Abstract:
:The classical model of cytokine signaling dominates our view of specific gene activation by cytokines such as the interferons (IFNs). The importance of the model extends beyond cytokines and applies to hormones such as growth hormone (GH) and insulin, and growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). According to this model, ligand activates the cell via interaction with the extracellular domain of the receptor. This results in activation of receptor or receptor-associated tyrosine kinases, primarily of the Janus activated kinase (JAK) family, phosphorylation and dimerization of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors, which dissociate from the receptor cytoplasmic domain and translocate to the nucleus. This view ascribes no further role to the ligand, JAK kinase, or receptor in either specific gene activation or the associated epigenetic events. The presence of dimeric STATs in the nucleus essentially explains it all. Our studies have resulted in the development of a non-canonical, more complex model of IFNγ signaling that is akin to that of steroid hormone (SH)/steroid receptor (SR) signaling. We have shown that ligand, receptor, activated JAKs, and STATs are associated with specific gene activation, where the receptor subunit IFNGR1 functions as a co-transcription factor and the JAKs are involved in associated epigenetic events. We found that the type I IFN system functions similarly. The fact that GH receptor, insulin receptor, EGF receptor, and FGF receptor undergo nuclear translocation upon ligand binding suggests that they may also function similarly. The SH/SR nature of type I and II IFN signaling provides insight into the specificity of signaling by members of cytokine families. The non-canonical model could also provide better understanding to more complex cytokine families such as those of IL-2 and IL-12, whose members often use the same JAKs and STATs, but also have different functions and properties.
journal_name
Front Immunoljournal_title
Frontiers in immunologyauthors
Johnson HM,Noon-Song EN,Dabelic R,Ahmed CMdoi
10.3389/fimmu.2013.00202subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-07-25 00:00:00pages
202issn
1664-3224journal_volume
4pub_type
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.00723
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02386
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02612
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abstract::Celiac Disease (CD) is a multifactorial, autoimmune enteropathy activated by cereal proteins in genetically predisposed individuals carrying HLA DQ2/8 genes. A heterogenous gene combination of the cereal prolamins is documented in different wheat genotypes, which is suggestive of their variable immunogenic potential. ...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00084
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00733
更新日期:2019-04-05 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00756
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00496
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00166
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00965
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00457
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01532
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01447
更新日期:2018-07-09 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00268
更新日期:2012-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant form of astrocytoma with short survival and a high recurrence rate and remains a global problem. Currently, surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other comprehensive treatments are the main treatment modalities, but patients still have a poor prognosis mainly due to the infi...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.544563
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01241
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00350
更新日期:2014-07-23 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2012.00301
更新日期:2012-10-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02423
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doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.02111
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01457
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journal_title:Frontiers in immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00056
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