Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Galectin-9 (Gal-9) induces apoptosis in activated T helper 1 (TH1) cells as a ligand for T cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3). Gal-9 also inhibits the G1 phase cell cycle arrest and hypertrophy in db/db mice, the hallmark of early diabetic nephropathy, by reversing the high glucose-induced up-regulation of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors such as p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1). METHODS:We investigated the serum levels of Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes and various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n=182). RESULTS:Serum Gal-9 levels in the patients with type 2 diabetes were 131.9 ± 105.4 pg/ml and Log(10)Gal-9 levels significantly and positively correlated with age (r=0.227, p=0.002), creatinine (r=0.175, p=0.018), urea nitrogen (r=0.162, p=0.028) and osmotic pressure (r=0.187, p=0.014) and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.188, p=0.011). Log(10)Gal-9 levels increased along with the progression of GFR categories of G1 to G4, and they were statistically significant by Jonckheere-Terpstra test (p=0.012). Log(10)Gal-9 levels remained similar levels in albuminuria stages of A1 to A3. CONCLUSION:The elevation of serum Gal-9 in the patients with type 2 diabetes is closely linked to GFR and they may be related to the alteration of the immune response and inflammation of the patients with type 2 diabetes and CKD.
journal_name
BMC Nephroljournal_title
BMC nephrologyauthors
Kurose Y,Wada J,Kanzaki M,Teshigawara S,Nakatsuka A,Murakami K,Inoue K,Terami T,Katayama A,Watanabe M,Higuchi C,Eguchi J,Miyatake N,Makino Hdoi
10.1186/1471-2369-14-23subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-22 00:00:00pages
23issn
1471-2369pii
1471-2369-14-23journal_volume
14pub_type
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