Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To explore the factors that influence help seeking for mental distress by offenders. DESIGN:Qualitative study based on in-depth interviews with prisoners before and after release. SETTING:One category B local prison in southern England. PARTICIPANTS:35 male offenders aged 18-52, a quarter of whom had been flagged as being at risk of self harm. RESULTS:Most respondents reported that they would not seek help from a general practitioner or other healthcare professional if experiencing mental distress. When followed up after release, none had sought medical help despite the fact that many had considerable emotional problems. Many participants were hesitant to seek help because they feared being given a formal diagnosis of mental illness. Some of these men feared the stigma that such a diagnosis would bring, whereas others feared that a diagnosis would mean having to confront the problem. Lack of trust emerged as the most prominent theme in prisoners' discourse about not seeking help from health professionals. Distrust towards the "system" and authority figures in general was linked to adverse childhood experiences. Distrust directed specifically at healthcare professionals was often expressed as specific negative beliefs: many perceived that health professionals (most often doctors) "just don't care," "just want to medicate," and treat patients "superficially." Those men who would consider going to a general practitioner reported positive previous experiences of being respected and listened to. CONCLUSIONS:Distrust is a major barrier to accessing health care among offenders. Like most people, the respondents in this study wanted to feel listened to, acknowledged, and treated as individuals by health professionals. By ensuring that a positive precedent is set, particularly for sceptical groups such as ex-prisoners, general practitioners and prison doctors may be able to encourage future help seeking. Information specifically designed for prisoners is needed to help to de-stigmatise mental illness, and preparation for release should include provision of information about access to health and social services. Awareness training for health professionals is recommended: trust might be fostered in this population by seemingly trivial gestures that indicate respect.
journal_name
BMJjournal_title
BMJ (Clinical research ed.)authors
Howerton A,Byng R,Campbell J,Hess D,Owens C,Aitken Pdoi
10.1136/bmj.39059.594444.AEsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-10 00:00:00pages
303issue
7588eissn
0959-8138issn
1756-1833pii
bmj.39059.594444.AEjournal_volume
334pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the associations between personal use of permanent hair dyes and cancer risk and mortality. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS:117 200 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of female nurses in the United States. The women were free...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.m2942
更新日期:2020-09-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To establish whether there is evidence of the efficacy of homoeopathy from controlled trials in humans. DESIGN:Criteria based meta-analysis. Assessment of the methodological quality of 107 controlled trials in 96 published reports found after an extensive search. Trials were scored using a list of predefined...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6772.316
更新日期:1991-02-09 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with psoriasis. DESIGN:Population based cohort study and nested cross sectional study. SETTING:Electronic medical records database based in United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS:Cohort study: patients with psoriasis aged 18-90 each matched to up to five pa...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.f5961
更新日期:2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate whether sending patients a copy of their referral letter can reduce non-attendance at outpatient departments. DESIGN:Blinded randomised controlled trial. SETTING:13 general practices in Exeter, Devon. SUBJECTS:2078 new consultant referrals from 26 doctors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Non-attenda...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.318.7195.1392
更新日期:1999-05-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact on birth size and risk of low birth weight of alternative combinations of micronutrients given to pregnant women. DESIGN:Double blind cluster randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Rural community in south eastern Nepal. PARTICIPANTS:4926 pregnant women and 4130 live born infants. INTER...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7389.571
更新日期:2003-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the prevalence of both diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in an area of predominantly Asian population the Coventry diabetes study is carrying out house to house screening for diabetes in people aged 20 and over in Foleshill, Coventry. In the first five of 12 areas to be studied 2130 of 2283 Asian (...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.298.6665.18
更新日期:1989-01-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between exposure to radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer and subsequent second malignancies (second primary cancers). DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. DATA SOURCES:Medline and Embase up to 6 April 2015 with no restrictions on year...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.i851
更新日期:2016-03-02 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate current processes by which young children presenting with a febrile illness but suspected of having serious bacterial infection are diagnosed and treated, and to develop and test a multivariable model to distinguish serious bacterial infections from self limiting non-bacterial illnesses. Design T...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.c1594
更新日期:2010-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether patients with unexpected prehospital cardiac arrest could be identified in whom ambulance resuscitation attempts would be futile. DESIGN:Review of ambulance and hospital records; detailed review of automated external defibrillator rhythm strips of patients in whom no shock was advised. ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.6996.49
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the complete range of factors which doctors recognise as changing their clinical practice and provide a measure of how often education is involved in change. DESIGN:Interviews using the critical incident technique. SETTING:Primary and secondary care. SUBJECTS:Random sample of 50 general practit...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7084.870
更新日期:1997-03-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate pharmaceutical or medical device industry funding of patient groups. DESIGN:Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES:Ovid Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar from inception to January 2018; reference lists of eligible studies and experts in the field. ELIGIB...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.l6925
更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate integrated care for diabetes in clinical, psychosocial, and economic terms. DESIGN:Pragmatic randomised trial. SETTING:Hospital diabetic clinic and three general practice groups in Grampian. PATIENTS:274 adult diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic and registered with one of three gener...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1994-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To report the sensitivities of the faecal occult blood test, screening episode, and screening programme for colorectal cancer and the benefits of applying a randomised design at the implementation phase of a new public health policy. DESIGN:Experimental design incorporated in public health evaluation using ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.a2261
更新日期:2008-11-20 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of corticosteroid injections with physiotherapy for the treatment of painful stiff shoulder. DESIGN:Randomised trial. SETTING:40 general practices. SUBJECTS:109 patients consulting general practitioners for shoulder pain were enrolled in the trial. INTERVENTIONS:Patients were ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1292
更新日期:1998-11-07 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine how changes in the number of admissions from waiting lists and changes in the number of additions to the lists are related to list size and waiting times, in the context of local waiting list initiatives. DESIGN:Review of national and Körner statistics. SETTING:England (1987-94) and districts o...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7008.783
更新日期:1995-09-23 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine trends over time in the rates of admission to hospital for accidents of preschool children and to study patterns of repeated admissions for accidents in these children. DESIGN:Analysis of linked, routine abstracts of hospital inpatient records for accidents. SETTING:Six districts in the Oxford R...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6767.16
更新日期:1991-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine how insurance companies assess proposals for life assurance from applicants with raised cholesterol concentrations and to determine the excess mortality rating applied. DESIGN:Survey of 49 companies underwriting term life assurance. SETTING:United Kingdom. SUBJECTS:Four fictional men aged 30 se...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.302.6781.891
更新日期:1991-04-13 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess long term survival (> 5 years) and quality of life in severely ill patients referred for urgent cardiac transplantation. SETTING:Tertiary referral centres: before transplantation at the National Heart Hospital (late 1984 to end 1986); after transplantation at Harefield Hospital. SUBJECTS:Eighteen ...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.306.6870.98
更新日期:1993-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Planning future policy for medicines poses difficult problems. The main players in the drug business have their own views as to how the world around them functions and how the future of medicines should be shaped. In this paper we show how a scenario analysis can provide a powerful teaching device to readjust peoples'...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6962.1137
更新日期:1994-10-29 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether short-term, oral low dose prednisolone (< or = 15 mg daily) is superior to placebo and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of randomised trials of oral corticosteroids compared with placebo or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1136/bmj.316.7134.811
更新日期:1998-03-14 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether genetic factors associated with established rheumatoid arthritis could, in combination with rheumatoid factor, predict the development of radiological erosions in patients with early symmetrical (rheumatoid-like) arthritis. DESIGN:Prospective study. SETTING:Teaching hospital, early arth...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6866.1387
更新日期:1992-12-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test whether a drug review and symptom self management and lifestyle advice intervention by community pharmacists could reduce hospital admissions or mortality in heart failure patients. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Home based intervention in heart failure patients. PARTICIPANTS:293 patie...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1136/bmj.39164.568183.AE
更新日期:2007-05-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the relation between the HIV/AIDS epidemic and support for dependent elderly people in Africa. DESIGN:Retrospective analysis using data from Demographic and Health Surveys. SETTING:22 African countries between 1991 and 2006. PARTICIPANTS:123,176 individuals over the age of 60. MAIN OUTCOME M...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.c2841
更新日期:2010-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To develop and refine a complex intervention for diabetes support and education in minority ethnic groups, delivered through bilingual health advocates. DESIGN:Action research framework-a variety of methods used in an emergent and developmental manner, in partnership with clinicians, managers, and service us...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/bmj.330.7492.628
更新日期:2005-03-19 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of bias associated with missing outcome data in systematic reviews. DESIGN:Imputation study. SETTING:Systematic reviews. POPULATION:100 systematic reviews that included a group level meta-analysis with a statistically significant effect on a patient important dichotomous efficacy outcome...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.m2898
更新日期:2020-08-26 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess adjustment practices for primary outcomes of randomized controlled trials and their impact on the results. DESIGN:Meta-epidemiologic study. DATA SOURCES:25 biomedical journals with the highest impact factor according to Journal Citation Reports 2009. STUDY SELECTION:Randomized controlled trials p...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.f4313
更新日期:2013-07-12 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare the effectiveness of beta lactam monotherapy versus beta lactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy in the treatment of patients with fever and neutropenia. DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, Lilacs, the Cochrane Library, and conference proceedings to 2002. References of included studies and contact wit...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7399.1111
更新日期:2003-05-24 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Firstly, to assess the completeness of ascertainment in the National Congenital Anomaly System (NCAS), the basis for congenital anomaly surveillance in England and Wales, and its variation by defect, geographical area, and socioeconomic deprivation. Secondly, to assess the impact of the lack of data on pregna...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.38300.665301.3A
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the risk of acute hepatotoxicity associated with nimesulide compared with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. SETTING:Umbria region, Italy. PARTICIPANTS:400 000 current, recent, and past users (almost 2 million prescriptions) o...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7405.18
更新日期:2003-07-05 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To relate cancer since entry into the Framingham Heart Study with the risk of incident Alzheimer's disease and to estimate the risk of incident cancer among participants with and without Alzheimer's disease. DESIGN:Community based prospective cohort study; nested age and sex matched case-control study. SET...
journal_title:BMJ (Clinical research ed.)
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/bmj.e1442
更新日期:2012-03-12 00:00:00