Dried-blood spots: a cost-effective field method for the detection of Chikungunya virus circulation in remote areas.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:In 2005, there were outbreaks of febrile polyarthritis due to Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in the Comoros Islands. CHIKV then spread to other islands in the Indian Ocean: La Réunion, Mauritius, Seychelles and Madagascar. These outbreaks revealed the lack of surveillance and preparedness of Madagascar and other countries. Thus, it was decided in 2007 to establish a syndrome-based surveillance network to monitor dengue-like illness. OBJECTIVE:This study aims to evaluate the use of capillary blood samples blotted on filter papers for molecular diagnosis of CHIKV infection. Venous blood samples can be difficult to obtain and the shipment of serum in appropriate temperature conditions is too costly for most developing countries. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Venous blood and dried-blood blotted on filter paper (DBFP) were collected during the last CHIKV outbreak in Madagascar (2010) and as part of our routine surveillance of dengue-like illness. All samples were tested by real-time RT-PCR and results with serum and DBFP samples were compared for each patient. The sensitivity and specificity of tests performed with DBFP, relative to those with venous samples (defined as 100%) were 93.1% (95% CI:[84.7-97.7]) and 94.4% (95% CI:[88.3-97.7]), respectively. The Kappa coefficient 0.87 (95% CI:[0.80-0.94]) was excellent. CONCLUSION:This study shows that DBFP specimens can be used as a cost-effective alternative sampling method for the surveillance and monitoring of CHIKV circulation and emergence in developing countries, and probably also for other arboviruses. The loss of sensitivity is insignificant and involved a very small number of patients, all with low viral loads. Whether viruses can be isolated from dried blood spots remains to be determined.

journal_name

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

authors

Andriamandimby SF,Heraud JM,Randrianasolo L,Rafisandratantsoa JT,Andriamamonjy S,Richard V

doi

10.1371/journal.pntd.0002339

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2013-07-25 00:00:00

pages

e2339

issue

7

eissn

1935-2727

issn

1935-2735

pii

PNTD-D-12-00969

journal_volume

7

pub_type

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