Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Swimming is one of the most popular forms of physical activity. Pool water is cleaned with chlorine, which - in combination with compounds contained in water - could form chloramines and trichloromethane in the swimmer's lungs. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of swimming training in an indoor pool on the composition of swimmers' respiratory phase metabolomics, and develop a system to provide basic information about its impact on the swimmer's airway mucosa metabolism, which could help to assess the risk of secondary respiratory tract diseases i.e. sport results, condition, and health including lung acute and chronic diseases). DESIGN:A group of competitive swimmers participated in the study and samples of their respiratory phase before training, immediately after training, and 2 h after training were assessed. METHODS:Sixteen male national and international-level competitive swimmers participated in this study. Respiratory phase analysis of the indoor swimming pool swimmers was performed. Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GCMS) was used in the measurements. All collected data were transferred to numerical analysis for trends of tracking and mapping. The breathing phase was collected on special porous material and analyzed using GCMS headspace. RESULTS:The obtained samples of exhaled air were composed of significantly different metabolomics when compared before, during and after exercise training. This suggests that exposition to indoor chlorine causes changes in the airway mucosa. CONCLUSION:This phenomenon may be explained by occurrence of a chlorine-initiated bio-reaction in the swimmers' lungs. The obtained results indicate that chromatographic exhaled gas analysis is a sensitive method of pulmonary metabolomic changes assessment. Presented analysis of swimmers exhaled air indicates, that indoor swimming may be responsible for airway irritation caused by volatile chlorine compounds and their influence on lung metabolism.
journal_name
Respir Resjournal_title
Respiratory researchauthors
Swinarew AS,Stanula AJ,Gabor J,Raif P,Paluch J,Karpiński J,Kubik K,Okła H,Ostrowski A,Tkacz E,Skoczyński S,Waśkiewicz Z,Rosemann T,Nikolaidis PT,Knechtle Bdoi
10.1186/s12931-020-01350-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-15 00:00:00pages
88issue
1eissn
1465-9921issn
1465-993Xpii
10.1186/s12931-020-01350-yjournal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:An increasing number of epidemiological and experimental studies have associated exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) during pregnancy with adverse outcomes in newborns. As we have previously shown in mice, in utero exposure to SHS at critical stages of fetal development, results in altered lung responses and...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0591-0
更新日期:2017-06-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Manual auscultation to detect abnormal breath sounds has poor inter-observer reliability. Digital stethoscopes with artificial intelligence (AI) could improve reliable detection of these sounds. We aimed to independently test the abilities of AI developed for this purpose. METHODS:One hundred and ninety two...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01523-9
更新日期:2020-09-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with inflammatory response but it is unknown whether it is associated with alterations in NNMT activity and MNA plasma concentration. Here we examined changes in NNMT-MNA pathway in PAH in rats and humans. METHODS:PAH in rats was induced by a single subcut...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0423-7
更新日期:2016-08-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The patterns of mandibular movements (MM) during sleep can be used to identify increased respiratory effort periodic large-amplitude MM (LPM), and cortical arousals associated with "sharp" large-amplitude MM (SPM). We hypothesized that Cheyne Stokes breathing (CSB) may be identified by periodic abnormal MM p...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0551-8
更新日期:2017-04-20 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Inspiratory activity is a prerequisite for successful application of patient triggered ventilation such as proportional assist ventilation (PAV). It has recently been reported that surfactant instillation increases the activity of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors (PSRs) followed by a shorter inspi...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-7-38
更新日期:2006-03-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The effects of corticosteroid-based therapy in patients with idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (iNSIP), and factors affecting treatment outcome, are not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the long-term treatment response and factors affecting the treatment outcome in iNSIP patients from a ...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0686-7
更新日期:2017-12-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Family history of asthma and other allergic diseases have been linked to the risk of childhood asthma previously, but little is known about their effect on the age-of-onset and persistency of asthma until young adulthood. METHODS:We assessed the effect of the family history of asthma and allergic diseases o...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-014-0152-8
更新日期:2014-11-27 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Several studies have implicated a role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of lung damage in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Parenchymal lung damage leads to defects in mechanics and gas exchange and clinically manifests with exertional dyspnea. Investigations of inflammatory cells in IPF have shown tha...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-81
更新日期:2005-07-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The sources and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intact organs are largely unresolved. This may be related to methodological problems associated with the techniques currently employed for ROS detection. Electron spin resonance (ESR) with spin trapping is a specific method for ROS detection, an...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-86
更新日期:2005-07-31 00:00:00
abstract::Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) reduce COPD exacerbation frequency and slow decline in health related quality of life but have little effect on lung function, do not reduce mortality, and increase the risk of pneumonia. We systematically reviewed trials in which ICS have been withdrawn from patients with COPD, with the ...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-107
更新日期:2011-08-12 00:00:00
abstract::The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The CT image is used to assess the disease progress, whereas the continued two times of negative results from SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection had been co...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01363-7
更新日期:2020-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::MMP28 is constitutively expressed by epithelial cells in many tissues, including the respiratory epithelium in the lung and keratinocytes in the skin. This constitutive expression suggests that MMP28 may serve a role in epithelial cell homeostasis. In an effort to determine its function in epithelial cell biology, we ...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-144
更新日期:2011-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::The use of biomarkers in medicine lies in their ability to detect disease and support diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. New research and novel understanding of the molecular basis of the disease reveals an abundance of exciting new biomarkers who present a promise for use in the everyday clinical practice. The pas...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-78
更新日期:2005-07-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To assess the symptomatic and cost burden among patients initiating long-acting bronchodilator (LABD) therapy and impact of adherence on healthcare resource use and costs. METHODS:This retrospective cohort study identified patients with COPD who were newly prescribed a LABD (long-acting muscarinic antagonis...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-015-0295-2
更新日期:2015-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Steroid resistant (SR) asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation that fails to resolve despite treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. Furthermore, SR patient airways show increased numbers neutrophils, which are less responsive to glucocorticoid. The present study seeks to determine wh...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0462-0
更新日期:2016-11-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While adverse effects of exposure to air pollutants on respiratory health are well studied, little is known about the effect of a reduction in air pollutants on chronic respiratory symptoms and diseases. We investigated whether different declines in air pollution levels in industrialised and rural areas in G...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-11-113
更新日期:2010-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We have recently reported that protein phosphate 2A (PP2A) inactivation resulted in increased phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) at Ser(226), thereby reducing GR nuclear translocation and causing corticosteroid ins...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-016-0349-0
更新日期:2016-03-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Few longitudinal data exist on the incidence of asthma in young adults and on the overall mortality risk due to asthma. A 7-year follow-up prospective study was performed to assess the incidence of asthma and mortality from all causes in a cohort of young adults. METHODS:The life status of a cohort of 6031 ...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-95
更新日期:2005-08-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Airway absorption and bioavailability of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) may be influenced by differences in pharmacokinetic properties such as lipophilicity and patient characteristics such as lung function. This study aimed to further investigate and clarify the distribution of budesonide and fluticasone in...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-10-104
更新日期:2009-10-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although protective mechanical ventilation (MV) has been used in a variety of applications, lung injury may occur in both patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this study is to use machine learning to identify clinical phenotypes for critically ill patients with...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-020-01588-6
更新日期:2020-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::The lung responds to a variety of insults in a remarkably consistent fashion but with inconsistent outcomes that vary from complete resolution and return to normal to the destruction of normal architecture and progressive fibrosis. Increasing evidence indicates that diffuse lung disease results from an imbalance betwe...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/rr177
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin (IL)-17 is recognized to play a critical role in numerous immune and inflammatory responses by regulating the expression of various inflammatory mediators, which include cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. There is growing evidence that IL-17 is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. IL-17 orch...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-11-78
更新日期:2010-06-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that epinephrine release is impaired in patients with asthma. The pregnancy of female rats (dams) with asthma promotes in their pups the differentiation of adrenal medulla chromaffin cells (AMCCs) into sympathetic neurons, mediated by nerve growth factor, which leads to a reduction in epin...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-99
更新日期:2012-11-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Current therapy for relieving bronchoconstriction may be ineffective in severe asthma, particularly in the small airways. The aim of this study was to further characterise responses to the recently identified novel bronchodilators rosiglitazone (RGZ) and chloroquine (CQ) under conditions where β-adrenoceptor...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-15-29
更新日期:2014-03-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Long-term lung allograft survival is limited by bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). Mannose binding lectin (MBL) belongs to the innate immune system, participates in complement activation, and may predispose to graft rejection. We investigated mannose binding (MBL) during cold ischemia and in tissue sam...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-13-56
更新日期:2012-07-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Programming a mechanical ventilator with a biologically variable or fractal breathing pattern (an example of 1/f noise) improves gas exchange and respiratory mechanics. Here we show that fractal ventilation increases respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) -- a mechanism known to improve ventilation/perfusion mat...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-41
更新日期:2005-05-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low muscle mass is associated with increased mortality in the general population but its prognostic value in at-risk smokers, those without expiratory airflow obstruction, is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that reduced muscle mass is associated with increased mortality in at-risk smokers. METHODS:...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-018-0771-6
更新日期:2018-04-10 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by the acute onset of hypoxemia and bilateral lung infiltrates in response to an inciting event, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are at increased ...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-019-0981-6
更新日期:2019-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Low body mass index has been associated with increased mortality in severe COPD. The impact of body composition earlier in the disease remains unclear. We studied the impact of body composition on the risk of functional limitation in COPD. METHODS:We used bioelectrical impedance to estimate body composition...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1465-9921-8-7
更新日期:2007-01-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A multitude of epidemiological studies have shown that ambient fine particulate matter 2.5 (diameter < 2.5um; PM2.5) was associated with increased morbidity and mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the underlying associated mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. We conducted ...
journal_title:Respiratory research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12931-019-1081-3
更新日期:2019-06-13 00:00:00