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Evolutionary history and phylogeography of rabies viruses associated with outbreaks in Trinidad.

Abstract：

:Bat rabies is an emerging disease of public health significance in the Americas. The Caribbean island of Trinidad experiences periodic outbreaks within the livestock population. We performed molecular characterisation of Trinidad rabies virus (RABV) and used a Bayesian phylogeographic approach to investigate the extent to which outbreaks are a result of in situ evolution versus importation of virus from the nearby South American mainland. Trinidadian RABV sequences were confirmed as bat variant and clustered with Desmodus rotundus (vampire bat) related sequences. They fell into two largely temporally defined lineages designated Trinidad I and II. The Trinidad I lineage which included sequences from 1997-2000 (all but two of which were from the northeast of the island) was most closely related to RABV from Ecuador (2005, 2007), French Guiana (1990) and Venezuela (1993, 1994). Trinidad II comprised sequences from the southwest of the island, which clustered into two groups: Trinidad IIa, which included one sequence each from 2000 and 2007, and Trinidad IIb including all 2010 sequences. The Trinidad II sequences were most closely related to sequences from Brazil (1999, 2004) and Uruguay (2007, 2008). Phylogeographic analyses support three separate RABV introductions from the mainland from which each of the three Trinidadian lineages arose. The estimated dates for the introductions and subsequent lineage expansions suggest periods of in situ evolution within Trinidad following each introduction. These data also indicate co-circulation of Trinidad lineage I and IIa during 2000. In light of these findings and the likely vampire bat origin of Trinidadian RABV, further studies should be conducted to investigate the relationship between RABV spatiotemporal dynamics and vampire bat population ecology, in particular any movement between the mainland and Trinidad.

journal_name

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

journal_title

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

authors

Seetahal JF,Velasco-Villa A,Allicock OM,Adesiyun AA,Bissessar J,Amour K,Phillip-Hosein A,Marston DA,McElhinney LM,Shi M,Wharwood CA,Fooks AR,Carrington CV

doi

10.1371/journal.pntd.0002365

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-08-22 00:00:00

pages

e2365

issue

eissn

1935-2727

issn

1935-2735

pii

PNTD-D-13-00272

journal_volume

pub_type

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Evolutionary history and phylogeography of rabies viruses associated with outbreaks in Trinidad.