly localized to endosomes and binds dsRNA in vitro at endosomal pH, suggesting that dsRNA is a ligand of TLR10. Recognition of dsRNA by TLR10 activates recruitment of myeloid...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00516
更新日期:2018-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The autoimmune regulator (Aire)-directed ectopic expression of tissue-specific antigens (TSAs) by mature medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) has been viewed as an essential mechanism in the induction of central tolerance. Recent data suggest that the survival of mTECs extends beyond the Aire+ cell population to ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00019
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor initially identified because of its role in controlling the cellular response to environmental molecules. More recently, AHR has been shown to play a crucial role in controlling innate and adaptive immune responses through several mechanism...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00521
更新日期:2014-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized sentinel cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune response and play a crucial role in shaping the adaptive immune response. Vitamin D, a known epidemiological risk factor for the development of several autoimmune diseases, influences the development of dendritic cells. Cons...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00600
更新日期:2019-03-28 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer characterized by proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM). MM represents the second most frequent hematological malignancy, accounting 1% of all cancer and 13% of hematological tumors, with ~9,000 new cases per year. Patients with monoclonal gammop...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02722
更新日期:2018-11-28 00:00:00
abstract::Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma mansoni trematode worm, affects more than 1.5 million people in Brazil. The current treatment consists in the administration of Praziquantel, the only medicine used for treatment for more than 40 years. Some of the limitations of this drug consist in its inactivity against schist...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.569988
更新日期:2020-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Early clearance of tuberculosis is the successful eradication of inhaled bacteria before the development of an adaptive immune response. We previously showed, by utilizing a non-virulent mycobacteria infection model, that C57BL/6 mice are more efficient than BALB/c in their control of bacterial growth in the lungs dur...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01939
更新日期:2018-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::It has been previously shown that the amyloid precursor protein (APP) support the innate immune defense as an immune receptor. Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides seem to have properties of an antimicrobial peptide and can act as opsonines. In APP-deficient mouse models, a reduced secretion of cytokines has been observed. Still, ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01967
更新日期:2020-09-03 00:00:00
abstract::Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) is becoming a common global concern due to the emergence of multi-drug or pan-drug resistant strains. Confronting the issue of antimicrobial resistance by developing vaccines against the resistant pathogen is becoming a common strategy. In this study, different methods for prepar...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01069
更新日期:2020-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::DExD/H-box helicase 36 (DHX36) is known to be an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the guanine-quadruplexes DNA or RNA, but emerging data suggest that it also functions as pattern recognition receptor in innate immunity. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an Arterivirus that has been ...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01365
更新日期:2017-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Delivery of cell-associated antigen represents an important strategy for vaccination. While many experimental models have been developed in order to define the critical parameters for efficient cross-priming, few have utilized quantitative methods that permit the study of the endogenous repertoire. Comparing different...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2011.00071
更新日期:2011-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which antigen binding to the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) generates intracellular signaling, a process termed TCR triggering, is incompletely understood. A large body of experimental evidence has implicated multiple biophysical/biochemical effects and multiple molecules in the process of TCR triggeri...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2011.00091
更新日期:2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinase 3 (PR3) is the autoantigen in granulomatosis with polyangiitis, an autoimmune necrotizing vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). Moreover, PR3 is a serine protease whose membrane expression can potentiate inflammatory diseases such as ANCA-associated vasculitis and rheuma...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00818
更新日期:2018-04-25 00:00:00
abstract::Autoimmune diseases involve a complex dysregulation of immunity. Autoimmune diseases include many members [e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)], and most of them are classified according to what organs and tissues are targeted by the damaging immune response. Many studies have focuse...
journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02381
更新日期:2018-10-16 00:00:00