Optimization of a Membrane Feeding Assay for Plasmodium vivax Infection in Anopheles albimanus.

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION:Individuals exposed to malaria infections for a long time develop immune responses capable of blocking Plasmodium transmission to mosquito vectors, potentially limiting parasite spreading in nature. Development of a malaria TB vaccine requires a better understanding of the mechanisms and main effectors responsible for transmission blocking (TB) responses. The lack of an in vitro culture system for Plasmodium vivax has been an important drawback for development of a standardized method to assess TB responses to this parasite. This study evaluated host, vector, and parasite factors that may influence Anopheles mosquito infection in order to develop an efficient and reliable assay to assess the TB immunity. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:A total of 94 P. vivax infected patients were enrolled as parasite donors or subjects of direct mosquito feeding in two malaria endemic regions of Colombia (Tierralta, and Buenaventura). Parasite infectiousness was assessed by membrane feeding assay or direct feeding assay using laboratory reared Anopheles mosquitoes. Infection was measured by qPCR and by microscopically examining mosquito midguts at day 7 for the presence of oocysts. Best infectivity was attained in four day old mosquitoes fed at a density of 100 mosquitos/cage. Membrane feeding assays produced statistically significant better infections than direct feeding assays in parasite donors; cytokine profiles showed increased IFN-γ, TNF and IL-1 levels in non-infectious individuals. Mosquito infections and parasite maturation were more reliably assessed by PCR compared to microscopy. CONCLUSIONS:We evaluated mosquito, parasite and host factors that may affect the outcome of parasite transmission as measured by artificial membrane feeding assays. Results have led us to conclude that: 1) optimal mosquito infectivity occurs with mosquitoes four days after emergence at a cage density of 100; 2) mosquito infectivity is best quantified by PCR as it may be underestimated by microscopy; 3) host cellular immune response did not appear to significantly affect mosquito infectivity; and 4) no statistically significant difference was observed in transmission between mosquitoes directly feeding on humans and artificial membrane feeding assays.

journal_name

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

authors

Vallejo AF,Rubiano K,Amado A,Krystosik AR,Herrera S,Arévalo-Herrera M

doi

10.1371/journal.pntd.0004807

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-06-29 00:00:00

pages

e0004807

issue

6

eissn

1935-2727

issn

1935-2735

pii

PNTD-D-15-01943

journal_volume

10

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Elimination of STH morbidity in Zimbabwe: Results of 6 years of deworming intervention for school-age children.

    abstract::This paper reports the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections measured in Zimbabwe before and after a control intervention based on annual deworming of school-age children (SAC) conducted from 2012 to 2018. In 2010, epidemiological data were collected from 13 195 SAC in 255 randomly sel...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008739

    authors: Midzi N,Montresor A,Mutsaka-Makuvaza MJ,Fronterre C,Manangazira P,Phiri I,Johnson O,Mhlanga G,Diggle PJ

    更新日期:2020-10-23 00:00:00

  • Hydrological Regime and Water Shortage as Drivers of the Seasonal Incidence of Diarrheal Diseases in a Tropical Montane Environment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The global burden of diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In montane areas of South-East Asia such as northern Laos, recent changes in land use have induced increased runoff, soil erosion and in-stream suspended sediment loads, and potential pathogen dissemination. To our knowled...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005195

    authors: Boithias L,Choisy M,Souliyaseng N,Jourdren M,Quet F,Buisson Y,Thammahacksa C,Silvera N,Latsachack K,Sengtaheuanghoung O,Pierret A,Rochelle-Newall E,Becerra S,Ribolzi O

    更新日期:2016-12-09 00:00:00

  • Correction: Estimating the efficacy of community-wide use of systemic insecticides in dogs to control zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis: A modelling study in a Brazilian scenario.

    abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006797.]. ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 已发布勘误

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007452

    authors: Gomez SA,Chapman LAC,Dilger E,Courtenay O,Picado A

    更新日期:2019-05-28 00:00:00

  • Refining the global spatial limits of dengue virus transmission by evidence-based consensus.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Dengue is a growing problem both in its geographical spread and in its intensity, and yet current global distribution remains highly uncertain. Challenges in diagnosis and diagnostic methods as well as highly variable national health systems mean no single data source can reliably estimate the distribution o...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001760

    authors: Brady OJ,Gething PW,Bhatt S,Messina JP,Brownstein JS,Hoen AG,Moyes CL,Farlow AW,Scott TW,Hay SI

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Correction: Diagnosis of Bacterial Bloodstream Infections: A 16S Metagenomics Approach.

    abstract::[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004470.]. ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 已发布勘误

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005811

    authors: Decuypere S,Meehan CJ,Van Puyvelde S,De Block T,Maltha J,Palpouguini L,Tahita M,Tinto H,Jacobs J,Deborggraeve S

    更新日期:2017-07-28 00:00:00

  • Impact of the Mycobaterium africanum West Africa 2 Lineage on TB Diagnostics in West Africa: Decreased Sensitivity of Rapid Identification Tests in The Gambia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:MPT64 rapid speciation tests are increasingly being used in diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium africanum West Africa 2 (Maf 2) remains an important cause of TB in West Africa and causes one third of disease in The Gambia. Since the introduction of MPT64 antigen tests, a higher than expected rate o...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004801

    authors: Ofori-Anyinam B,Kanuteh F,Agbla SC,Adetifa I,Okoi C,Dolganov G,Schoolnik G,Secka O,Antonio M,de Jong BC,Gehre F

    更新日期:2016-07-07 00:00:00

  • Galectin-3, histone deacetylases, and Hedgehog signaling: Possible convergent targets in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis.

    abstract::Schistosomiasis affects approximately 240 million people in the world. Schistosoma mansoni eggs in the liver induce periportal fibrosis and hepatic failure driven by monocyte recruitment and macrophage activation, resulting in robust Th2 response. Here, we suggested a possible involvement of Galectin-3 (Gal-3), histon...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005137

    authors: de Oliveira FL,Carneiro K,Brito JM,Cabanel M,Pereira JX,Paiva LA,Syn W,Henderson NC,El-Cheikh MC

    更新日期:2017-02-23 00:00:00

  • Clinical, etiological and epidemiological investigations of hand, foot and mouth disease in southern Vietnam during 2015 - 2018.

    abstract::Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) continues to challenge Asia with pandemic potential. In Vietnam, there have been two major outbreaks occurring during 2011-2012 (>200,000 hospitalizations and >200 deaths) and more recently in 2018 (>130,000 hospitalizations and 17 deaths). Given the high burden and the complex epid...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008544

    authors: Nhan LNT,Khanh TH,Hong NTT,Van HMT,Nhu LNT,Ny NTH,Nguyet LA,Thanh TT,Anh NT,Hang VTT,Qui PT,Viet HL,Tung TH,Ha DQ,Tuan HM,Thwaites G,Chau NVV,Thwaites L,Hung NT,van Doorn HR,Tan LV

    更新日期:2020-08-17 00:00:00

  • Onchocerca volvulus infection in Tihama region - west of Yemen: Continuing transmission in ivermectin-targeted endemic foci and unveiled endemicity in districts with previously unknown status.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Onchocerciasis in Yemen is one of the most neglected diseases, where baseline estimates of onchocerciasis and monitoring of the impact of ivermectin regularly administered to the affected individuals on its transmission are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the anti-Ov16 IgG4 seroprevalence a...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006329

    authors: Mahdy MAK,Abdul-Ghani R,Abdulrahman TAA,Al-Eryani SMA,Al-Mekhlafi AM,Alhaidari SAA,Azazy AA

    更新日期:2018-03-05 00:00:00

  • A household serosurvey to estimate the magnitude of a dengue outbreak in Mombasa, Kenya, 2013.

    abstract::Dengue appears to be endemic in Africa with a number of reported outbreaks. In February 2013, several individuals with dengue-like illnesses and negative malaria blood smears were identified in Mombasa, Kenya. Dengue was laboratory confirmed and an investigation was conducted to estimate the magnitude of local transmi...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003733

    authors: Ellis EM,Neatherlin JC,Delorey M,Ochieng M,Mohamed AH,Mogeni DO,Hunsperger E,Patta S,Gikunju S,Waiboic L,Fields B,Ofula V,Konongoi SL,Torres-Velasquez B,Marano N,Sang R,Margolis HS,Montgomery JM,Tomashek KM

    更新日期:2015-04-29 00:00:00

  • Wolbachia enhances West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the mosquito Culex tarsalis.

    abstract::Novel strategies are required to control mosquitoes and the pathogens they transmit. One attractive approach involves maternally inherited endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria. After artificial infection with Wolbachia, many mosquitoes become refractory to infection and transmission of diverse pathogens. We evaluated the ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002965

    authors: Dodson BL,Hughes GL,Paul O,Matacchiero AC,Kramer LD,Rasgon JL

    更新日期:2014-07-10 00:00:00

  • Contrasting the value of targeted versus area-wide mosquito control scenarios to limit arbovirus transmission with human mobility patterns based on different tropical urban population centers.

    abstract::Vector control is still our primary intervention for both prevention and mitigation of epidemics of many vector-borne diseases. Efficiently targeting control measures is important since control can involve substantial economic costs. Targeting is not always straightforward, as transmission of vector-borne diseases is ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007479

    authors: Stone CM,Schwab SR,Fonseca DM,Fefferman NH

    更新日期:2019-07-03 00:00:00

  • A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Trial of Ciclosporin versus Prednisolone in the Management of Leprosy Patients with New Type 1 Reaction, in Ethiopia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Leprosy Type 1 (T1R) reactions are immune-mediated events leading to nerve damage and preventable disability affecting hands, feet and eyes. Type 1 Reactions are treated with oral corticosteroids. There is little evidence on alternative treatments for patients who do not respond to steroids or experience ste...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004502

    authors: Lambert SM,Alembo DT,Nigusse SD,Yamuah LK,Walker SL,Lockwood DN

    更新日期:2016-04-05 00:00:00

  • Comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Siaya, Kenya.

    abstract::Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major global health concern that often causes bloodstream infections in areas of the world affected by malnutrition and comorbidities such as HIV and malaria. Developing a strategy to control the emergence and spread of highly invasive and antimicrobial resistant NTS isolates requir...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008991

    authors: Kubicek-Sutherland JZ,Xie G,Shakya M,Dighe PK,Jacobs LL,Daligault H,Davenport K,Stromberg LR,Stromberg ZR,Cheng Q,Kempaiah P,Ong'echa JM,Otieno V,Raballah E,Anyona S,Ouma C,Chain PSG,Perkins DJ,Mukundan H,McMahon BH

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • PCR-based identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis, the agent of rhinoscleroma.

    abstract::Rhinoscleroma is a chronic granulomatous infection of the upper airways caused by the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. rhinoscleromatis. The disease is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas, but its diagnosis remains difficult. As a consequence, and despite available antibiotherapy, some patients evolve adva...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001052

    authors: Fevre C,Passet V,Deletoile A,Barbe V,Frangeul L,Almeida AS,Sansonetti P,Tournebize R,Brisse S

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Impacts of host gender on Schistosoma mansoni risk in rural Uganda-A mixed-methods approach.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The World Health Organization identified Uganda as one of the 10 highly endemic countries for schistosomiasis. Annual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel has led to a decline in intensity of Schistosoma mansoni infections in several areas. However, as hotspots with high (re)infection rates remai...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0008266

    authors: Trienekens SCM,Faust CL,Meginnis K,Pickering L,Ericsson O,Nankasi A,Moses A,Tukahebwa EM,Lamberton PHL

    更新日期:2020-05-13 00:00:00

  • Rapid Enhanced MM3-COPRO ELISA for Detection of Fasciola Coproantigens.

    abstract::ELISA-based methods of detecting Fasciola cathepsins in feces are powerful techniques for diagnosing infections by F. hepatica and F. gigantica. In the last decade, the in-house MM3-COPRO ELISA and its commercial version BIO K 201 (BIO X Diagnostics, Belgium) have been recognized as useful tools for detecting early in...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004872

    authors: Martínez-Sernández V,Orbegozo-Medina RA,González-Warleta M,Mezo M,Ubeira FM

    更新日期:2016-07-20 00:00:00

  • Diverse effects on mitochondrial and nuclear functions elicited by drugs and genetic knockdowns in bloodstream stage Trypanosoma brucei.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The options for treating the fatal disease human African trypanosomiasis are limited to a few drugs that are toxic or facing increasing resistance. New drugs that kill the causative agents, subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei, are therefore urgently needed. Little is known about the cellular mechanisms that lea...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000678

    authors: Worthen C,Jensen BC,Parsons M

    更新日期:2010-05-04 00:00:00

  • Stratified sero-prevalence revealed overall high disease burden of dengue but suboptimal immunity in younger age groups in Pune, India.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In India, dengue disease is emerging as the most important vector borne public health problem due to rapid and unplanned urbanization, high human density and week management of the disease. Clinical cases are grossly underreported and not much information is available on prevalence and incidence of the disea...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006657

    authors: Mishra AC,Arankalle VA,Gadhave SA,Mahadik PH,Shrivastava S,Bhutkar M,Vaidya VM

    更新日期:2018-08-06 00:00:00

  • First human rabies case in French Guiana, 2008: epidemiological investigation and control.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Until 2008, human rabies had never been reported in French Guiana. On 28 May 2008, the French National Reference Center for Rabies (Institut Pasteur, Paris) confirmed the rabies diagnosis, based on hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction on skin biopsy and saliva specimens from a Guianan, who had never travell...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001537

    authors: Meynard JB,Flamand C,Dupuy C,Mahamat A,Eltges F,Queuche F,Renner J,Fontanella JM,Hommel D,Dussart P,Grangier C,Djossou F,Dacheux L,Goudal M,Berger F,Ardillon V,Krieger N,Bourhy H,Spiegel A

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • The additional benefit of residual spraying and insecticide-treated curtains for dengue control over current best practice in Cuba: Evaluation of disease incidence in a cluster randomized trial in a low burden setting with intensive routine control.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Aedes control interventions are considered the cornerstone of dengue control programmes, but there is scarce evidence on their effect on disease. We set-up a cluster randomized controlled trial in Santiago de Cuba to evaluate the entomological and epidemiological effectiveness of periodical intra- and peri-d...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006031

    authors: Toledo ME,Vanlerberghe V,Rosales JP,Mirabal M,Cabrera P,Fonseca V,Gómez Padrón T,Pérez Menzies M,Montada D,Van der Stuyft P

    更新日期:2017-11-08 00:00:00

  • Imported endemic mycoses in Spain: Evolution of hospitalized cases, clinical characteristics and correlation with migratory movements, 1997-2014.

    abstract::Endemic mycoses are systemic fungal infections. Histoplasmosis is endemic in all temperate areas of the world; coccidioidomycosis and paracoccidioidomycosis are only present in the American continent. These pathogens are not present in Spain, but in the last years there has been an increase of reported cases due to mi...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006245

    authors: Molina-Morant D,Sánchez-Montalvá A,Salvador F,Sao-Avilés A,Molina I

    更新日期:2018-02-15 00:00:00

  • Bacterial diversity in oral samples of children in niger with acute noma, acute necrotizing gingivitis, and healthy controls.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Noma is a gangrenous disease that leads to severe disfigurement of the face with high morbidity and mortality, but its etiology remains unknown. Young children in developing countries are almost exclusively affected. The purpose of the study was to record and compare bacterial diversity in oral samples from ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001556

    authors: Bolivar I,Whiteson K,Stadelmann B,Baratti-Mayer D,Gizard Y,Mombelli A,Pittet D,Schrenzel J,Geneva Study Group on Noma (GESNOMA).

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Global burden of human mycetoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    abstract::Mycetoma is a chronic infectious disease of the subcutaneous tissue with a high morbidity. This disease has been reported from countries between 30°N and 15°S since 1840 but the exact burden of disease is not known. It is currently unknown what the incidence, prevalence and the number of reported cases per year per co...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002550

    authors: van de Sande WW

    更新日期:2013-11-07 00:00:00

  • Health-related impact on quality of life and coping strategies for chikungunya: A qualitative study in Curaçao.

    abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chikungunya is an emerging public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions, due to ongoing transmission and its incapacitating acute disease phase, and chronic sequelae. The disease is responsible for a major impact on Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), which may last several years. To our k...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005987

    authors: Elsinga J,Grobusch MP,Tami A,Gerstenbluth I,Bailey A

    更新日期:2017-10-09 00:00:00

  • Endothelial activation and dysfunction in severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Pathogenesis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has not been well described yet. Recent studies indicate that SFTSV could replicate in endothelial cells. Here we performed a case-control study to determine whether endothelial activation/dysfunction occurred in SFTSV infection and to identi...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005746

    authors: Li XK,Yang ZD,Du J,Xing B,Cui N,Zhang PH,Li H,Zhang XA,Lu QB,Liu W

    更新日期:2017-08-14 00:00:00

  • Prevalence and Transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in People of Rural Communities of the High Jungle of Northern Peru.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Vector-borne transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi is seen exclusively in the Americas where an estimated 8 million people are infected with the parasite. Significant research in southern Peru has been conducted to understand T. cruzi infection and vector control, however, much less is known about the burden of ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003779

    authors: Alroy KA,Huang C,Gilman RH,Quispe-Machaca VR,Marks MA,Ancca-Juarez J,Hillyard M,Verastegui M,Sanchez G,Cabrera L,Vidal E,Billig EM,Cama VA,Náquira C,Bern C,Levy MZ,Working Group on Chagas Disease in Peru.

    更新日期:2015-05-22 00:00:00

  • Implementation challenges and opportunities for improved mass treatment uptake for lymphatic filariasis elimination: Perceptions and experiences of community drug distributors of coastal Kenya.

    abstract::Community drug distributors (CDDs) who are volunteers have the responsibility of awareness creation, household census, drug distribution and record-keeping and are thus key stakeholders in the campaign for Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) elimination. Taking into account their experiences and perceptions is important for a s...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0009012

    authors: Njomo DW,Kimani BW,Kibe LW,Okoyo C,Omondi WP,Sultani HM

    更新日期:2020-12-28 00:00:00

  • The safety and efficacy of miltefosine in the long-term treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Asia - A review and meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Miltefosine (MF) is the only oral drug available for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Although the drug is effective and well tolerated in treatment of VL, the efficacy and safety of MF for longer treatment durations (>28 days) in PKDL remains unclear. ...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0007173

    authors: Pijpers J,den Boer ML,Essink DR,Ritmeijer K

    更新日期:2019-02-11 00:00:00

  • Brucellosis and Coxiella burnetii Infection in Householders and Their Animals in Secure Villages in Herat Province, Afghanistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Brucellosis and coxiellosis are known to be endemic in ruminant populations throughout Afghanistan, but information about their prevalence and factors that affect prevalence in householders and livestock under diverse husbandry systems and pastoral settings is sparse. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We conducted...

    journal_title:PLoS neglected tropical diseases

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004112

    authors: Akbarian Z,Ziay G,Schauwers W,Noormal B,Saeed I,Qanee AH,Shahab Z,Dennison T,Dohoo I,Jackson R

    更新日期:2015-10-20 00:00:00