Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The adaptive immune system maintains a diversity of T cells capable of recognizing a broad array of antigens. Each T cell's specificity for antigens is determined by its T cell receptors (TCRs), which together across all T cells form a repertoire of millions of unique receptors in each individual. Although many studies have examined how TCR repertoires change in response to disease or drugs, few have explored the temporal dynamics of the TCR repertoire in healthy individuals. RESULTS:Here we report immunosequencing of TCR β chains (TCRβ) from the blood of three healthy individuals at eight time points over one year. TCRβ repertoires of all peripheral-blood T cells and sorted memory T cells clustered clearly by individual, systematically demonstrating that TCRβ repertoires are specific to individuals across time. This individuality was absent from TCRβs from naive T cells, suggesting that the differences resulted from an individual's antigen exposure history, not genetic background. Many characteristics of the TCRβ repertoire (e.g., diversity, clonality) were stable across time, although we found evidence of T cell expansion dynamics even within healthy individuals. We further identified a subset of "persistent" TCRβs present across all time points. These receptors were rich in clonal and highly public receptors and may play a key role in immune system maintenance. CONCLUSIONS:Our results highlight the importance of longitudinal sampling of the immune system, providing a much-needed baseline for TCRβ dynamics in healthy individuals. Such a baseline will improve interpretation of changes in the TCRβ repertoire during disease or treatment.
journal_name
BMC Immunoljournal_title
BMC immunologyauthors
Chu ND,Bi HS,Emerson RO,Sherwood AM,Birnbaum ME,Robins HS,Alm EJdoi
10.1186/s12865-019-0300-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-06-21 00:00:00pages
19issue
1issn
1471-2172pii
10.1186/s12865-019-0300-5journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BMC IMMUNOLOGY文献大全abstract：BACKGROUND:Proinflammatory genes are highly expressed in several metabolic disorders associated with obesity. But it is not clarified whether gene expression levels and downstream inflammatory markers are related to the metabolic state or the presence of obesity. Hence, the present study aimed to compare Toll-Like Rece...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-019-0303-2
更新日期：2019-07-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although plasmid DNA encoding an antigen from pathogens or tumor cells has been widely studied as vaccine, the use of plasmid vector (without insert) as therapeutic agent requires further investigation. RESULTS:Here, we showed that plasmid DNA (pcDNA3) at low doses inhibits the production of IL-6 and TNF-α ...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-13-59
更新日期：2012-11-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To understand the evolutionary origins of our own immune system, we need to characterise the immune system of our distant relatives, the marsupials and monotremes. The recent sequencing of the genomes of two marsupials (opossum and tammar wallaby) and a monotreme (platypus) provides an opportunity to charact...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-12-48
更新日期：2011-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Allergen immunotherapy (SIT) is the only treatment for allergic disease capable of modifying disease long term. To reduce the risk of anaphylaxis from SIT, allergen-extracts have been modified by polymerisation with glutaraldehyde to reduce IgE binding. It is suggested that these allergoid extracts also have...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-15-21
更新日期：2014-05-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The CXCR3 receptor and its three interferon-inducible ligands (CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11) have been implicated as playing a central role in directing a Th1 inflammatory response. Recent studies strongly support that the CXCR3 receptor is a very attractive therapeutic target for treating autoimmune diseases, s...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-13-2
更新日期：2012-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anthrax lethal toxin (LT), produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is a highly effective zinc dependent metalloprotease that cleaves the N-terminus of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MAPKK or MEKs) and is known to play a role in impairing the host immune system during an inhalat...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-13-33
更新日期：2012-07-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been recognized that phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a crucial component of snake venom, which contributes greatly to snake venom induced inflammation in man. However, the mechanisms through which N49 PLA2 provoke inflammation remain unclear. Recently, a N49 PLA2, TM-N49 from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus c...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-10-21
更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunoglobulin rearrangement involves random and imprecise processes that act to both create and constrain diversity. Two such processes are the loss of nucleotides through the action of unknown exonuclease(s) and the addition of P nucleotides. The study of such processes has been compromised by difficulties...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-5-19
更新日期：2004-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The functional immaturity of T cells contributes to the susceptibility of neonates to infections and the less severe graft-versus-host disease associated with cord blood (CB) transplantation. We have previously reported that insulin-like growth factor - I (IGF-I) promotes the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induce...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-9-74
更新日期：2008-12-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) present a significant obstacle to cancer immunotherapy because they dampen anti-tumor cytotoxic T cell responses. Previous groups, including our own, have reported on the myelo-depletive effects of certain chemotherapy agents. We have shown previously that decitabine ...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-020-0337-5
更新日期：2020-02-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis is an important causative agent of pertussis, an infectious disease of the respiratory tract. After introduction of whole-cell vaccines (wP) in the 1950's, pertussis incidence has decreased significantly. Because wP were found to be reactogenic, in most develo...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-9-21
更新日期：2008-05-22 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) are components of innate immunity that recognize the presence of viral infection and initiate efficient defense mechanisms. In addition to previously well-characterized signaling pathways that are mediated by PKR and TLR3, new intracellular...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-12-15
更新日期：2011-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Most HIV-infected subjects exhibit a progressive rise in CD4 T-cell counts after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, a subset of individuals exhibit very poor CD4 T-cell recovery despite effective control of HIV-RNA viraemia. We evaluated CD4 T-cell proliferation among subopt...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-14-26
更新日期：2013-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Neutrophils are critical in the defense against potentially harmful microorganisms, but their excessive and inappropriate activation can contribute significantly to tissue damage and a worsening pathology. Through the release of endocrine factors submandibular glands contribute to achieving a balance in neut...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-4-3
更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adenoviral vectors have provided effective methods for in vivo gene delivery in therapeutic applications. However, these vectors can induce immune responses that may severely affect the ability of vector re-application. There is limited information about the mechanisms and signal transduction pathways involv...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-12-8
更新日期：2011-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, have been shown to have an adjuvant effect in mice. However, an adjuvant effect, defined as an inherent ability to stimulate the humoral immune response, was only observed after exposure to a limited number of the phthalates. An adjuvant effect may be du...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-9-61
更新日期：2008-10-31 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Human memory CD4+ T cells can be either CD300a/c+ or CD300a/c- and subsequent analyses showed that CD4+ effector memory T (T(EM)) cells are mostly CD300a/c+, whereas CD4+ central memory T (T(CM)) cells have similar frequencies of CD300a/c+ and CD300a/c- cells. RESULTS:Extensive phenotypical and functional c...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-12-62
更新日期：2011-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We have developed a 12-parameter/10-color flow cytometric staining method for the simultaneous detection and characterization of 21 mouse thymocyte subpopulations that represent discreet stages of T cell development. To demonstrate the utility of this method, we assessed cytokine receptor expression on mouse...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-12-36
更新日期：2011-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Besides their prominent role in the elimination of infected or malignantly transformed cells, natural killer (NK) cells serve as modulators of adaptive immune responses. Enhancing bidirectional crosstalk between NK cells and dendritic cells (DC) is considered a promising tool to potentiate cancer vaccines. W...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-018-0247-y
更新日期：2018-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We have recently demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) promote IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 synthesis, while decreasing IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression by activated human T cells and reduces the synthesis of IL-12p70 from accessory cells. Here, we have demonstrated th...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-9-16
更新日期：2008-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging bacterial infectious disease in tropical and subtropical areas. We recently showed that NADPH oxidase but not nitric oxide (NO) contributes to resistance in innately resistant C57BL/6 mice in a B. pseudomallei respiratory infection ...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-12-20
更新日期：2011-03-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Down syndrome (DS) is the most common syndromic immunodeficiency with an increased risk of infection, mortality from sepsis, and autoinflammation. Innate immune function is altered in DS and therefore we examined responses in CD11b and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR-4), which are important immune cell surface mar...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-018-0270-z
更新日期：2018-11-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Allergic skin inflammation such as atopic dermatitis (AD), which is characterized by pruritus and inflammation, is regulated partly through the activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs play key roles in the immune response by preventing or suppressing the differentiation, proliferation and function of v...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-13-44
更新日期：2012-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Inappropriate responses to normal intestinal bacteria may be involved in the development of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD, e.g. Crohn's Disease (CD), Ulcerative Colitis (UC)) and variations in the host genome may mediate this process. IL-10 gene-deficient (Il10-/-) mice develop CD-like colitis mainly in t...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-11-39
更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Early detection of capecitabine-resistance could largely increase overall survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Previous studies suggested examination of immune cells in peripheral blood would help to predict efficacy of chemotherapy. METHODS:We examined the immunological characteristics of peripher...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-020-00375-8
更新日期：2020-08-08 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The bacterial biofilm at the gingival margin induces a host immune reaction. In this local inflammation epithelial cells defend the host against bacterial challenge. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a keystone pathogen, infects epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the activatio...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-016-0185-5
更新日期：2017-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Impaired diabetic wound healing occurs as a consequence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokine production. We previously found that whey protein (WP) was able to normally regulate the ROS and inflammatory cytokines during the inflammatory phase (first day) in streptozotocin (STZ...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-14-31
更新日期：2013-07-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Macrophages are key players in the initiation, perpetuation and regulation of both innate and adaptive immune responses. They largely perform these roles through modulation of the expression of genes, especially those encoding cytokines. Murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) are commonly used as a m...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-017-0223-y
更新日期：2017-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Vascular calcification is often associated with chronic inflammation and is a risk factor for brain arterial stiffness. Our previous results showed that miR32-5p was positively correlated with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) calcification, but it is unclear whether miR32-5p promoted VSMC calcification by...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12865-019-0324-x
更新日期：2020-01-17 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Streptococcus sanguinis (S.sanguinis), a predominant bacterium in the human oral cavity, has been widely associated with the development of infective endocarditis. Platelets play both a haemostatic function and can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses. Previous studies have shown that S.sangui...
journal_title：BMC immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2172-15-15
更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00
